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1、语法部分,第二讲 数词和主谓一致,一、主谓一致,谓语受主语支配，需在人称和数上和主语保持一致。处理主谓一致问题可依据三项原则：1.语法一致:主语为单数形式，谓语用单数；主语是复数形式，谓语用复数。名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句等充当主语时，一般适用语法一致原则。如：(1)The boy is clever enough to learn mathematics well.(2)All the students are listening to their teacher attentively.(3)Collecting stamps gives me pleasure and better
2、s my understanding of the world as well.(4)What you do is different from what you say.,2.意义一致:有时要从意义着眼处理主谓一致问题。数学算式、集合名词、疑问代词、“the+形容词”充当主语时，一般适用意义一致原则。(1)Five pound is quite enough for you to buy a radio or a walkman，something like that.(2)His family was going to have a long journey，but on the day
3、when they were supposed to set off，some family were ill，so they had to cancel the plan.3.就近一致：谓语的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。当not only.but also.，or,either.or.，neither.nor.，not.but.，whether.or.等连词连接两个主语时、在there be 句型中、以及在倒装句中，一般适用就近一致原则。如：,He didn，t say whether some English novels or an English dictionary was wan
4、ted.Not only you but also he is to blame.温馨提示：1.a number of+名词复数+动词复数形式;the number of+名词单/复数+动词单数形式。2.a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，two-thirds of，fifty percent of等短语后接名词做主语时，谓语的数依名词的数而定，即后接不可数名词或名词单数时，谓语用单数，后接名词的复数形式时，谓语用复数。3.one and a half+名词复数+动词单数4.many a+名词单数+动词单数,5.every+名词单数and every+
5、名词单数+动词单数如：(2008年陕西卷)Every boy and every girl in the area was invited.,二、数词,1.hundred，thousand，million,billion表示确切的数目时，不能加s，如：two hundred students。如果表示不确切的数目，则在后加s，并与of连用。如:hundreds of teachers，thousands of farmers，millions of stars。2.scores of与dozens of都表示概数，意为“数十，许多”，scoresof eggs(许多个鸡蛋)、dozens of
6、 eggs(许多个/一打鸡蛋)都是成立的，但可以说 a score of eggs，不能说 a dozen of eggs。3.年代的表示法有两种。二十世纪八十年代可写成 in the 1980s 或 in the 1980s。,4.“基数词+名词”构成的定语，其中的名词用单数。如：a threemonth baby，an 800word composition.5.序数词前如有the，表顺序，如：the Second World War,the first question;如果序数词前有不定冠词a，则表示“再，又”。如：I，ve failed six times，but I decided to have a seventh try.6.常见的含数词的短语：in twos and threes 三三两两 one or two days没几天；一二天 first of all首先second to none首屈一指，不亚于任何人 one by one一个一个地,ten to one十之八九 one in ten十分之一fifty fifty对半,祝,您,学业有成,
