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1、2023/10/11,English Phonology,Grade:2007 Class:English Education Liaoning Chinese Medical Class Textbook:A Handbook of English Pronunciation Exercises for First-Year College Students(by Zhang Guanlin)Instructor:Hu XiaojiaoDalian University of Foreign Languages,2023/10/11,Chapter I Phoneme and Transcr
2、iption,2023/10/11,I.Phoneme and Transcription,Phonetics is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description,classification and transcription.Linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of language.,2023/10/11,Different bra
3、nches of general linguistics:phonetics phonology:is the branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of languages.Morphology:studies the form of words.Syntax:studies the rules governing the combination of words into sentences.Semantics:studies the meaning of language.,2023/10/11,II.General
4、 Introduction,IPA（International Phonetic Association）in the year 1888 based on RP（Received Pronunciation）List of Phonetic Symbols（P1）Phoneme and Phonology,2023/10/11,Phoneme（48）self-reading task p13,Vowels,The Pure Vowels/MonophthongsThe Diphthongs,Consonants,The Plosive ConsonantsThe Fricative Cons
5、onantsThe Affricate ConsonantsThe Nasal ConsonantsThe Lateral ConsonantsThe Semi-Vowels,2023/10/11,III.The Classification of Pure Vowels,Three factors were employed to distinguish between vowels.They are:The height of tongue raising（high,mid,low）The position of the highest part of the tongue（front,c
6、entral,back）The degree of lip rounding（rounded,unrounded,neutral）E.g.i:unrounded high front vowel:unrounded mid central vowel,2023/10/11,Front Vowels,central vowels and back vowels,Front vowels:/i:/,/i/,/e/,/Central vowels:/,/,/:/Back vowels:/:/,/,/:/,/u/,/u:/,2023/10/11,Rounded vowels,unrounded vow
7、els,and neutral vowels,Rounded vowels:/,/:/,/u/,/u:/Unrounded vowels:/i:/,/:/Neutral vowels:/i/,/e/,/,/,/,/,2023/10/11,IV.The Classification of Diphthongs,The Closing Diphthongs:/ei/,/ai/,/i/,/u/,/au/The Centering Diphthongs:/i/,/e/,/u/,2023/10/11,V.Classification of consonants,A complete descriptio
8、n of a consonant includes five factors:the state of the vocal cords:voiced or voiceless;the place of articulation;The course of the escaping of the air-stream;The position of the soft palate:oral or nasal;The manner of articulation,2023/10/11,Consonants,Places of articulation bilabial（双唇音）:/p/,/b/,/
9、m/,/w/labialdental（唇齿音）:/f/,/v/dental（齿音）:/,/alveolar（齿龈音）:/t/,/d/,/s/,/z/,/n/,/l/,/ts/,/dz/postalveolar（后齿龈音）:/r/,/tr/,/dr/palatoalveolar（硬腭齿龈音）:/t/,/d9/,/,/9/palatal（硬腭音）:/j/velar（软腭音）:/k/,/g/,/glottal（声门音）:/h/,2023/10/11,Consonants,Manners of articulation plosives:/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/fricative
10、s:/f/,/v/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/,/9/,/h/,/r/affricates:/t/,/d9/,/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,/dz/nasals:/m/,/n/,/lateral:/l/semi-vowels:/w/,/j/,2023/10/11,Chapter IIThe Front Vowels/i:/,/i/,/e/,/,2023/10/11,I./i:/（self-reading task:p5）,Word-reading practice（p5）Phrase-reading practice,2023/10/11,I./i:/（self-reading task:p5
11、）,Sentence-reading practiceSeeing is not always believing.Please keep it a secret.Dont speak Chinese in an English class.Steve lives on 333 Peterson Street.The teacher repeated the speech.We need to clean the heater.A friend in need is a friend in indeed.He is at ease who has enough.,2023/10/11,I./i
12、:/（self-reading task:p5）,Tongue Twister-reading practice:The leaves of these trees are green at this season but if the wind is keen and the leaves freeze,they cease to be and seem to lose their sheen.在这个季节树的叶子是绿色的，但如果寒风凛冽树叶冻僵的话，它们就不再发绿并失去光泽。It isnt easy to please each person but teasing the teacher
13、wont please the teacher and each teacher needs to be free to teach as he pleases.很难讨好每个人，但戏弄老师会让老师不高兴，每个老师都应有自由按照自己的方式进行教学。,2023/10/11,I./i:/（self-reading task:p5）,Little Poem See the breeze teasing the tree,Weaving the leaves or shaking them free,Tossing the fleece of sheep,that keep On peacefully
14、feeding,half asleep.看清风在树梢间嬉戏，树叶或是被交织一起或是随风飘散，半梦半醒之间，羊儿正静静吃草，背上的羊毛在风儿的撩拨下轻轻飘摇。,2023/10/11,II./i/（self-reading task:p6-7）,Word-reading practice（p6）,2023/10/11,II./i/（self-reading task:p6-7）,Phrase-reading practice,2023/10/11,II./i/（self-reading task:p6-7）,Sentence-reading practices Dick gives Lily a
15、big kiss.Is it spring or still winter?Together they went through thick and thin.Tims as thin as a pin.We eat to live but not live to eat.There is a witness everywhere.When drink is in,wit is out.Little by little and bit by bit.,2023/10/11,II./i/（self-reading task:p6-7）,Tongue Twister-reading practic
16、e:An English fisherman wishes to get a foolish fish for a cold dish.一位英国渔夫希望得到一条傻瓜鱼用来做一道凉菜。There is a kitten in the kitchen.In the kitchen I fry the chicken.A fly flies into the kitchen,while I fry the chicken.厨房里有只小猫，我在厨房炸鸡，当我炸鸡时，一只苍 蝇飞进了厨房。Which witch snitched the stitched switch for which the Swi
17、ss witch wished?哪个女巫把那个瑞士女巫想得到的装饰假发偷走了？,2023/10/11,II./i/（self-reading task:p6-7）,Little Poem Silly Billy!Silly Billy!Why is Billy silly?Silly Billy hid a shilling.Isnt Billy silly?傻贝利，傻贝利！为什么说贝利傻？傻贝利藏了一个先令，你说贝利傻不傻？,Famous SayingsEarly to bed and early to rise,makes a man healthy,wealthy,andwise.Ben
18、jamin Franklin,2023/10/11,Comparison between/i:/&/i/（self-reading task P6）,2023/10/11,Comparison between/i:/&/i/（self-reading task P6）,A Riddle Without a voice I speak,I am small,light and fleet,I express others thoughts,And travel without feet.（Letter）,2023/10/11,Language Tip,gonna&going to,Mary:Im
19、 gonna get somethin to drink.Lisa:Uh-huh.Mary:Like some juice?Lisa:Yeah.uh-huh=yes;yeah=yesMary:Im gonna get a job.Lisa:Uh-huh.Not easy.Mary:No.Mary:Im gonna study harder.Lisa:Uh-huh.Mary:I cant stay idle.Lisa:No.,2023/10/11,III./e/self-reading task p8-9,Word-reading practice（p8）,2023/10/11,III./e/s
20、elf-reading task p8-9,Phrase-reading practice,2023/10/11,III./e/self-reading task p8-9,Sentence-reading practiceLets get everything ready.Remember to get me ten eggs.When I did well,heard it never.When I did ill,I heard it ever.（做了好事没人夸，做了错事人人说。）All is well that ends well.（结局好一切好。）East or west,home
21、is best.（金屋银屋不如自己家草屋。）Better late than never.（迟做总比不做好/晚了总比完了好。）Well fed,well bred.（吃得饱，懂礼貌/衣食足而知礼节。）,2023/10/11,III./e/self-reading task p8-9,Tongue Twister-reading practiceWhether the weather be fine or whether the weather be not,Whether the weather be cold or whether the weather be hot,Well weathe
22、r the weather whether we like it or not.Ella sent Emma ten hens and Emma sent Ella ten pens.He sent ten men to mend the dent in the engines of the tender.（他派了十个人去修补给船发动机的齿轮。）,2023/10/11,III./e/self-reading task p8-9,Riddle Ten plus ten equals ten;Take ten from ten,You have twenty;When the weather is
23、 cold,There are ten;When its warm there are twenty.What is it?（fingers and a pair of gloves）,2023/10/11,IV./self-reading task p10-11,Word-reading practice（p10）Phrase-reading practice,2023/10/11,IV./self-reading task p10-11,Sentence-reading practice They ran hand in hand.A man can do no more than he
24、can.（凡事应量力而行。）Hang your cap on the stand.Fancy that!（真想不到！）Dont let the cat out of the bag.（天机不可泄漏。）A fact is a fact.（事实胜于雄辩。）Handsome is as handsome does.（心美貌才美/品德美才算真美。）Manners make man.（有礼才成人。）,2023/10/11,IV./self-reading task p10-11,Tongue Twister-reading practiceHow many cans can a canner can i
25、f a canner can can cans?A canner can can as many cans as a canner can if canner can can cans.如果一个罐头制造商会做罐头的话，他能制造多少罐头？如果一个罐头制造商会做罐头的话，他会使出浑身解数制造罐头。Ann and Andy marriage anniversary is in April.A fat man sat on a black cat and the black cat was squashed flat,for the man was mad.一个胖子坐在一只黑猫身上，这只黑猫被压扁了，
26、因为这个人疯了。,2023/10/11,IV./self-reading task p10-11,Little Poem I met a little boy Jack,Who came from another land.I couldnt speak his language,But I took him by the hand.,2023/10/11,VI.Comparison between/e/&/（self-reading task P10）,2023/10/11,VI.Comparison between/e/&/,a bag on the bed Marys friend Ja
27、ck the head of the band a bad pen Send him back.Get him some apples.Gan you bend that iron band?,2023/10/11,VI.Comparison between/e/&/,DialogueA:What is the matter,Alice?You look so unhappy.B:I had a bad day yesterday.A:What happened?B:I went shopping and lost my bag.A:Your bag?Did you get it back?B
28、:I went back for it.But it was already gone.A:Thats too bad,Im sorry to hear that.,2023/10/11,VI.Comparison between/e/&/,Tongue-twistersA pleasant peasant keeps a pleasant pheasant（野鸡）and both the peasant and the pheasant are having a pleasant time together.A big black bug bit a big black bear and m
29、ade the big black bear bleed blood.,2023/10/11,Language Tip,Mary:Are you busy tonight?Linda:Yeah.Ive gotta study tonight.Mary:Study tonight?Linda:Yeah.Im having an exam tomorrow.Mary:Shall we have another drink?Linda:No,thanks.But Ive gotta go gome.Mary:Gotta go home?Linda:Yeah.Ive got some homework
30、 to do.Mary:Youve gotta go to bed early,Bob.Bob:Why?Why gotta go to bed early?Mary:Weve gotta go to the church.Bob:Gotta go to the church?Why gotta go to the church?Mary:Because tomorrow is Sunday.,gotta=have/has got to,2023/10/11,Listen to the tape and mark the word you heard.,beat bit bet bat deed
31、 did dead dad seat sit set sat lead lid led lad peak pick peck pack neat nip net nap read rid red rat Pete pit pet pat heat hit let hat,2023/10/11,Chapter IIICentral Vowels:/,/,/:/,2023/10/11,I./self-reading task p20-21,注意：在英音中，发/音时口形张得稍大；而在美音中，发/音时除了发本身的音之外，还可能会多少带一些/的发音，发音接近/，如：love.,2023/10/11,I.
32、/self-reading task p20-21,Word-reading practice（p20）,2023/10/11,I./self-reading task p20-21,Phrase-reading practice,2023/10/11,I./self-reading task p20-21,Sentence-reading practiceI like the rough seas in summer.（我喜欢夏日波涛汹涌的大海。）Just cover it upShes a lovely young girl.Thats not much of a cut.（只是小伤而已。
33、）I wonder whos coming to lunch.My brother lives in the country.Well begun is half done.Love me,love my dog.Whats done cant be undone.（事已定局，无可挽回/覆水难收）Never trouble the trouble until the trouble troubles you.,2023/10/11,I./self-reading task p20-21,Tongue Twister-reading PracticeTo run and play under t
34、he sun is fun.When your work is done,come out the sun and have some fun.在阳光下追逐嬉戏非常有趣。当你的工作完成后就赶快到阳光下尽情地玩吧。Plain bun,plum bun,bun without plum.原味面包，李子面包，无李子面包。,2023/10/11,Distinguish/&/:/（self-reading task P20）,2023/10/11,II./self-reading task p22-23,Word-reading Practice,2023/10/11,/&/:/,/:/并不是单纯由/加
35、长而成，两个音素发音的口腔部位不同：发/音时牙床半开；但发/:/音时的牙床比/音小，近乎半合。发/音时双唇呈自然状态，肌肉不紧张；发/:/音时双唇肌肉较紧张，呈扁平状。,2023/10/11,II./self-reading task p22-23,Phrase-reading Practice,2023/10/11,II./self-reading task p22-23,Sentence-reading Practice Please return the alarm clock to the teacher.My younger brother is a doctor.Her siste
36、r is a computer expert.Birds of a feather flock together.They must hunger in winter that will not work in summer.夏不劳动冬挨饿。,2023/10/11,II./self-reading task p22-23,Tongue Twister-reading Practice The batter with the butter is the batter that is better.（带黄油的油面糊是比较好的油面糊。）Sweater weather,leather weather.
37、A bitter bittern bit a better brother bittern.And the better brother bittern bit the bitter bittern back.（一只满怀怨恨的苍鹭咬了一口比它强的兄弟，比它强的兄弟回咬了咬它的满怀怨恨的苍鹭。）,2023/10/11,Famous SayingsThe bud may have a bitter taste,but sweet will be the flower,2023/10/11,Idiom,Going Bananas!A:This man is apparently going bana
38、nas!B:Yeah.Hes going ape!,2023/10/11,III./:/self-reading task p21-22Word-reading Practice,2023/10/11,III./:/self-reading task p21-22Phrase-reading Practice,2023/10/11,III./:/self-reading task p21-22,Sentence-reading PracticeThe girls learn world history in the first and the third terms.Earl has work
39、ed in that firm for thirty years.Their perfect service deserves a worthy return.First come,first serve.Birds of a feather flock together.As is the workman so is the work.,2023/10/11,III./:/self-reading task p21-22,Tongue Twister-reading PracticeThe surly merchant twirled his moustache as he purchase
40、d the first thirty pearls.这个脾气粗暴的商人在买第一批三十颗珍珠时快速地捻动着他的胡子。The first person in a dirty shirt works in the third firm.穿脏衬衫的第一个人在第三家工作。Elizabeths birthday is on the third Thursday of this month.伊丽莎白的生日是这个月的第三个星期四。,2023/10/11,III./:/self-reading task p21-22,Little Poem Worms squirm in the earth When firs
41、t is heard The murmur and chirp Of the early bird 当听到 早起的鸟儿 第一声唧唧鸣叫时 蚯蚓在泥土中蠕动。,2023/10/11,Chapter IVBack Vowels/:/,/,/:/,/u/,/u:/,2023/10/11,注意：/:/,在美国英语中，在/f,s/或在/m,n,/前面的/:/音要发成加长的/音，如：ask,bath,dance等。,2023/10/11,I./:/self-reading task p12-14,Word-reading Practice,2023/10/11,I./:/self-reading task
42、 p12-14,Phrase-reading Practice,2023/10/11,I./:/self-reading task p12-14,Sentence-reading PracticeA farmer needs large barns.Half the class have passed.The car was parked in the yard.He laughs best who laughs last.After a storm comes a calm.雨过天晴（风过浪静）Far from eyes,far from heart.眼不见，心不想。,2023/10/11,
43、I./:/self-reading task p12-14,Little Poem Twinkle,twinkle,little star,How I wonder what you are!Up above the world so high,Like a diamond in the sky;Twinkle,twinkle,little star.How I wonder what you are!,2023/10/11,I./:/self-reading task p12-14,Distinguish/:/&/,2023/10/11,Read the following words an
44、d mark the word with the vowel/:/,father/glass/smart/cast/last/spade/farther/gather/fast/bark/vast/dark/snarl/master/jar/pass/past/heart/park/card/hard/gate/ask/nasty,2023/10/11,Famous SayingsChances favor the minds that are prepared.Louis Pasteur,2023/10/11,II./self-reading task p14-15,Word-reading
45、 practice,2023/10/11,II./self-reading task p14-15,Phrase-reading Practice,2023/10/11,II./self-reading task p14-15,Tongue-twister-reading Practice All I want is a proper cup of coffee,Made in a proper copper coffee pot.You can believe it or not,But I just want a cup of coffee in a proper coffee pot.T
46、in coffee pots or iron coffee pots are no use to me.,2023/10/11,II./self-reading task p14-15,Little Poem Froggy-boggy sat on a rock;Froggy-boggy had a great shock!Froggy-boggy fell off the top;Into the pond he fell with a plop.青蛙坐岩礁，吓了一大跳！青蛙跌下岩礁，扑通塘中掉。,2023/10/11,Distinguish the vowel/:/&/,2023/10/1
47、1,III./:/self-reading task p15-16,Phrase-reading Practice,2023/10/11,III./:/self-reading task p15-16,Sentence-reading PracticeGeorge is tall and strong.Bob saw a saw hanging on the wall.I often yawn when I get bored.Learn to crawl before you can walk.Pride goes before a fall.Grasp all,lose all.Four
48、eyes see more than two.,2023/10/11,III./:/self-reading task p15-16,Tongue-twister-reading practiceMr.See owned a saw and Mr.Soar owned a seesaw.Now Sees saw sawed Soars seesaw before Soar saw See.西先生有一把锯，萨先生有一个七跷跷板。在萨先生看见西先生之前，西先生的锯锯断了萨先生的跷跷板。If a white chalk chalks on a black board,will a black cha
49、lk chalk on a white board?如果白粉笔能在黑板上写字，那么黑粉笔能不能在白板上写字呢？,2023/10/11,Distinguish/&/:/（self-reading task P15）,2023/10/11,IV./u/self-reading task p16-17,Phrase-reading Practice,2023/10/11,IV./u/self-reading task p16-17,Sentence-reading Practice I would if I could.Have a look of my new cook-book.Look bef
50、ore you leap.三思而后行。Good wine needs no bush.酒好客自来。A good appetite is a good sauce.好胃口就是好佐料。,2023/10/11,IV./u/self-reading task p16-17,Tongue-twister-reading PracticeHow much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?如果旱獭会糟蹋木头的话，一只旱獭会糟蹋多少木头？Hed chuck as much wood as a woodchuck coul
