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1、高考题型专题复习,许艳平,单 项 填 空 题,命题特征,命题手段,解题技巧,命题要点,专题练习,单 项 填 空 的 命 题 特 征,知识覆盖面广语境地位突出交际性原则明确试题题干新颖迷惑性较大灵活性较高,单项填空的命题要点,连词、代词形容词、副词 介词搭配 惯用短语短语动词情态动词 动词语态句子结构 动词时态非谓语动词,1 设置干扰2 思维定势3 汉英差异4 形近义近词5 创设语境,命题常用手段,一.设置干扰 命题者有意把句子结构复杂化,题干以倒装句，被动句，疑问句，省略句，或在句中加入插入语、使用强调句、从句、标点符号等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，来增加试题难度。,1.To all o
2、f you _ the honor for the success（倒装句）Abelongs to Bbelong to Cbelongs Dbelong,2.Time should be made good use of _our lessons well.（被动句）A.learningB.learned C.to learnD.learns,C,C,分析：倒装句，还原后为：The honor for the success _ all of you.,分析：将题干改写为主动句，则为We should make good use of time _our lesson well.,3.Wha
3、t made her mother so angry?_the exam.（省略）A.Because she did not passB.Her not passing C.She did not passD.Because her not passing,B,4.Is this museum _ you visited?（疑问句）A.that B.what C.which D./,B,分析；将题干改写为：_the exam made her mother so angry.,分析；将题干改写为：This museum is_you visited.,将不熟悉的省略句、疑问句、倒装句、被动句、
4、等还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将多余的部分删除。,解题技巧（一）还原法,5.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_，of course,made the others unhappy.(插入语)A.who B.which C.this D.what,B,分析：Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_（of course,）made the others unhappy.A.who B.which C.this D.wha
5、t,6.The person we spoke to _no answer at first.（定从）A.makeB.making C.makes D.made,D,分析：The person（we spoke to）_ no answer at first.,7.The officer gave orders that anyone _a gun should be reported to the police station.A saw take B.seen taking C.seeing take D.seen taken,B,对于含有插入语或从句的复杂句子，如果不考查此部分，首先应分
6、析语境及句子结构，找出并在省略插入语或去掉与选项不相关从句或短语的情况下，重新分析句子结构，复杂的句子结构就简单了；如果考察此部分，也缩小了语境。,解题技巧（二）省略法,8.The young mother saw her baby fall to the ground;_ brought her heart to her mouth.（标点符号）A.this B.which C.and that D.that,D,对于复杂长句子，先划分主、从句，理清主句结构，确定试题考察哪部分，特别要注意标点符号的作用。,解题技巧（三）结构法,二.思维定势 利用思维定势的影响来设题，这是最容易让我们上当的题
7、。因为我们背记了许多语法规则，词汇，词的固定搭配和句子结构等，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则，结构和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思时就作出了选择，结果当然出错。,9.Im sorry I cant help _ the floor of the classroom.A.sweeping B.swept C.to sweep D.to sweeping,C,10.Madame Curie，for _ life had once been very hard，was successful later A.whom B.which C.whose D.that,A,11.Do you
8、have any idea of the reason _he referred to？Athat Bwhere Cwhy Dwhen,A,正确理解句意，避免定势思维。在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思维定势的干扰。,解题技巧,三.汉英差异 英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，命题者常利用汉英差异出题。如汉语的“参加”在许多情况下都适用，如参加会议，参加考试，参加解放军等，而在英语中则因不同的宾语用不同的动词，如:take part in the celebration,attend a meeting,join t
9、he army,take an exam,join in a discussion 例如：,12.Its getting late.Im afraid I must be going now.-OK._.（2004全国卷）Take it easy B.Go slowly C.Stay longer D.See you,D,B,13.The population of China is _than that of Russia.A.much more B.much larger C.many more D.many larger,14.Ill come to see you if_.A.your
10、e convenient B.it is convenient for youC.you feel convenient D.it is convenient with you,B,留心英汉表达差异,平时要多读多比较多归纳，尽量避免Chinglish。,解题技巧,四.形近义近词 把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项，若我们基础知识掌握不牢就难于区分。例如：,15.Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?Yes.They have better players,so Ithem to win.A.hope B.prefer C.expect
11、D.want,C,16.Id like to buy a housemodern,comfortable,and _ in a quiet neighborhood.（2004福建）Ain all Babove all Cafter all Dat all,B,1）明确词意 所选答案要符合句子意思；2）归纳比较 平时要特别重视收集归纳比较同义词、近义词和相似词的异同，牢记它们的用法。,解题技巧,五.创设语境 命题人在题干中不明确将语言时间或空间背景标示出来，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。例如：,17.Will you please repeat your idea?Certai
12、nly.But I think it certain you _ your attention.A.dont pay B.didnt pay C.werent paying D.arent paying,C,18.Which of those electronic dictionaries do you like most?_.They are both expensive and of little use.A.NoneB.Both C.NeitherD.All,A,1）身临其境，揣摩意图 特别是对付考查时态的试题更要将自己置身于所提供的背景之中，同时注意揣摩命题者的意图 2）认真分析题干里
13、所隐藏的信息,把握上下文的时间隐含、语义信息等线索，还要注意文化差异。,解题技巧,自我检测,2.The letter I have been looking forward to _ at last.A.come B coming C.has come D.came,D,3.Remind him_the window when he leaves.A.of closingB.closing C.to close D.close,C,1.Little Jim is going to spend his holiday in Paris,_ lives his uncle.A.which B.wh
14、o C.where D.that,C,4.Whom would you rather_with you,Jim or Jack?A.have go B.have to go C.have gone D.has to go,A,5.His sister left home in 1998,and _since.A.had not been heard of B.has not been heard of C.had not heard of D.has not heard of,B,6.Bruce,I really appreciate your handwriting.-_.（09福建）A.I
15、 practice every day B.Thank you very much C.No,I dont think so D.Well,its not good enough,B,7.I think_,though I could be mistaken,he liked me.A.who B.which C.that D.what,C,9.It is partly_ the summer day is longer that everything has a larger time to warm up.A.for B.that C.the reason D.because,D,8.We
16、 keep in touch _ writing often.A.with B.of C.on D.by,D,11.When I talked with my grandma on the phone,she sounded weak,but by the time we _up,her voice had been full of life.（09北京）A.were hanging B.had hung C.hung D.would hang,C,10.If a northerner lives in south,he will probably feel that _.A.he doesn
17、t agree to the climate there.B.the climate doesnt agree with him.C.he cant agree with the climate there D.the climate doesnt agree to him.,B,13.The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.（09江西）A.what B.which C.that D.though,C,12.-I hope you enjoyed the
18、 film last night.-How on earth do you know I went to a film?I _ you.A.wont tell B.didnt tell C.havent told D.hadnt told,B,14.I tried phoning her office,but I couldnt _.A.get along B.get on C.get to D.get through,D,15.-Is there any possiblity_ you could pick me up at the airport?-No problem.A.when B.
19、that C.whether D.what,B,16.The little girl who got lost decided toremain_ she was and wait for mother.A.where B.what C.how D.who,17.-Mum,is the pair of gloves_mine?-Yes.You have to wear another pair.A.washing B.have washed C.having washed D.being washed,A,D,18.Im trying to break the _of getting up t
20、oo late.A.tradition B.convenience C.habit D.leisure,C,19.The factory produced many famous cars,none of_shipped to foreign countries.A.them B.which C.it D.what,A,20.The house I grow up_has been takendown and replaced by an office building.A.in it B.in C.in that D.in which,B,21.Sometimes we are asked
21、_ the likely result of an action wil be.A.that we think B what do we think C.what we think D.that what we think,C,22.-I would like to buy an expensive camera.-Well,we have several models_.A.To choose from B to choose C to be chosen D for choice,D,24.The Us/UK war against Iraq and the suffering_cause
22、d have become a big concern all over the world.A.what B.which C.it D./,C,23._a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.（09安徽）A.It has B.They have C.It remains D.There remains,D,25.He_to the meeting.Have you informed him of it?Sorry.I_to.A.hasnt come;am goingB.didnt co
23、me;have forgottenC.hasnt come;forgotD.doesnt come;will have,C,26.-I wonder how much you charge for your services.-The first two are free_the third costs$30.A.while B.until C.when D.before,A,27.But for the help of my English teacher,I_the first prize in the English Writing Competition.（09福建）A.would n
24、ot win B.would not have won C.would win D.would have won,B,28.While watching television,_.A.the doorbell rang B.the doorbell ringsC.we heard the doorbell ringD.we heard the doorbell rings,C,29.They werent a particularly good team,but they refused to give in and _ defeat.A.accept B.accepted C.accepti
25、ng D.to have accepted,A,30.He made up his mind to devote his life _ pollution _ happily.A.to prevent,to live B.to prevent,from livingC.to preventing,to live D.to preventing,living,C,31.-Its thirty years since we last met.-But I still remember the story,believe it or not,_ we got lost on a rainy nigh
26、t.(四川）A.which B.that C.what D.when,B,32.-I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.-_good.（湖北）A.Sound B.Sounded C.Sounding D.Sounds,D,33.Not far from the club there was a garden,_ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon.A.whose B.its C.which D.that,B,34.-She re
27、ally sings perfectly.-Yes,I have never heard _ voice.A.a good B.a better C.a best D.the best,B,35.The officer gave orders that anyone _a gun should be reported to the police station.A saw take B.seen taking C.seeing take D.seen taken,B,36.East of the lake_two hotels.A.have B.has C.is D.are,D,【学法导航】英语试题中单项选择题主要考查词法、句法、习惯用语、英语会话和词语辨析等内容。该题覆盖面宽，是一个多功能的考试题。因此考生在复习备考中要扎扎实实地把基本语言知识的基础打牢，在老师的引导下系统地复习双基知识。在复习中要学会归纳总结，要发现语言运用的规律；在辨析中弄清同义词和近义词的比较；在训练中养成良好的正确的思维方式和良好的做题习惯；在做题中形成符合自己实际的做题技巧，如考生答该题时，一要加强对各选项的比较和筛选，二要切中语义，把握语境，全力捕捉题干信息。,
