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1、,可持续社区整合系统Steve Kellenberg总裁，易道尔湾办公室Integrated Systems Approach for Sustainable Communities Steve KellenbergPrincipal,EDAW(Irvine,US),系统整合的思维方式Integrated Whole Systems Thinking,生态资源 Ecological Resources能源 Energy交通 Transportation绿色建筑 Green Building水 Water社会/文化 Socio/Cultural经济 Economic,新建项目 Greenfiel
2、d Projects 适用于20多英亩到10,000多英亩的社区scalable from 20+acres to large 10,000 acre+communities,已有社区Existing Communities气候变化应对策略规划Climate Change Strategic Plans生态效率推动计划Eco-Efficiency Initiatives邻里、城镇、市区和城市Neighborhoods,Towns,Downtowns,Cities,褐色土地和再开发Brownfields&Redev填入式再开发Infill Redevelopments,环境报告Environme
3、ntal Documentation环境影响评估Environmental Impact Assessment提供应对气候变化的新方式Support new scopes on Climate Change,可持续发展整合模型(SSIM)Sustainable Systems Integration Model(SSIM),第一步：社区框架优化Stage One:Community Framework Optimization,SSIM GIS界面SSIM GIS Interface,利用自动化模型和整合技术Using Automated Models and Integrated Techn
4、ologies,概念绘制Draw Concept,将规划方案输入SSIMFeed Land Program to SSIM,得到模型结果Get SSIM Results,运行生成模型和城市形态分析模型，并生成土地规划方案Run Yield Model,Urban Form Analysis Model&Generate Land Program,SSIM GIS界面SSIM GIS Interface,方案 1Scheme 1,方案 3Scheme 3,方案 2Scheme 2,Plan Comparison,Sustainability Indicators,Plan Comparison,
5、Sustainability Indicators,Plan Comparison,Sustainability Indicators,Plan Comparison,Sustainability Indicators,Plan Comparison,Sustainability Indicators,Tabular Outputs,SSIM GIS界面：指标输出SSIM GIS Interface:Indicator Outputs,基础情景概述,第二步：专题项目的优化Stage Two:Core Theme Optimization,专题项目评估Core Themes Evaluated,
6、项目城市形态On-site Urban Form居住区建筑能源Residential Building Energy非居住区建筑能源Non-Residential Building Energy交通Transportation 公共空间能源Public Realm Energy生活用水、雨水和废水Domestic,Storm,Waste Water 城市热岛效应Urban Heat Island Effect生态Ecology独立式可再生能源Freestanding Renewables区域分布式发电系统District Distributed Generation社会文化Socio-Cult
7、ural,低碳项目开发Low Carbon Program Development,初始投资First-Costs,将组合融于总体可持续方案Packages Combined into Master Sustainability Programs,生命周期成本Life Cycle Costs,各个专题项目优化包组合Optimized Packages for Each Core Theme,环境效益Environmental Benefit,市场成本承受力Market Cost Acceptance,生活用水Domestic Water 佳good 优良better 最优best,交通Tran
8、sportation 佳good 优良better 最优best,公共空间Public Realm 佳good 优良better 最优best,可再生能源Renewable Energy 佳good 优良better 最优best,专题项目建模Core Theme Modeling,建筑能源Building Energy 佳good 优良better 最优best,核心和中心Cores and Centers城镇中心Central Town Center多区域核心Multiple District Cores密度Density紧凑设计Compact Design高密度核心区Higher den
9、sity in cores土地利用多样性Diversity of Land Use住宅多样化Broad range of housing工作居住平衡Jobs/housing balance提供本地服务Local service provision,城市形态Urban Form,建筑外围Building Shell门窗幕墙Fenestration中央空调系统效率 HVAC efficiency热水系统Water heating器具Appliances照明Lighting被动式设计Passive design建筑朝向Bldg orientation建筑光电技术On-building PV,建筑能源
10、Building Energy,指标示例 住宅能源Example Measures Residential Energy,基线24法案,佳“能源之星”,优良最优化,最优零排放住宅,外墙,天花板,辐射屏障,窗户U值,空调季节能效等级,膨胀阀,锅炉年度燃料利用效率,管道绝缘程度,管道泄漏率,房屋泄漏率,水体加热器,最优化朝向,太阳热,能源之星家电,紧凑型荧光灯照明,光伏电池板,输出示例 住宅能源Example Outputs Residential Energy,投资回收期,最优,优良,佳,最优,优良,佳,千美元投资的碳排放削减量,公寓,大型独立式住宅,小型独立式住宅,大型独立式住宅,小型独立式住
11、宅,公寓,年,百万吨当量CO2,输出示例 住宅能源Example Outputs Residential Energy,公共场所能源Public Realm Energy,街道照明Street Lighting灯具间隔和光照度Fixture spacing and foot candles光污染削减概念Dark sky conceptsLED选择LED options出行需求管理(TDM)Travel demand management(TDM)停车场工业区Parking Lots/Industrial Areas光照度要求Foot candle requirementsLED选择LED op
12、tions感光和微光照明Photopic vs.Scotopic Lights太阳能风能照明Solar/wind Lighting Options开放空间和公园Open Space and Parks照明级别Lighting levels建筑采用太阳能光板系统PV on structures,土地利用Land Use景观调色板Landscape palettes建筑节水Building Fixtures处理后污水回用Treated sewage effluent reuse雨水回用Stormwater reuse雨水收集Rainwater capture中水回用Gray water reuse
13、,生活用水削减Domestic Water Reduction,输出示例-水Example Outputs-WATER,水和废水,千美元投资的节水量,英亩英尺/年,基于投资增加比例的收益比,地下水开采量,回用水量,废水量,雨水量,英亩英尺,比值,交通Transportation,内部工程措施Internal Project Measures内部通勤Internal shuttles自行车步行设施Bicycle/pedestrian facilities 社区电动车Neighborhood Electric Vehicles(NEVs)出行需求管理Travel demand management
14、(TDM)外部工程措施External Project Measures 协调部门Coordinating entity外部通勤External shuttles区域交通扩展Regional transit extensions外部交通选择External transit options居住雇佣衔接措施Housing/Employment Linkage现场工作居住平衡On-site jobs/housing balance雇员交通补贴Employer proximity subsidy,微观气候工程Micro-Climate Engineering利用植栽进行建筑遮阳Building Sha
15、ding from trees 微观水体湿度和制冷调节Micro-water cooling材料选择Materials selection社区景观Community Landscape公共空间植栽的增加Increased public realm planting综合生物多样性理念Bio-diversity concepts材料选择Materials selection水景降温Water Features for Cooling大尺度降温和水化理念Large scale cooling,城市热岛效应Urban Heat Island,能源和温室气体补偿:可再生和分布式能源Energy and
16、GHG Offsets:Renewable&Distributed Energy,建筑可再生措施On-Building Renewables光伏电池板Photo Voltaic panels热源水供应Thermal hot water 分布式能源Distributed Energy 光伏发电厂Photo Voltaic plants风力发电厂Wind turbine plants热电联产CHP生物质*BioMass沼气*BioGas地热*GeoThermal智慧型电网Smart Grid需求控制技术 Demand Control 高效能分布High efficiency distributio
17、n,第三步：总体方案整合Stage Three:Master Program Synthesis,专题项目指标调整界面Core Themes/Measures Gaming Board,第二步 组合选择,专项,总体组合比较Master Program Comparisons,不同专题项目的碳削减,总体碳排放削减比例,总体组合比较Master Program Comparisons,组合A,组合B,组合C,陆地吸收的碳排放,水体污染物削减,雨水径流削减,用水削减,车辆行驶里程削减,总体碳排放削减,非移动源碳排放,能源削减,与基准情景相比的削减比例,SSIM模型：组合综合比较SSIM Modeli
18、ng:Program Performance,组合效果比较,资源足迹,成本足迹,车辆行驶里程,雨水径流,用水量,碳排放,气体能源,电力能源,SSIM模型：碳排放SSIM Modeling:Carbon Emissions,总体碳排放量,包括移动源,仅包括非移动源,百万吨二氧化碳当量（年）,基准,组合A,组合B,组合C,目标Target,碳足迹定位Carbon Footprint Targeting,碳削减成果和目标,不同组合碳消减,独立风能电厂,独立日光能电厂,碳吸收,Solar Farm,Wind Farm,Forestry(Sequestration),碳足迹定位Carbon Footpr
19、int Targeting,风力发电场,太阳能电场,森林碳吸收,开发成本影响Building Cost Impacts,不同方案的可持续措施的增加成本,联排别墅,低层公寓,低层混合,中层塔楼1,中层塔楼2,零售,工业,低层商业,中层商业,高层商业,混合使用,Increased Cost per Residential Dwelling,Source:EDAW,2008,总结示例Summary Example,Terramor Largest PV Village in US,Windstar,Platinum TriangleAnaheim,CA,SUMMARY70,000 Seat Stad
20、ium1,750 Dwelling Units500 Hotel Rooms275,000 s.f.Retail/Entertainment482,000 s.f.Office73,000 s.f.Performing Arts Center/Museum/Hall of FameApproximately 3,000 new jobs,Mixed-Use/Grocery/Mercantile Location,Office Tower Location,Hotel Location,Performing Arts Center/Museum/Hall of Fame Location,Windstar,Platinum TriangleAnaheim,CA,Windstar,Platinum TriangleAnaheim,CA,Windstar,Platinum TriangleAnaheim,CA,
