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1、1,汉语被动意义的表达方式,“为”字结构“茅屋为秋风所破”“被”字式不幸语态“被捕”，“被剥削”，“被压迫”，“被杀”“让”、”给”、”叫”、“挨”、“受”、“遭”、“蒙”庄稼让大水冲跑了。The crops were washed away by the flood.这股敌人全给游击队消灭了。The whole horde of enemy soldiers was wiped out by the guerrillas.,2,“是的”表示静态的句子 这些产品是我国制造的。“的是”推荐我的是一位教授。“加以/予以”组成倒置的宾语结构。,3,使用受事主语大量的“当然被动句”困难克服了，工作完成
2、了，问题也解决了。The difficulties have been overcome,the work has been finished and the problem solved.,4,被动语态的翻译,5,翻译方法,翻译成汉语的主动句“加以”,“经过”,“用来”增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语主语译成宾语翻译成汉语的无主句翻译成带表语的主动句“是的译成汉语的被动语态汉语句中有“被”、“遭受”等词译成“为所”的结构 译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句,6,翻译成汉语的主动句“加以”,“经过”,“用来”Otherquestionswillbediscussedbriefly.Nucle
3、arpowersdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation.,核能对健康、安全,甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词辐射来概括。,7,2.增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheexperiencesofthechildinhisfirstyearslargelydeterminehischaracterandlaterpersonality.,人们普遍认为,孩子们的早年经历在很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未来的人品。,8,Itcouldbe
4、arguedthattheradioperformsthisserviceaswell,butontelevisioneverythingismuchmoreliving,muchmorereal.,可能有人会指出,无线电广播同样也能做到这一点,但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。,9,Itisassertedthat有人主张 Itisbelievedthat有人认为 Itisgenerallyconsideredthat大家(一般人)认为 Itiswellknownthat大家知道(众所周知)Itwillbesaid有人会说 Itwastoldthat有人曾经说,10,3.主语译成宾语B
5、ytheendofthewar,800peoplehadbeensavedbytheorganization,butatacostof200BelgianandFrenchlives.,这个组织拯救了八百人，,大战结束时,但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的（但二百多比利时人和法国人却为此付出了生命代价)。,11,4.翻译成汉语的无主句 Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinformyoungpeopleespeciallythedreadfulconsequencesoftakingupthehabit of smoking.,应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟的危害,特
6、别是吸上瘾后的可怕后果,12,Newsourceofenergymustbefound,andthiswilltaketime.,Itishopedthat希望 Itisreportedthat据报道 Itissaidthat据说 Itissupposedthat据推测 Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat可以毫不夸张地说 Itmustbeadmittedthat必须承认 Itmustbepointedoutthat必须指出 Itwillbeseenfromthisthat由此可见,13,5.翻译成带表语的主动句“是的”Thedecisiontoat
7、tackwasnottakenlightly.,进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。,In the old society，women were looked down upon.,在旧社会，妇女们是受歧视的。,14,译成汉语的被动语态。“被”,“给”,“遭”,“挨”,“为所”,“使”,“由”,“受到”等表示。Earlyfiresontheearthwerecertainlycausedbynature,notbyMan.地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。,The window pane was broken by the child.,窗上玻璃被这小孩打碎了,15,I was so imp
8、ressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card.,我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞卡上了。,16,译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句 The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.,大火使这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁坏。,The plan is going to be examined first by the research group。,计划将先由研究小组加以研究。,17,Microsoft chairman Bill
9、Gates is inundated with up to four million e-mails a day-most of them junk.,微软总裁比尔盖茨现在每天都被淹没在多达四百万封电子邮件中，其中绝大多数都是垃圾邮件。,inundate:to cover with water,especially floodwaters（淹没）,18,The English language is being destroyed by a deadly virus of management speak which has infected the mouths and minds of p
10、oliticians like Tony Blair and George W.Bush,a leading UK journalist said recently.,最近，一位英国资深记者说，英语正在遭到一种“官腔语言的致命病毒”的侵害，这种病毒已经感染了许多政治家的谈吐和思想，其中包括托尼布莱尔和乔治布什。,19,Palestinian Authority President Yasser Arafat,75,the leader who passionately sought a homeland for his people but was seen by many Israelis
11、as a ruthless terrorist and a roadblock to peace,died early Thursday in Paris.,75岁的巴勒斯坦民族权力机构主席阿拉法特于本周四（11月11日）凌晨逝世。他用满腔热血为巴勒斯坦人民寻找一个家园，但很多以色列人却把他视为冷酷无情的恐怖分子和通往和平的路障。,20,Arafat had been sick with an unknown illness that had been variously described as the flu,a stomach virus or gallstones.,阿拉法特一直身患某
12、种不知名的疾病，关于他的症状有多种描述：流感、胃病毒感染和胆结石等。,21,In 1994,Arafat was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize,along with Israeli leaders Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres,for their work on the Oslo accords,seen at the time as a breakthrough toward an independent Palestinian state and a permanent peace with Israel.,1994年，阿拉法特
13、和以色列领导人伊扎克拉宾和希蒙佩雷斯共同获得了诺贝尔奖，他们为签署“奥斯陆协议”所做的努力在当时被视作通往一个独立的巴勒斯坦国、实现巴以永久和平的“重大突破”,22,P106,As a result of the productivity survey carried out in the factory,more rapid and more efficient ways of operation are now being applied.由于我厂进行了生产率的检查，促使厂内（全厂）普遍采取了更迅速有效的操作（管理）方法。,23,In the factory,productivity ha
14、s been increased by over 50 percent.The management intends to apply these same methods to office staff in order to reduce costs.现在，我厂的生产率已经提高了百分之五十以上。经理部（管理部门）拟在办公室职工中开展同样的查制度以降低成本。,24,Our company must adapt in a competitive world.We aim to find ways of avoiding unnecessary actions by all stall.为了适应
15、外部环境的激烈竞争，我们的意图是（将）寻求减少不必要的工作环节的方法。,25,We therefore propose to pay a months extra salary to any person who in the managements opinion has put forward the more practical suggestion to improve a particular office routine.经理部鼓励职工提出改进办公室工作常规的建议，并将给与提出最切实可行的建议者一个月额外的嘉奖。,26,All suggestions should be sent
16、to the Managing Directors office before the end of next month.请予下月底前将建议提交总经理办公室。,27,Exercise,Bankers drafts drawn by one branch on the Head office or another branch are not cheques,because the Head Office and all the branches are considered to be one institution,whereas the drawer and drawee must be
17、 distinct parties.All commercial papers went for collection must be accompanied by a remittance letter giving complete and precise instruction.,28,As most countries are vigorously promoting exports and also because of the tremendous growth of multinational corporations,the international market,in mo
18、st instances,is characterized by intense competition on an extensive scale.The financial information provided by an accounting system is needed by managerial decision makers to help them plan and control the activities of the economic entity.,29,If a letter of credit is not used by the beneficiary,i
19、t may be returned to the applicant for cancellation.You are requested to look into the matter and give us an early reply.Four major stages in the product life cycle have been identified:introduction,growth,maturity and decline.,30,Partial shipments are allowed,unless the credit specially states otherwise.An irrevocable letter of credit may not be amended or cancelled without the consent of the beneficiary.It is generally agreed that organizations with effective managers will likely be successful,whereas organizations with poor managers will likely fail.,
