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1、Grammar,Comparison比较级,Special forms,1.特殊形式：far farther farthest(距离最远)further(进一步)furthest(程度，距离)late later(时间上迟点)latest(时间上最近的)latter(后者)former last(come in order)Good better best/bad worse worst,Special forms-example,e.g.I came later than you.This is the latest news 最新消息e.g.when he asked me to choo
2、se wine,red and white.I chose the latter(wine),and I dont like the former wine.,Compound words,2复合词:e.g.Fine-looking-finer-looking-finest-looking;Bad-temper-worse-temper-worst-temperBut:cold:more cold-blooded,most cold-blooded,3.more.than/-er.than.:比更(好),e.g.I am a better swimmer than you(are).我游泳比你
3、好。But you are taller and stronger than I(am tall).But you are taller and stronger than me.但是你比我高，比我壮。Just because you are shorter and weaker,is that the reason you become a slower swimmer than me?仅仅因为你比我矮比我弱，就有理由比我游得慢吗？,4.less than;/-erthan:比更（差）,e.g.I have always tried to help those who are less fo
4、rtunate than I.我一直设法帮助比我不幸的人。At least you are less generous than I.至少你没有我慷慨。,5.the+比较级+of the two：表示两者之中“较.”,e.g.Ill give you the bigger of the two steaks;Im not very hungry.我要把这块比较大的牛排给你，我不怎么饿。,6.“形容词+to”结构也可表示比较含义,常用形容词：superior to/inferior to/senior to/junior to e.g.This kind of car is superior i
5、n quality to that.这种汽车的质量比那一种好得多(优于；胜过。)His paper is inferior to mine.他的论文比我的差。(差于；处于劣势)Li ping is three years senior to Liu Gang.比刘刚大三岁。(年长于；资格老于；地位高于)Liu Gang is three years junior to Li Ping.刘刚比李平小三岁。(年幼于；资格低于；地位低于),6.“形容词+to”结构也可表示比较含义,e.g.I am two years junior to you.我比你小两岁。=I am two years your
6、 junior.;I am your junior by two years.;I am two years younger than you(are).,7.比较级前加修饰语 much,far,very表示程度,比较形容词可以被修饰语表示程度：如a little(一点),much(得多),even(更加),still(更加),far(.得多),very much,any,no,rather,a lot(a great deal),a little(a bit)等修饰，(但不可用very修饰?)e.g.The sun is a lot bigger and brighter than the
7、moon.太阳比月亮大得多、亮得多。,8.“as many/few+可数名词复数+as”“as much/little+不可数名词+as”,表示前后的数量接近相同。e.g.You may borrow as many books as you can.你能借多少书就借多少。“Drink as much water as you can.”the doctor said to him.医生对他说到：“你要尽可能的多喝些水。”,9.than any(other)+单数名词 在相同和不相同的范围内比较,（1）在同一范围里比较：“主语+比较级+than any other+单数名词”：主语所描述的事物
8、在同一范围内进行比较：e.g.Lin Tao is taller than any other student in our class.（属于同一班级内的学生身高的比较，any other student 指的是班里“除林涛以外的任何其他一个学生”，所以应当有other 一词）,9.than any(other)+单数名词 在相同和不相同的范围内比较,（2）不同范围内的比较：“主语+比较级+than any+单数名词”：e.g.China is bigger than any country in Africa.（中国属于亚洲地区，比较对象是非洲地区的某一个国家，两者属于不同的地区，因此不需
9、要other 一词，any country 指的是“非洲地区的任何一个国家”。）,10.“no+比较级+than”对两个比较对象都否定,既：neithernor的改写句型“既不,也不”e.g.Im no more foolish than you.我们俩都不傻。(相当于Neither I nor you are foolish.)John is no better than Tom.=John is as bad as Tom.He is no more a teacher than we are.(我们不是教师，他也不是。)This book is no more interesting t
10、han that one.这本书和那本书都没有趣。,11.“形容词A比较级+than+形容词B”，意为：与其说是B倒不如说是A,e.g.Jack is much harder than clever.与其说杰克聪明，倒不如说他学习用功。He is more like a friend than a teacher.与其说他是个老师，还不如说是个朋友。,12.would ratherthan,prefertorather than do：“宁愿而不愿；喜欢胜过；宁愿做而不愿做”,e.g.She would rather die than give in.她宁死不屈。He preferred to
11、 go out rather than stay home.他宁愿出去也不愿呆在家里。,13.“The+比较级，the+比较级”：“越，越”,e.g.The more difficult the questions are,the less likely he is able to answer them.问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。,14.“as+adj/adv+as”:“A和B一样”not so(as)+adj/adv+as”：“A和B不一样”,e.g.My computer is as expensive as yours.我的电脑和你的（电脑）一样贵重。My computer
12、is not so(as)expensive as yours.我的电脑不如你的（电脑）贵重。,15.“what”也可以表示“同级别比较”关系，,e.g.Air is to man what water is to fish.Men fear death what children fear dark.有时也可以用“as”:e.g.Man is inclined to do evil as(what)water is inclined to flow down.,16.倍数表达法,1.A be 倍数 as 形容词原级 as B.e.g.I am five times as old as my
13、daughter.This tree is three times as tall as that one.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。His father is twice as old as he.他父亲的年纪有他两倍大。,2.A be 倍数 比较级 than B e.g.I am four times older than my daughter.我的年龄是我女儿的五倍。The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River.长江差不多比珠江长两倍。The dictionary is exactly five times m
14、ore expensive than that one.这本字典比那本恰好贵5倍。,3.“A be 倍数 the 计量词 of B”e.g.The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。4.The 计量词 of A be 倍数 that of B e.g.The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one.新扩建的广场为以前的四倍大。,5.其它 Im twice/double his age.我的年龄是他的两倍。Ive paid five times the usual price for the stamp.我出了5倍于往常的价格买这枚邮票。The average income of the staff has been increased by 50 percent compared with last year.与去年相比，该单位职工的收入增加了50%.The price of TVs are twofold down over these years.(twofold:adj.两部分的,双重的)近几年来，电视机的价格下降了两倍。,
