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1、习语译法,习语是民族语言中的精华。它短小精悍、寓意深刻，具有浓郁的民族文化特色。英语习语可包括成语、谚语、俗语、俚语等，其结构既有短语、又有分句、还有句子。把英语习语译成汉语首先要正确理解其含义，认识其文化特点，注意英汉习语之间的异同，然后运用正确的方法翻译。在准确地传达原习语的意义的同时，还应充分考虑到原文的浓郁民族风格-不同的文化背景、不同的思维方式、不同的文法和表达习惯。,一、英汉习语比较,从形和义的角度来看，英汉习语的异同大体表现在以下四个方面：A.英汉习语形义全同,这类习语为数少，例如：Barking dogs do not bite.吠犬不咬人。Who is contented,e
2、njoys.知足者常乐。Misfortunes never come singly.祸不单行。,It is harder to change human nature than to change rivers and mountains.江山难改，本性难移。Like father,like son.有其父必有其子。More haste,less speed.欲速则不达。,B.英语习语和汉语习语形义部分相同,这类习语比上面一类在数量上要多些，例如：As strong as a horse 力大如牛A lion in the way 拦路虎Talk horse 吹牛Teach a pig to
3、play on a flute 赶鸭子上架,Kill the goose to get the eggs 杀鸡取卵Spend money like water 挥金如土Like a cricket on a hot grill 像热锅上的蚂蚁Laugh off ones head 笑掉牙,C.英汉习语形似义异,这类习语相当多，例如：Pull ones leg 欺骗或戏弄某人（不是：托某人后腿）A walking skeleton皮包骨头的人（不是：行尸走肉）A big fish in a small pond（小地区、范围或团体内的）显赫人物、头面人物（不是：小池塘容不下大鱼）Lock the
4、 stable-door after the horse is stolen 贼去关门(强调为时已晚)不是：亡羊补牢（强调受到损失后想法弥补，以免再受损失。）Eat ones words 承认说错、收回前言（不是：食言）,D.英汉习语形异义似,这类习语相当多，例如：Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.宁为鸡首，不为牛后。Some prefer turnips and others pears.萝卜白菜，各有所爱as lean as a rail 骨瘦如柴（如 直译为瘦得像个横杆，则不符合中国人习惯。）clean hand 两袖
5、清风It was by no means a bed of rose.这决不是安乐窝。He cries wine and sells vinegar.挂羊头，卖狗肉。as pale(or white)as ashes(or sheet or death)面如土色,E.英语习语在汉语中找不到相对应的习语。例如：Childs play 非常容易做的事情Boot is on the other foot 情况完全反了过来Go great guns 生龙活虎地做某事Soft soap 奉承；讨好的言行举止Oil and vinegar 截然不同的东西As fit as fiddle 非常健康,二、英语
6、习语的译法,总的说来，英语习语的译法大致可分为直译、直译加注法、套译、意译、直译加意译、意译加注6种。A.直译 直译不仅能再现原文的意义和语言形式，还能保持其生动形象的比喻和新颖独特的表达手法，让读者体会原习语的风采，同时丰富汉语表达形式。象条条大路通罗马、特洛伊木马等就是通过直译进入汉语语言并成为汉语语言的一部分的。一般说来，英语习语如在形、义上与汉语习语全同或是基本相同的常可采用直译，原习语中的比喻或形象能为汉语读者所接受的有时也可以采用直译。,Time is money.时间就是金钱（比一寸光阴一寸金流行）to trim the sail to the wind 看风使帆Too many
7、 cooks spoil the broth.厨子多了煮坏汤Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水Man proposes,God disposes.谋事在人，成事在天As cunning as a fox像狐狸一样狡猾,B.直译加注法有些习语直译后，仍不能把原意清楚准确地表达出来，就可采用直译加注释法。例如：a bull in a china shop 公牛闯进瓷器店肆意捣乱People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas kiss.人们认为他在那种
8、场合所表演的不过是犹大之吻居心险恶。The favors of Government are like the box of Pandora,with this important difference;that they rarely leave hope at bottom.政府的恩惠如同潘多拉的盒子后患无穷，主要不同之处是：盒底很少留有希望。,C.归化归化译法就是套用汉语成语来翻译英语习语。由于文化背景不同，原文的形象有时不符合中国习俗和汉语习惯，如直译出来寓意就会颇为费解，或原文的形象引起另一种联想，从而影响到原文意思的准确传达，这时大多可以采用归化。英汉习语形异义似时，有时可采用这种
9、译法 注意：切忌滥用归化翻译法。有些英语习语如采用归化法来翻译会损害原意，抹煞了原文的异国文化色彩。这时如能直译就直译，如果直译行不通，就可采用意译法。,All shall be well,Jack shall have Jill.有情人终成眷属。He robs Peter to pay Paul.拆东墙补西墙。Diamonds cut Diamonds.棋逢对手，将遇良才。Pay on the spot and borrow a lot;pay slow and youll get no dough.好借好还，再借不难。,D.意译当直译原文结果会令人为费解或造成误解时，并且在汉语中又找不到合
10、适的同义习语可供归化，还可以采用意译。例如：She likes to rubber-neck.她爱问长问短。start a hare 话离本题to bring down the house 全场喝彩,plain sailing 一帆风顺to show ones clean heels 逃之夭夭to go on a wild goose chase 枉费心机as greedy as a wolf 贪得无厌Every bean has its black.人皆有短处。,翻译英语习语应注意的几个问题,A.准确理解习语，切毋望文生义，弄出笑话来。例如下面几例就是因为理解错了，所以译文不对：（1）Joh
11、n likes to pat himself on the back.约翰喜欢捶自己的背。（正确译法：约翰喜欢自吹。）（2）He kissed the hares foot.他吻了兔子的脚。（正确译法：他迟到了。）（3）Time and tide wait for no man.时光如潮水，不等任何人。（不宜译为时光和潮水不等人。）,B.有些习语有多种译法，哪种译法恰当要视具体语境而定:（1）Take care of the pence,and the pounds will take care of themselves.（金钱）积少自然成多。/小事谨慎，大事自成。（2）One swallo
12、w does not make a summer.一燕不成夏。/轻率推论必成大错。/一关渡过并非万事大吉。（3）Still water runs deep.静水流深。/外表淡漠然而内心深情。/沉默者深谋。,（4）Dont cross the bridge till you get to it.船到桥头自然直/不必担心太早。/不必自寻烦恼。（5）He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好（鼓励）。/不要高兴得太早（警告）。（6）Dont cast out the foul water till you bring in the clean.清水未来，莫泼
13、脏水。/新的不来，旧的莫丢。,Exercises,（1）The governments policy has given a green light to the development of our economy.（2）My uncle Cassidy gives me money!Pigs might fly if they had wings.（3）I ask you before you play your last card and destroy me,to consider where you will be without me.（4）Living in an ivory t
14、ower,Sally had no understanding of politics.,（5）Advice and correction roll off him like water off a ducks back.（6）Ever family is aid to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard.（7）He explained that it was not her fault,but anyhow it was carrying coals to Newcastle to talk to her so.（8）Save your mo
15、uth;the boss will never give you the day off.,（9）She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth.（10）Dont ask Jack to the party.He is such a wet blanket,always talking about the rising prices and unemployment.（11）The weatherman throws a wet blanket on a picnic plans when he forecasts storm.（12）The ref
16、usal of several rich men to give anything in aid of establishing a free public library threw a wet blanket over the project.,（13）The president closed the door to any new suggestions.（14）Helen was much hurt by what Jim said,and she closed the door on Jims attempt to apologize.（15）The soldiers were ar
17、med to the teeth and ready to fight.（16）The students went into the examination room,aimed to the teeth with pens,pencils,rulers,computers and so on.,References,（1）The governments policy has given a green light to the development of our economy.政府的政策为经济发展开了绿灯。（2）My uncle Cassidy gives me money!Pigs m
18、ight fly if they had wings.我的叔叔卡西迪给我钱！要是这是真的，那猪也会长翅膀飞上天了。（3）I ask you before you play your last card and destroy me,to consider where you will be without me.在你们还没有摊出最后一张牌来毁我之前，我请求你们好好想想没有我，你们的地位会怎样。,（4）Living in an ivory tower,Sally had no understanding of politics.萨莉身处象牙塔内，对政治一点也不了解。（5）Advice and c
19、orrection roll off him like water off a ducks back.劝导和惩罚对他好像水过鸭背似的根本不起作用。（6）Ever family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard.俗话说，壁橱里面藏着骷髅，见不得人的事儿家家都有。,（7）He explained that it was not her fault,but anyhow it was carrying coals to Newcastle to talk to her so.他解释说这不是她的过错，可是不管怎样对她说这些话都是
20、多余的。（8）Save your mouth;the boss will never give you the day off.说也无益/不要白费口舌，老板不会准你请假的。（9）She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth.她生长在富贵之家/她是含着金钥匙出生。,（10）Dont ask Jack to the party.He is such a wet blanket,always talking about the rising prices and unemployment.不要让杰克来参加聚会。他是个煞风景的人/他是一个令人扫兴的人，总是
21、爱谈论物价上涨和失业这些话题。（11）The weatherman throws a wet blanket on a picnic plans when he forecasts storm.天气预报员预报有暴风雨，这给野炊计划泼了冷水/这使野炊计划泡汤了/。,（12）The refusal of several rich men to give anything in aid of establishing a free public library threw a wet blanket over the project.几个富人不肯出钱资助，从而使建设一座免费公共图书馆的计划遇到了阻力
22、/被搁浅了。（13）The president closed the door to any new suggestions.总统不接受任何新的提议。（14）Helen was much hurt by what Jim said,and she closed the door on Jims attempt to apologize.海伦听了吉姆的话很伤心，所以她拒绝吉姆的道歉。,（15）The soldiers were armed to the teeth and ready to fight.战士们全副武装，准备战斗。（16）The students went into the examination room,aimed to the teeth with pens,pencils,rulers,computers and so on.同学们带着钢笔、铅笔、尺子、计算器等走进考场，他们个个装备齐全。,
