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1、分词作状语,现在分词作状语 过去分词作状语,现在分词作状语,现在分词作状语：时间，条件，伴随方式，原因，结果,1.时间状语：Working in the factory,he learned a lot from the workers.(分词一般式）Having read the letter,she got very excited.（完成式）,注：现在分词作时间,原因状语：如果分词所表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，用现在分词的一般式。如果分词动作明显在谓语之前发生，用现分完成式。,Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.Havin
2、g arrived at the factory,they immediately set to work.,注：在作时间状语的分词前，可加连词while,when，介词after,before,on.Be careful when crossing the street.Dont mention this while talking to him.On arriving in London,he managed to get in touch with her.=As soon as he arrived in London,.,2.现在分词作条件状语：,Working hard,you w
3、ill succeed.Turning to the left,you will find the path leading to the site.,3.现在分词作伴随方式状语：,She came running towards me.The children ran out of the room,laughing and talking merrily.They stood there for an hour,watching the game.She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.Traveling by jeep,we visited a n
4、umber of cities.Following the guide,they started to climb.,4.现在分词作原因状语：,Seeing nobody at home,she decided to leave them a note.Not knowing her address,we couldnt get in touch with her.Being so poor in those days,we couldnt afford to send the boy to hospital.注：Having worked among the peasants for man
5、y years,he knew them very well.（分词完成式的肯定式）Not having received an answer,he decided to write another letter.（分完否）,5.现在分词作结果状语：（多用于句尾）,Her husband died in 1942,leaving her with five children.The bus was held up by snowstorm,thus causing the delay.,He was caught in the rain,thus making himself catch co
6、ld.,I hurried to school,only to find that it was Sunday.,Note:现在分词表示必然结果，前可加thus,不定式表意外的结果，前可加only.,Note:在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,如不一致则要加上它自己逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为:,独 立主格 结 构,I.名词普通格（代词主格）+现在分词,1.The Night coming on,they started for home.2.The last bus having gone,he had to walk home.3.Time permitting,
7、we are going to climb the mountain tomorrow.4.They are talking with the teacher,their children playing outside.5.It raining,I went to work with an umbrella.,II.名词普通格（代词主格）+过去分词,1.His tea finished,he went on with his work.（时间）2.His homework done,he went to watch the game.3.His leg badly hurt,he had t
8、o be sent to hospital.（原因）4.The report read,discussion began.,III.名词普通格（代词主格）+(being)+adj.(adv./prep-phrase/n./to do),1.Everything(being)ready,they started out.2.The meeting(being)over,we all left the hall.3.WuSong beat the tiger to death,two fists(being)his only weapon.4.Gun in hand,the soldiers ra
9、n up the hill.5.Here are the first two volumes,the third one to come out next month.,巩固练习,1.The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing2.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,_ that he had en
10、joyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added3.European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make,4._ up at his father,he asked what was the matter with him.A.Having looked B.Looking C.To look D.Look5._ from his cloth
11、es,he is not so poor.A.Judged B.Judging C.To judge D.Having judged6._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.SufferingC.To suffer D.Suffered,过去分词作状语,1.-ed分词短语做状语可表示_等意义。这种-ed分词状语相当于一个_，若-ed分词作状语，句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成_，即是该分词动作的承受者。,时间、地点、原因、,条件、让步、伴随,
12、时间、地点、原因、条件、,让步等状语从句,动宾关系,表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词_来强调时间概念。如：,从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。_,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.,Seenfromthetopofthehill,入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。_,hedecidedtodevotehislifetothecauseof theParty.,AcceptedbytheParty,when或while,When it is seen from the top of the hill,After he was accepted by t
13、he party,表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：,他们看了那部电影深受感动,都哭了。_,they all cried.身边围着一群年轻人,老人感到很高兴。_,the old man felt happy.,Greatly moved by the film,Surrounded by a group of young people,As they were greatly moved by the film,As he was surrounded by a group of young people,表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如：,再给他一次机会，他会
14、做得更好。_和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。_,youshouldmakegreatereffortstostudyEnglish.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。_,watercanbeturnedintosteam.,Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.,Comparedwithyourbrother,Ifheated,表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：,尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。,_,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.,Exhaustedbytherunning,
15、尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。_,Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.,表方式或伴随情况。如：,训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。,The trainer appeared,_.,followed by six little dogs,他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。,He walked up and down the room,_.,lost in thought,那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。,Theoldmanwentintotheroom,_.,supportedbyhiswife,我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。,
16、_,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.,Seatedatthetable,2.-ed分词（短语）作状语时，也可在其前面加上连词_等，以便明确作何种状语。,虽然输了，但我们并没有泄气。,_(=_),we were not discouraged.,Though beaten,一旦尝过一次，这道菜的美味就难以让人忘怀。,_(=_),the dish is hard to forget.,Once tested,Though we were beaten,Once it is tasted,哪里发现老鼠，就在哪里把它消灭。,Rats should be wiped
17、out _(=_).,where found,where they are found,3.过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别在于:过去分词与句子主语构成_,而现在分词与句子主语构成_。判断正确：（T/F）Seeing in this light,the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.Seen in this light,the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.,动宾关系,主谓关系,F,T,()1._ more attention,the tr
18、ee could have grown better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given.()2.The computer center,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school(A.open B.openingC.having opened D.opened,A,D,练习：,Practice,()3._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lo
19、st D.To lose,C,()4._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered,A,()5.The researcher is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun,D,()6._ in 1636,Harvard is
20、one of the most famous universities in the United States.A.Being founded B.It was founded C.Founded D.Founding,C,()7.When _,the museum will be open to the public next year.A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completed,A,()8.Dont use words,expressions,or phrases _ only to people with s
21、pecific knowledge.A.being known B.having been known C.to be known D.known,D,()9.Unless _ to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.A.invited B.invitingC.being invited D.having invited,A,()10.Friendship is like money:easier made than _.A.kept B.to be kept C.keeping D.having kept,A,()11._ time,hell make a first-class tennis player.A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given,D,Homework,Review the grammar.Finish the exercises in using Words and Expressions.,
