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1、四级不败之翻译宝典,考试的最后一个阶段是翻译，5分钟处理5个句子。,四级试卷上的翻译部分，说其简单无非有三，其一，考题只考查汉译英，没有英译汉。其二，内容单纯，不需要专业理论知识。题目内容既没有高难度的新闻翻译、文学翻译，也不涉及科技经贸翻译中的专业知识，只是一般的短句翻译。第三，名为翻译，实为补全句子，考查语法结构和词组运用知识。每句只涉及15个左右的英语词，需添入的部分也只有3到8个单词。http:/,第一步：通读句子，英汉一起读，理解句意。第二步：利用动词、时间状语等线索，确定句子的时态,确定要考察的关键词或关键语法第三步:利用相应的语法结构或功能连接方式(connectives)将英文
2、词或词组连接起来；,写不出的单词短语换个说法，比如写不出“他向我收费过高”中的“overcharge,charge”，我们可以说“ask me to pay him much more money”。教大家一种“反译”的小技巧第四步:最后，结合待翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与功能，也就是通常说的陷阱(通常是倒装，非谓语动词等)，你别把括号中的内容都翻译对了，但是放在空白处填的时候却忽略了要做相应的变动。,四级的翻译属于综合测试部分，考试时间只有五分钟，占的分值亦微不足道。平心而论，这几道题难度并不高，也就是高中水平的翻译。其实，这种题型根本不配叫翻译，充其量是造句练习。我们把这翻译题归纳成三大
3、考点：语法结构（grammar）、重点单词（key words）、固定搭配（set structures）。,Practice,1.（因为考试作弊）_,he was denied the chance of going to university.Cheat on the examFound cheating on exams(the exam)Because he was found cheating on exams(the exam),2,The task_(可按计划完成）if everything goes on as we have planned.完成：Finish/complet
4、e/fulfillWill be finished/completed/fulfilled as planned/on schedule.注意：if 引导的条件状语从句，不一定是虚拟语气。,3,She had to leave behind her work for_(她还再发高烧）。Have a fever/run temperature还在 still doingShe was still having a fever She was still running temperature,4,The airplane will have taken off_(我到机场的时候）将来完成时，与b
5、y the time连用，表示在.的时候。By the time I arrive at the airport.,5,As a waitress,she _(为各种各样的客人服务）in the Italian restaurant.一般过去时还是一般现在时？各种各样：All kinds of,various,a variety of,varieties ofServes various customers,一语法结构（grammar）：考了12道，非常重要。考察的语法点：动名词、虚拟语气、倒装、状语从句（最常考）、定语从句。,1动名词：一道。87.Having spent some time
6、 in the city,he had no trouble _.(找到去历史博物馆的路)(2006.6)预测：有可能会考不定式（infinitive）。也该考人家不定式了。ones doing,非谓语动词的复合结构。Mind ones doingDo you mind my smoking here?,finding the way to the history museum,不定式的句法功能,不定式在句子中可以作 主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和状语,不定式可以分为两种 带to的不定式 和 不带to的不定式。：一、不定式作 主语 To learn a foreign language is
7、not easy.学外语不容易。Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day?有必要在国庆节之前完成这个设计吗？二、不定式作宾语 I forgot to turn the oven on.我忘记打开炉子。三、不定式作宾补 Will you help me plant this tree,please?请您帮我种这棵树好吗？,四、不定式作定语He has a lot of questions to ask.他有许多问题要问。五、不定式作表语Disneys greatest wish was to be a famous ar
8、tist.迪斯尼最大的愿望就是成为一个著名的艺术家。六、不定式作状语She searched the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path.她搜查了山顶上，然后在路边的一块大石头上停下来休息。,不定式做主语一,句型（1）不定式短语+谓语动词句型（2）Its+形容词+for/of 逻辑主语+不定式短语句型（3）Its+名词+for 逻辑主语+不定式短语To know oneself is difficult.了解自己很困难。在英语句子的表述中倾向主语短小一些，谓语部分长一些，以保持句子的
9、结构平衡。故上句可以改写如下：Its difficult to know oneself.To go to school on foot every day takes me half an hour.It takes me half an hour to go to school on foot every day.我每天步行上学花费半个小时。To read this book through will require time and patience.It will require time and patience to read this book through.读完这本书需要时间
10、与耐心。,不定式做主语二,Its+形容词+for/of 逻辑主语+不定式短语Its kind of you to think so much of us.难为你这样替我们着想。Its very nice of you to be so considerate.你太好了想得这么周到。Its unwise of them to turn down the proposal.他们拒绝采纳这个建议是不明智的。Its bad for your health to sit up to late at night.晚上睡得太晚对你的健康有害。Its not easy for you to get him t
11、o change his mind.你要说服他改变主意是不容易的。Its impossible for him to give up smoking.要他戒烟是不可能的。适合这个结构的形容词有以下这些：一、倾向用ofKind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,Careless,considerate,rude,naughty,impolite 二、倾向用forCostly,illegal,immoral,unfair,unhealthy,unjust,unlawful,unreasonable,不定式做主
12、语三,Its+名词+for 逻辑主语+不定式短语It is a great honour for us to be present at this meeting.我们来参加这个会议是很荣幸的。It will be a mistake for us not to help him.我们不帮助他们将是一个错误。适用这种句型的有以下这些名词：Pleasure,pity,mistake,honour（honor）,动词不定式作宾语,We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.我们约定在这里见面，但是到现在她都还没露面。He of
13、fered to help us.他提出要帮助我们。Mary begged to go with us.玛丽恳求同我们一块去。常用动词不定式作宾语的有如下动词：Agree,ask,attempt,begin,care,choose,continue,decide,desire,determine,expect,forget,hate,hope,Intend,learn,like,love,manage,mean,offer,prefer,pretend,promise,refuse,start,try,undertake,want,wish,动词不定式作宾语,主语+谓语动词+it+形容词/名词
14、/代词+不定式解释：这里的it是形式宾语，形容词/名词/代词是宾补，不定式是真实宾语。这里需要用it作为形式宾语的原因是不定式短语太长，而挪到后面去，以保持句子的平衡。We think it wrong to tell a lie.我们认为说谎是不对的。I felt it useless for us to say anything further.我觉得我们再说下去也没有用。I made it a rule to get up early,take a cold bath,and then do some running.我已经养成习惯，早早起床，洗个冷水澡，然后去跑步。They found
15、 it impossible to get everything ready in time.他们发现不可能把一切按时准备好。I consider it better not to go.我认为还是不去为好,主语+be动词+形容词+不定式,这种句型中的主语通常是人，形容词多半是描述此人的态度或情感状况。Im glad to meet you.见到你很高兴。He was angry to see nothing had been done.他看到什么事都没有做成而很生气。She is eager to learn to speak English.他急切地要学说英语。She was disapp
16、ointed to know that you wont be able to come to her birthday party.她得知你不能来参加她的生日晚会而很失望。以下是常用于词类句型的形容词：afraid,anxious,ashamed,careful,content,delighted,desirous,determined,eager,fortune,glad,grieve,happy,hesitant,impatient,lucky,pleased,prepared,proud,ready,relieve,reluctant,simple,willing,Amazed*ast
17、onished*disappointed*sad*shocked*sorry*stunned*surprised*upset*带星号的形容词后面常接：To see,to learn,to discover,to find out,to hear,6,Not until yesterday_(我才知道这条街是以一位英雄的名字命名的。）Not until 在句首：倒装！Did I know that the street was named after a hero.,7,Many a time_(我警告过他有关黑客的袭击。）Many a time:倒装！警告过：现在完成时Have I warne
18、d him against/about the attack by/of hackers.倒装的词组：no sooner than,hardlywhen,seldom,scarcely,8,He would rather_(你明天通知他这一结果。）than today.Would rather 宁愿，与现在相反的虚拟语气，would rather did sth.You informed/told him of the result tomorrow.You let him know the result tomorrow,9,_(由于我们实行了改革开放政策），our comprehensiv
19、e national strength has greatly improved.改革开放政策:reform and opening-up policyAs/Because we exercised the reform and opening-up policyThanks to the introduction of our reform and opening-up policy,10,If you are eager to know it,_(你可以从因特网上获得这一消息。）The information is available on the InternetYou may acqu
20、ire/get the information on the Internet.The internet is where you can acquire the information.,2虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）：一道。89.The victim_（本来会有机会活下来）if he had been taken to hospital in time.（2006.12）预测：很可能会考一道虚拟现在的句子，如：If dad were alive,he would be horrified.,might have survived,If引导的虚拟语气,1.if结构（非真实条件
21、句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况）与.事实相反 If从句 主句 过去 Had done Would*have done 现在 Were/did Would*do 将来 Should do/were/were to do Would*do 例句：If there hadnt been much rain in spring,we would have had a good harvest now.过去If he smoked less,his cough might be well soon.现在 If the lecturer should be late,you would have
22、to make a speech first.将来 备注：（1）上表中would*可转换为should、could、might。（2)如果为时间错综句的话，左右两栏可互相搭配，排列组合。He would still be alive today if he hadnt taken that drug.与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反,省略if倒装,从句的 If 有时可省略，那么从句中的动词(were,had,should)就得移到主语前面：1.原句：If she were younger,she would do it.去If：Were she younger,she would do it.(
23、把动词were移到主语she的前面)2.原句：If he had tried it,he could have done it.去If：Had he tried it,he could have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面),在wish后的虚拟语气宾语从句(可省略它的that),对现在情况的虚拟，从句用过去式或过去进行式(did,were)：1.I wish(that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish,动词过去式 knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)2.I wish it were spring in my
24、 hometown all the year around.(wish,were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)3.I wish I were a bird.(wish,were)但愿我是只小鸟。4.Now that he is in China,he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂),对过去情况的虚拟,从句动词用had+过去分词（时间上较前):1.I wish(that可省略，下同)I hadnt wasted so much time.我希望我没有浪费这么多时
25、间。(事实上已浪费了)2.He wishes he hadnt lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)3.We wished he had spoken to us.(wished，had+spoken)(他希望他有跟我们讲。事实上他并没同我们讲)4.I wish you had called earlier.(wish,had+called)(我希望你早点打电话给我。事实上已迟了),将来情况的虚拟,(表示将来的主观愿望)，从句动词用would/should/could/might+动词原形(时间上较后):1.I wish it would stop rainin
26、g.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)2.I wish you would be quiet.(would+be)我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)3.I wish she would change her mind.(would+change)我希望她会改变主意。(女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔),其他动词的虚拟,除了wish之外，下列各动词(如 suggest)的后面的虚拟语气宾语从句，其谓语用：should+动词原形表示建议(suggest)、坚持(insist)等虚拟语气：*suggest(建议),recommend(推荐),adv
27、ise(劝告),propose(建议)*insist(坚持),consent(允诺)*decide(决定),order(命令)*request(要求),demand(要求),desire(期望),ask(要求)*maintain(主张),urge(催促)1.I suggest that we(should 可省略,下同)start the meeting at once.(suggest,should+start)(我建议立即开会)2.The doctor suggested that he(should)try to lose his weight.(suggested,should+try
28、)(医生建议你应该尝试去减肥)3.He insisted that all of us(should)be there on time by any means.(insisted,should+be)(他坚持我们所有人无论如何都要准时到那。）4.He insisted that we(should)tell him the news.(insisted,should+tell)(他坚持我们一定告诉他那则新闻。)5.He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.(ordered,sho
29、uld+wash)(他命令学生们每周自己洗衣服),虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法,句型：It is(或was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that+should+动词原形句子：It is natural that she should do so.(形容词natural,should+动词原形do)常用的形容词：*natural(自然的),appropriate(适当的),advisable(合适的),preferable(更可取的),better(更好的)*necessary(必须的),important(重要的),imperative(急需的),urgent(急迫的),essential(本质的)
30、,vital(必不可少的)*probable(很可能的),possible(可能的)*desirable(极好的)常用的过去分词(Past Participle):*required(需要的),demanded(要求),requested(被请求的),desired(要求)*suggested(建议),recommended(推荐)*ordered(命令),1.It is necessary that we(should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.(necessary,should+have)(表示有需要去散步)2.It was necessary that we(shou
31、ld)make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary,should+make)(表示有必要事先做好准备)3.It is required that nobody(should)smoke here.(required,should+smoke)(表示要求不要在此抽烟)4.It is important that every pupil(should)be able to understand the rule of school.(important,should+be)(重要的是每个学生都能了解校规)5.Its important that we
32、(should)take good care of the patient.(important,should+take)(重要的是要照顾好病人),3倒装（inversion）：样题Not only_（他向我收费过高）,but he didnt do a good repair job either.强化例句：Only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened.,did he overcharge me,Sothat,so+形容词/副词that 的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示，也可以把so+形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。句型如下：so+形容词/副
33、词+be/助动词/情态动词that+从句。Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.=So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.,done做形容词在句中做表语时，常把表语放在句首，要用倒装句式。Gone forever are the days when the Chinese
34、 people had to use foreign oil.=The days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil are gone forever.,否定副词,否定副词not,never,seldom,nowhere,little,rarely 放于句首时要用倒装句式。We seldom get up at four in the morning.=Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.Not a single word from him could the enemy drag.Ra
35、rely have I heard of such a silly thing.,hardlywhen 一就,hardlywhen;scarcelywhen;no soonerthan 可以用正常语序 had hardly done when did 或用倒装句式Hardly had+主语+done when did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。The bell hardly had rung when the class began.=Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.No sooner had he arrived i
36、n Beijing than he began to work.,not only but also,not only but also 如连接两个成分时，不用倒装；连接句子时，前面的句子要用倒装。Not only was everything that he had taken away from him,but also his German citizenship.Not only is he busy,but also I have a lot of work to do.Not only does he speak English very well,but also he spea
37、ks French well.,only,only 及所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用：only+状语+be/助动词/情态动词+主语及其他Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.Only in this way can you make progress in your English.,虚拟语气,虚拟语气中的倒装句If I were you,I would take the job.=Were I you,I would take the job.,例11 His second film，“Pret
38、ty Woman”was popular among the audience，_(确立了他作为电影导演的名气)。,解析“确立了他作为电影导演的名气”这是个结果，可以用表示结果的非限制性定语从句，也可用现在分词形式来表达，故此题的翻译为 which established his fame as a film director 或 establishing his fame as a film director.,例12(中国发生了巨大的变化)_，since the Introduction Of the reform and openingpolicy.,主语应该是什么？China 还是 g
39、reat changes？中文部分主语为“中国”，而英文的翻译习惯是“某事在某地发生了”，翻译时应该缺立的主语是“变化”，故考生应该事先确立好主语才能导出合适的宾语。此题的翻译为Great changes have taken place in China，译文与中文部分叙事方式完全颠倒。There has been great changes in China,例13 She came into the room_.(光着脚),解析此题可以用不同的语法结构来翻译：译文1：with no shoes on，这是一个介词引导的伴随状语。译文2：wearing no shoes，这是一个由现在分词
40、引导的伴随状语。译文3：barefooted，这是用一个形容词来表示伴随状况。,例14(众所周知)_，Newton is a great scientist enjoying a worldwide popularity,解析“众所周知”应该是一个固定句式，本题的翻译为As is known to the world 或As we all know。,15.I had rather have trouble and hardship like that than_(别人来照顾我),解析此题考查语法结构would ratherthan的用法，连词than后应该加动词原形。此题主语为I，所以tha
41、n后的“别人来照顾我”应该用被动语态。正确的翻译为：be taken care of by others/someone else/somebody else.,4状语从句（adverbial clauses）：六道。重要考点。1）目的状语：一道。88._(为了挣钱供我上学),mother often takes on more work than is good for her.（2006.6）,In order to make money to support my schooling,2).让步状语：2道。91.Though a skilled worker,_(他被公司解雇了)last
42、 week because of the economic crisis.（2006.6）,89.I am going to pursue this course,_(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).(07,12),he was fired by the company,Whatever/no matter what sacrifices I will/have to make,at the cost of/at the expense of sacrifices I will/have to make,at all costs,3).时间状语：一道。90.Some psychologists c
43、laim that people _.（出门在外时可能会感到孤独）（2006.12）,may feel lonely when theyre away from home,4）条件状语：一道。91.Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _.（如果你方便的话）（2007.6.）,if its convenient for you/at your convenience,5）比较状语（结构）：3道。88.Since my childhood I have found that _.（没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力）（2006.12）,88.In my si
44、xties,one change I notice is that I am_(我比以前更容易累了).,nothing is more interesting/attractive than reading to me/Nothing attracts me better than reading,Inclined to be more easily tired than before,90.The more you explain,_（我愈糊涂）.（2006.6）,the more confused I am,5定语从句（attributive clauses）：一道。88.The prev
45、ention and treatment of AIDS is _.（我们可以合作的领域）（07.6）预测：会越来越多。,the field（where）(in which)we can cooperate/work together,二重点单词（key words）：7道。89.The professor required that _(我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.（2006.6）87.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to _(适应不同文化中的生活).(2006.12),we(should
46、)hand in the research report,Adapt/adjust oneself to life in different cultures,89.Because of the leg injury,the athlete_.(决定退出比赛)(07.6)90.To make donations or for more information,please _.(按以下地址和我们联系)(2007.6),decided to quit/step out from the match/game/competition,contact us at the following addr
47、ess,91.Many Americans live on credit,and their quality of life _(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的)，not how much they can earn.(07,12),90.I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _(它更方便和省时).,the former is more convenient and time-saving,Depends/is weighed upon/on how much they can borro
48、w,固定搭配。这是翻译中的最为核心的考点,也是近几次四级考试以来命题密度最高的考点,应该引起考生的高度重视:如名词与动词的搭配、形容词与名词的搭配、名词与介词的搭配。其中更为重要的是常见的固定表达,固定搭配(set structures)：3道。91.The nations population continues to rise _.(以每年1200万人的速度).(06.12)87.The finding of this study failed to _.(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内)(2007.6),take the quality of humans sleep into conside
49、ration/account,at a rate/speed of 12 million per year,87._(多亏了一系列的新发明)，doctors can treat this disease successfully.,Owing to/thanks to/due to a series of new inventions,16If it had not been for the doctors care I_(不可能和你对话)now,解析1此题考查虚拟语气的用法。If 引导的从句使用过去完成时态，而最后的时间指示词now表示“我现在不可能和你对话”，因此是对现在进行时态的虚拟。正
50、确的翻译为：wouldshouldcould not be speakingtalking to you.wouldshouldcould not have a conversation with you.,17 Its essential that an Asian _(准时到达)if he makes an appointment with an European,解析注意It is essential后面的从句必须用虚拟语气，用(should+)动词原形，“准时可表达为On timepunctuallyon schedule，正确翻译为：(should)arrive on timepun
