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1、英语听力提高,第四讲短对话应对策略,重点主题短语词汇（必备+必背）,Campus life 校园生活（重点）,1 作业词汇：assignmentassigned book(必读书目)paperessays（07-6听写）research report composition 作文,textbook教科书reference book参考书(07-6听写)copy副本be through withsth结束，完成（两次考到）due 到期have sbs hands full with sth 忙于做某事（07-12）,课程形式词汇,Seminar（06-6、07-6-词汇，研讨会）原句：do yo
2、u have the seminar schedule with you?optional/elective course（选修课）evening/day course(晚间/白天课程 09-12词汇)compulsory course（必修课）presentation（多次考到，展示或演示课）,搭配词汇:hardly/barely stay awake（无法保持清醒。三次考到，最新10-6考点)09年以来的一些新课程名称advanced physics(高级物理)data processing(数据处理)computer programming(计算机程序)biology 生物,名称,fre
3、shman sophomorejunior senior(05年考点)graduate(毕业生)undergraduate（在校生，本科生）postgraduate（研究生）tutor(导师)graduate school（研究生院）,Job hunting 求职,job applicant candidate(06-6、08-12 候选人)apply for applicationposition（多次考到。职位）resume(简历，注意发音，多次考到)recruit（连续考到。招聘）reputation(声望。06-6/09-12出现）resign（辞职，多次考到）benefit（福利，两
4、次考到）,paid vacation（带薪假期）social security（美国的社会保险）phased retirement(08-12 阶段性退休)be laid off(解雇 09-12考点)hotel consultant(08-6 酒店咨询)sales manager（08-12 销售经理）administrative work（08-12 行政工作）,2008-6the job will involve much train travel tell me about your present job.2008-12There were about 20 candidates c
5、ompeting for the sales managers job.And finally it was down to three of us,but the other two seemed better qualified.,promotion（09-6/12连续考到）2009-6 I heard about your promotion,you must be thrilled.not really,the new office is huge,but the work load has doubled.2009-12 Arent you disappointed that you
6、 didnt get the promotion?2010-0619.C)It enables him to apply theory to practice 22.A)Getting along well with colleagues,机场（飞机上）重点,1机场地点Security check（安检处）Gate（登机口）Terminal（航站楼）Check-in counter（换票柜台）Customs（海关）,2.机场人物Airhostess/stewardess（空姐）steward（空少）flight attendant（飞机乘务员）3.飞机动作Take off/land（起飞、降落
7、）ascend/descend（上升、下降）postpone/delay/cancel（推迟、延迟、取消）,最近题目例句,（200712）I hope you are packed and ready to leave.I have packed my passport in one of my bags.,餐厅,1点菜：Order menu wine list alcohol steak Fries 2.埋单：Check the bill please!treat split the bill（分开付）go Dutch,酒店 次重点,最新考点（2010-6）washing-up 洗碗工作过往
8、考点（20076/12）reservation（高频词,预定）honeymoon suite（07年6月，蜜月套间）hotel clerk（07年6月词汇，receptionist）discount(07年6月词汇,折扣)free continental breakfast（07年6月词汇，免费欧式早餐）,图书馆 次重点,1.书籍：journal 学术类刊物（08-6）原句：Did you check the pile of the journals you borrowed for the library the other day?(你查过那一摞头几天从图书馆借来的学刊了么？)volume
9、卷current/back issue现/过刊 periodical期刊2.人物：librarian图书管理员,简单的词汇在四级听力中意想不到的含义,Paper在听力考题中，它最常见的含义是：论文。其次是报纸。I was up till 3 this morning writing a paper for my literature class.（论文。2008年12月第17题）What position is being advertised in the paper?(报纸。2007年12月第25题),Treat原始含义为对待，但是听力中更喜欢考“请客”的含义。You treated me
10、 last weekend,now its my turn.(2003年1月第1题)Jam“果酱”不是重点含义，traffic jam(堵车)才是更常见的考点。,Charge1）收费。I have to charge you 150 pounds for one night.（2006年12月第1道长对话原文）2）负责。I am in charge of a team of 8 brokers(经纪人).（2006年6月第1道长对话原文）Present“礼物”的含义早已不是考点。目前喜欢考及物动词“展示，表达和呈现”。另外，变成名词presentation 之后，其含义为演讲和展示，是一种很常
11、见的校园课程形式。Its goals were to educate,share ideas and present Indianas best products.(2007年12月第3篇听力原文),Commercial它的名词含义是“广告”LetI have a room to let.（1998年第10题原文）含义：我有一间房子出租。注意：rent是指租进来，而let是租出去。,短对话做题策略,做题方式：视听反向原则、同义替换原则，第二句话易为考点 核心技巧：1、后句比前句重要，回答比提问重要2、同义词替换（最保险考点）3、关注对话潜在规则 例如东西断货、房间爆满、考试失败、课程作业抱怨、
12、交通工具迟到、邀约失败.,例题一：2009年12月四级考试第16题A)She must have paid a lot for the gym.B)She is known to have a terrific figure.C)Her gym exercise has yielded good results.D)Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.,Woman:Ive been working out the gym since January.I was a bit out of shape.Man:You look terrifi
13、c!It seems that your effort has paid off.Question:What does the man imply about the woman?,解析：可以明显看出，本题的答案为C yielded good results和原文中的your effort has paid off产生了替换作用。其中，类似gym和terrific、efforts等这样明显的词汇是特别需要慎选的，因为这些词汇都在原文中被明显播读过。另外本题目中还包括很多有用的说法：例如terrific figure（魔鬼身材）paid off（发生效果），以及重复考过的out of shape
14、（身材走样）等等。,例二：2008年12月第17题A)She wants to get some sleep.B)She needs time to write a paper.C)She has a literature class to attend.D)She is troubled by her sleep problem.M:How about joining me for a cup of coffee?W:Id love to,but Im exhausted.I was up till 3 this morning writing a paper for my literatu
15、re class.Q:Why does the woman decline the mans invitation?解析：准确答案A。用来替换Im exhausted，同义替换，听到的慎选。,分析选项。因为客观题目的选项设计一般都有其内在的逻辑关系，有些相互印证，有些截然对立，还有些毫不相关，但是至少可以帮助考生提示关键词汇和表达，所以抢时间阅读选项就非常重要。,短对话必考题型,一、事实状况题,一、事实状况题问题是关于谈话的一方或双方说了什么、所处状态、做某事的原因何在、结果如何等。提问方式通常为：What do we learn from this conversation?What doe
16、s the man mean?What can be inferred from the conversation?,此类题型解题技巧,1.根据选项特点判断问题类型。这类题目的选项一般都是某种事实情况的陈述，选项中句子的时态以一般过去时或一般现在时居多。2.正确选项一般不会是原文的细节再现。这类题目往往需要考生根据对话内容推测出说话人话语中隐含的事实细节，因此正确选项往往不是对话中的原文照搬，而是对话内容的同义转述，或是根据对话内容推断出的事实细节。,3.注意捕捉选项中的关键词。听音前应提取选项要点，确定听音时应该捕捉的重点内容。一般某事的原因或结果常为考查重点。4.对选项中及录音中涉及的关键
17、信息进行标记，根据问题对号入座。这类题目涉及的是原文中的细节内容，因而有必要将关键信息点加以记录，然后根据问题确定答案。,【真题示例1】(07-6-13)A The man regrets being absent-minded.B The woman saved the man some trouble.C The man placed the reading list on a desk.D The woman emptied the waste paper basket.M:I wish I hadnt thrown away that reading list!W:I thought
18、you might regret it.Thats why I picked it up from the waste paper basket and left it on the desk.Q:What do we learn from the conversation?,二、行为活动题,问题是关于谈话的一方或双方做过、正在做、准备去做什么，或一方建议另一方去做什么。提问方式通常为：What will the man/woman most probably do?What are the speakers probably going/trying to do?What does the
19、woman suggest doing?,此类题型解题技巧如下：,1.根据选项特点判断题型。一般来说，这类题目的选项都是动词短语形式，且动词一般为原形或动名词形式或不定式。2.听音时留意对话中的动词，尤其注意与选项中动词相关的信息。在留意动词的同时，要记录一些与该动词相关的重要信息，尤其是不止一个选项中的动词在对话中出现的时候，只有留意与其相关的信息，才能根据问题对号入座。,3.注意表示请求或建议的句式或短语。行为活动类试题的对话中经常会包含提出请求或建议的句式或短语，如：Why dont you?What about?Lets;Youd better;If I were you,I woul
20、d;Id like to;You might as well等，这些句式后面的内容有可能就是建议去做或准备去做的行为活动，很可能与答案直接相关，因此听音时需重点留意。,【真题示例2】(06-6)A To find out more about the topic for the seminar.B To make a copy of the schedule for his friend.C To get the seminar schedule for the woman.D To pick up the woman from the library.W:Do you have the se
21、minar schedule with you?Id like to find out the topic for Friday.M:I gave it to my friend,but there should be copies available in the library.I can pick one up for you.Q:What does the man promise to do?,【解析】行为活动题。本题是问男士答应做什么事。选项均以不定式形式开头，表明本题与目的行为有关。注意对话中的pickup不是表示“接(某人)”，而是表示“取(东西)”。由此可知答案为C。,三、观点
22、态度题,问题是关于谈话一方对另一方或第三方的行为、品德、观点等的态度或评价。提问方式通常为：What does the woman/man mean/imply?How does the woman/man feel about.?What does the woman/man think of?,解题技巧,1.根据选项特点判断问题类型。观点态度类试题的选项中一般都含有一些引出观点态度的动词或短语，常见的有：think,believe,find,guess,imagine,consider,as far as I know等。根据这类线索词判断出试题类型以后，可以更有针对地留意说话人对自己观点
23、态度的陈述。,2.熟悉表示观点态度的常见词语。表示赞成：approve,agree,share,prefer,wise,reasonable,favorable表示反对：disapprove,disagree,unwise,ridiculous,foolish,childish表示赞赏：admire，appreciate，think much of,think highly of表示喜欢：love,enjoy,wonderful，fascinating,funny,be fond of,be keen on,表示厌烦：dislike,bored/boring,be tired of表示关心：c
24、oncerned,careful,care about表示怨恨或生气：hate,hatred,angry,anger,initiated，annoyed表示害怕或担心：fearful,frightened,worried,nervous表示批评或讽刺：critical,criticize,ironic，find fault with表示失望或灰心：disappointed,discouraged,表示后悔或遗憾：regret,regretful,pity,shame表示漠然或热情：indifferent,detached,careless,enthusiastic表示积极或消极：active,
25、positive,negative表示自信或自负：confident,arrogant,proud表示乐观或悲观：optimistic,pessimistic,3.抓住对话中的一些标识性的词语。听音时应注意抓住一些表示因果、转折、比较或举例等逻辑关系的标识性的词语，如：but,instead,if,when,since,before,after,so 等，尤其是转折后的内容，往往表达作者的真实观点或态度，常为考查重点。4.把握说话人的语气。听音时应注意通过说话人的语气来判断说话人的态度，尤其是反问、疑问、感叹等语气，往往会明显地体现出说话人的态度或观点。,【真题示例3】(06-6-3)A Th
26、e Edwards are quite well-off.B The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.C Itll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house.D Its too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house.M:How do you like the new physician who replaced Dr.Andrew?W:I hear that the Edwards are thinki
27、ng of buying another house.M:Should they be doing that with all the other expenses they have to pay?Anyhow,they are over 70 now,their present house is not too bad.Q:What does the man imply?,【解析】观点态度题。本题是问男士暗示什么。选项中living expenses(生活开支)和buy another house表明对话应与the Edwards的生活开支和购房计划有关。对话中男士用反问语气(should
28、 they be doing?)表示反对意见They shouldnt be doing(Itll be unwiseto do)。,四、地点场景题,问题是关于对话发生的场合、地点或者涉及到的人或事物所处的位置。提问方式通常为：Where is the conversation most probably taking place?Where are the two speakers?,解题技巧,1.单个地点题：抓住与特定地点相关的常用词语。这类题目的对话中一般不会提到具体场所，问题往往要求根据对话内容推测出谈话场所或某人的去向。考生要注意抓取信息词，即与特定地点相关的最常用词语。2.多个地点
29、题：依赖笔记，留意提问中的核心词。这类题目对话中一般会提到几个地点，而就其中某一个进行提问，解题关键在于区分细节，对与选项相关的细节进行速记，并注意抓住提问中的核心词。,3.熟悉常考的地点。诊所或医院(clinic or hospital)餐馆(restaurant)学校或校园(school or campus)书店(bookstore)火车站(railway station)机场(airport)图书馆(library)邮局(post office)银行(bank)旅馆(hotel),【真题示例4】(新06-6-15)A At a clinic.B In a supermarket.C At
30、 a restaurant.D In an ice-cream shop.M:Ill have the steak,French Fries,and lets see,chocolate ice-cream for dessert.W:Oh-oh,you know these things will ruin your health,too much fat and sugar,how about ordering some vegetables and fruit instead?Q:Where does the conversation most probably take place?,
31、五、谈论话题题,问题是关于对话中所谈论的话题或对象。提问方式通常为：What are they talking about?What are the speakers talking about?,解题技巧,1.根据选项特点判断问题类型。一般来说，这类题目的选项概括性都较强，且通常为短语;另外各选项所陈述的内容往往差别较大。2.捕捉与话题相关的关键词。只要能捕捉到对话中与该话题相关的关键词，往往就可以判断出对话谈论的内容。3.熟悉常考话题相关词语。4.注意不要只从对话一方的话语中寻找答案。双方的话语中应都含有与主题相关的线索词。,【真题示例5】(05-6)A An art museum.B A
32、 beautiful park.C A college campus.D An architectural exhibition.W:Waa,I do like this campus.All the big trees,the green lawns,and the old buildings with tall columns.It is really beautiful.M:It sure is.The architecture of these buildings is in the Greek style.It was popular in the 18th century here
33、.Q:What are the speakers talking about?,六、身份关系题,问题是关于对话中某个人物的职业身份或对话双方的关系等。提问方式通常为：Whats the womans job?What most probably is Mary?What is the probable relationship between the(two)speakers?What is the most probable relationship between Jim and Bob?,解题技巧,1.注意称呼语。对话中的称呼语往往会直接暴露出说话人的身份或说话双方的关系，比如Mr.一词
34、就表明对方很可能是自己的上级或老师。2.捕捉关键词及人物语气。解答这类试题，不但要熟悉体现某种人物关系或某种职业的相关词汇，而且要注意说话人的语气和态度。,3.常考职业身份教授(professor)秘书(secretary)医生(doctor)老板(boss)服务员(waiter/waitress)主人(host/hostess)修理工(repairer,plumber,electrician)家庭角色(husband,wife,son,daughter,girlfriend),4.常考人物关系(husband wife)(father son)(mother son)(teacher stu
35、dent)(schoolmate/classmate)(colleague)(boss secretary)(employer employee)(doctor patient)(waiter/waitresscustomer)(host/hostess guest)(policeman driver)(librarian reader)(landlord/landlady tenant),【真题示例6】(03-1)A Colleagues.B Husband and wife.C Employer and employee.D Mother and son.W:John,what are y
36、ou doing on your computer?Dont you remember your promise?M:This is not a game.Its only a crossword puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary.Q:What is the probable relationship between the speakers?,七、数字信息题,问题涉及到时间、年龄、数量、速度、价格等信息。提问方式通常为：What time did Suzy leave home?How much does one ticket cost?Whe
37、n is the train leaving?,解题技巧,1.速记信息。对话中一般都不会只出现一个数字，因此一定要对出现的数字及相关要点信息进行速记。2.听清问题。做这类题目时，必须清楚地抓住问题是针对什么提问，然后才能根据记录的信息将答案对号入座。3.不要直摄答案。答案一般都不会是原文中数字信息的再现，往往需要经过简单的运算才能得出答案。,【真题示例7】(04-6)A At 10:30.B At 10:25.C At 10:40.D At 10:45.M:So when are the other guys going to get here?The train is leaving in
38、10 minutes.We cant wait here forever.W:Its 10:30 already.Theyre supposed to be here by now.I told everybody to meet here by 10:15.Q:When is the train leaving?,我们的目标是？,短对话一个不错！加油，加油！,she has to post a letter instead she has to turn down the mans request shes not sure if the computer is fixed she cant
39、 send the message right now12.He didnt get the book he needed he had no idea where the book was the library is closed on weekends he was not allowed to check out the book,13.A.play a tape recorder B.take a picture C.repair a typewriter D.start a car14.the woman rejected the mans apologyThe woman app
40、reciated the mans offerThe man had forgotten the whole thingThe man had hurt the womans feelings,15.The woman is meeting the man at the airportThey are complaining about the ooor airport serviceThey are discussing their plan for ChristmasThe man is seeing the woman off,16.She plans to go to graduate
41、 schoolShe will drop out of schoolShe will stop working and concentrate on her studiesShe will take a part-time job.,17.He needs another job as a research assistantHe asks professor Williams for assistanceHe assists professor Williams with his teachingHe is doing research with professor Williams,18.
42、She thought there were no ticket left for the showShe thought the seats on the left side were fully occupiedThe show was planned a long time agoThe audience were deeply impressed by the show,Key words,11.Forward this email,broke down,as soon as I have it fixed12.It closed before I got there.It close
43、s so early on weekends13.The power plug,the play button,the power indicator was on,it was running,the sound didnt come through,14.Im awfully sorry.I didnt mean to hurt you,forget the whole thing,drop it this time15.Airports are sad places,keep in touch,fly over to see you16.Return to job?No,full-time student17.Im working as his teaching assistant18.Im under impression that the tickets were sold out a long time ago.,
