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1、Unit 3Reading A,diagram,图解，示意图,I often draw diagrams with computers.,railway,铁路,operate,操作，使运行,operate railways,Computers can operate railways.,fly,驾驶，操纵,fly a plane/spaceship,type,打字，键入,She is typing.,judge,法官，审判官,引起 使出现,引起/出现一个问题,raise,raise a question,Language points,Hardly/ever hardly是具有否定意义的副词，
2、位于实义动词前，意思是“几乎不；几乎没有”，hardly ever是一个常用短语，意思是“几乎从不；很少；难得”。hardly 修饰动词时,通常放在be动词，助动词,情态动词之后,实义 动词之前。如：Kate很少玩电脑游戏。,Kate hardly ever plays computer games.,life lives的原形是life，复数形式读作lives/laivz/。life 是一个多义词，在不同的 意思中，它可以是可数名词，也可以是不 可数名词，当泛指生活或生命时，它属于不 可数名词。指生活；她享受着城市生活。（这里是不可数名词）,She enjoys the city life
3、very much.,Will we have nothing to do?我们没有事情可做了吗？动词不定式to do 在句中作宾语补足语。如：昨天我借了许多书来读。,I borrowed a lot of books to read yesterday.,Reading B,Reading B,Language points(重点句型),It is essential for these people not to make mistakes.It is(not)to do sth肯定形式：It is+adj.+to do sth.做某事是.的 否定形式：It is+adj.+not to
4、do sth.不要做某事是.的,肯定形式 It is+adj.+to do sthIt is good for us to do morning exercises every day.否定形式 It is+adj.+not to do sth在图书馆不要大声讲话是有礼貌的行为。,每天做早操是有好处的。,It is _for us _ in the library.,not to speak loudly,polite,need（1）need是实义动词，意为“需要”。need的后面常跟名词，动词不定式，如：(1)Do you need some help?（跟名词）(2)We need to
5、understand each other.（跟动词不定式）,A computer needs different programs to do different jobs.,（2）“need”-情态动词:need+do e.g.1You need do it again 你需要再做一次。2He neednt worry about it这件事他无需担心。3Need he do this homework first？他需要先做这些作业吗？,need作为情态动词时,一般用在否定句与疑问句中.“need”的用法与其他情态动词“can”，“may”，“must”的用法基本相同：没有时态人称变化。
6、,Does he need to study hard?2.He needed to study hard.3.Need he study hard?4.He doesnt need to study hard.He neednt study hard.,实义动词,实义动词,情态动词,实义动词,情态动词,判断“need”是实义动词还是情态动词？,to(为了)动词不定式表示“为了达到目的”，这是英语句子常见的句型，如：To get there quickly,we went there by air.为了尽快到达，我们乘飞机去那里。为了按时完成工作，我叫我的朋友们帮忙。,To write a p
7、rogram,people need to know this language.,To finish the work in time,I asked my friends to help me.,even(甚至)even可以放在主语，谓语，状语等成份的前面，当even修饰形容词或副词时，形容词或副词要用比较级，表示“更加，比还要”，是一个程度副词，如：我感觉比昨天还要好。这条裙子比那条更加贵。,I feel even better than yesterday.,The dress was even more expensive than that one.,Language,形容词的比较
8、级和最高级,英语中，大多数形容词都具有原级，比较级和最高级三种等级形式。比较级和最高级又分为规则变化和不规则变化两种，其中只有少数形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。,1规则变化：一般单音节形容词的比较级和最高级多为原级+er/est 构成。如：,.以不发音e结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级多为原级+r/st 构成，如：,.以y结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级多为原级改y为I+er/est 构成，如：,.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节形容词的比较级和最高级为原级双写最后一个辅音字母+er/est 构成，如：,.少数双音节，三音节或更多音节的形容词成比较级和最高级时，须用more/most
9、+原级的形式，如：,2.不规则变化：少数不规则形容的比较级和最高级：,C 形容词比较级和最高级的特殊变化,A few adjectives are irregular:good better best bad worse worst many more most much more most far farther/further farthest/furthest little less least few fewer fewest,形容词的其他用法,形容词原级的用法：肯定：as+形容词原级+as“和/像一样”否定：not so/as+形容词原级+as“不像一样”,Lucy和Lily的年纪一
10、样大。,Lucy is as old as Lily.,我的自行车不像你的那样昂贵。,My bike is not so/as expensive as yours.,形容词的其他用法,形容词比较级的用法：（1）比较级+比较级“越来越”（2）the+比较级，the+比较级“越就越“,天气变得越来越热。,Its getting hotter and hotter.,你越努力学习，你的英语就会越好。,The harder you study,the better your English will be.,形容词的其他用法,形容词最高级的用法用在三者（以上）之间做比较one of the+最高级+
11、名词复数“最的其中之一”,常用of，in 等介词表示范围。,长城是世界上最著名的名胜之一。,The Great Wall is one of the most famous places of interest in the world.,Unit 4 Reading A,Historical stories,Wooden Horse Trick,木马计,Trick,n.计谋,guard,n.保卫,Trick,main gate,n.大门,pull/drag,v.拉；拽,prisoner,n.犯人,rope,n.绳索,celebrate,v.庆祝,celebration,n.庆祝,n.城市,c
12、itizen,n.公民；市民,city,square,n.广场,It was too big for them to take with them.,too+形容词+to do sth“太以至于不能”这男孩太小，还不能驾车。The boy is too young to drive a car.,They sang and danced around the horse and make jokes about the stupid Greeks.,make jokes about sb/sth“拿某人/某事开玩笑”，也可以写成make a joke about 他现在不高兴，别拿他开玩笑。H
13、e is unhappy now.Dont make jokes about her.,The Greek soldiers inside the wooden horse waited for another hour,to be sure.,to be sure 在这里作目的状语，解释士兵等待的目的。表示“为慎重起见,足够把握”。他肯定是个好人。He is a good man,to be sure.,The army entered the city,seized the captain and dragged him away,along with many other prisone
14、rs.,along with 意思是“与同样地，一齐”Jane与她女儿一起来向我们道谢。Jane came to thank us,along with her daughter.,In one night,they succeeded in capturing it with a trick.,succeed in+doing sth 意为“成功做了某事”,Crown-maker in prison!,reading B,crown n.皇冠,crown-maker n.制造皇冠的人,kingdom n.王国,palace n.皇宫,slave n.奴隶,object n.物件,object
15、 n.物件,kilogram n.千克，公斤,silver n.银,Is the crown made completely of gold?,be made of 由构成(看得出原材料)be made from 由构成(看不出原材料)这些桌子是由木头制成的。The tables are made of wood.纸张是由木头制成的。Paper is made from wood.,Language,结构：肯定：have/has+动词过去分词否定：havent/hasnt+done 一般疑问：Have/Has+主语+done,2.现在完成时,表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造的影响或结果。常与
16、下列状语连用：already(多用于肯定句）,yet(用于否定句或疑问句),never(多用于否定句),ever(多用于疑问句，问初次经历),before(一般位于句末)。,用 法,现在完成时具体的用法,表示从过去某一时间持续到说话时为止的动作或者状态，常与“for+一段时间”或者“since+某个时间”等时间状语连用，如：我们学习英语已经8年了。We have already learnt English for eight years.(现在仍然在学。)表示从过去某个时间到说话时这一过程中动作发生的次数的总和，如：我去过北京两次。I have been to Beijing twice.,have/has been to 表示“去过（某地）”人已回来 have/has been in 表示已去，并且还在那里。have/has gone to 表示“已去（某地）”表示人已离开，不在说话现场。,have/has been与 have/has gone的区别,He _ the USA.He _ the USA twice.He _ the USA for two years.,has gone to,has been to,has been in,
