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1、大学英语四级考试星火系列第九套,Content,TranslationWriting,大学英语四级考试翻译的评分标准,13-15分：译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上 无语言错误，仅有个别小错。10-12分：译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。7-9分：译文勉强表达了原文的意思。4-6分：用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。1-3分：用词不准确，有相当多 的严重语言错误。译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达 原文意思。0分：未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。,Transla
2、tion,汉译英翻译中常见的问题一、在词汇方面考生往往由于对原文的理解的偏差和自身英语词汇量的不足，用含义对应的英文单词对汉语原文进行生搬硬套式的翻译，从而造成词语搭配不地道的问题。,汉译英翻译中常见的问题,二、句子在句子层面上考生容易出现的错误涉及对时态、语态的把握，以及对句间句子结构的把握（1）时态错误（2）语态错误不知道他会不会来。It is still unknown whether he will come.（3）逻辑关系错误我喜欢红色，他喜欢绿色。I like red,whereas he likes green.（4）句子结构错误提出一个绝对的表准当然很困难。Offer a sp
3、ecified standard is difficult.To offer a specified standard is difficult.It is difficult to offer a specified standard.,3、篇章从篇章的角度而言，考生容易犯的错误主要集中在对译文的风格的把握不准上，文章的风格有的婉约、有的豪放：有的简洁清晰，有的辞藻华丽；有的风格幽默；有的严肃谨慎，译文要尽量反映出原文的风格，尽可能的接近原文的风格。,汉英翻译技巧,一、主谓单句英语句子的五种基本句型1.主语+谓语（SV）He can run fast.2.主语+系动词+表语(SVP)She
4、is a student.3.主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)She teaches English.4.主语+谓语+双宾语（直接宾语+间接宾语）(SVoO)She Teaches me English.5.主语+谓语+复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）(SVOC)I heard him singing.,1.主谓单句,此类句子和英语的主谓结构句子差不多，但要注意以下两点：（1）汉语里存在大量的非动词谓语句，翻译时一定要补上谓语动词例如：你真漂亮You are very beautiful.,1.主谓单句,(2)汉语句子的主语较为灵活，不一定非要是动作的执行者，而且也不限于某几种词性；相比较而言，英语句子
5、的主语就只有名词、代词、非谓语动词、主语从句等，而且一般是动作的执行者。此外，汉语的主语可变化性较小，因此表示相同的含义，句子的主语只能用同一个事物；而英语中则可以用不同的单词做主语表示相同的含义。因此，在汉英时尽量变换主语来翻译。例如：中国人民的生活水平近年来得到很大提高There has been great raise in the living standard of Chinese in recent years.These years have witnessed great raise in the living standard of ChineseChinese people
6、s living standard has been raised a lot in recent years.,2.无主句,在无主句的翻译过程中，一定要根据上下文增补主语例如(1)吃的苦中苦，方为人上人One must be able to endure the pains before he can succed.不用担心，还有很多时间Dont worry,because there is still a lot of time给了他两天时间做些必要的准备Two days was allowed for her to make some necessary preparations.,3.
7、主题句,汉语主题句前半部分叙事或论理，后半部分做出评论，如“我们要好好学习，这是非常重要的”翻译时，可以译成“主语+定语从句的形式”it isto do”的结构,或者拆成两个或两个以上的句子进行翻译：例如：我们要好好学习，这是非常重要的It is very important for us to study hard.We should study hard,which is very important.We should study hard.This is very important.,4.连动句,在汉语连动句中，一个主语作为两个及两个以上的动作的执行者，如“他站起来打开了灯。”译成英
8、语时首先要选定一个主要的谓语动词，和句子的主语一起构成一套完整的主谓结构，其他谓语动词则译为非谓语动词短语或者通过并列连词构成谓语动词一部分。例如：他醒来发现自己躺在医院的病房里She woke up to find herself lying in the hospital ward.She woke up and found herself lying in the hospital ward.,Part Translation,川剧（Sichuan Opera)就像火锅以及其他的名菜一样动人、丰富。变脸（Face changing)是川剧中的一大亮点。据说古人在他们的脸上作画，以便赶走野
9、生动物。川剧吸收了这一古老的艺术并将其升华为一门艺术。变脸是一门神奇的艺术。演员要在不到20秒的时间内要换十多次脸谱。通过举手、摆袖或摇头，演员使用不同的脸谱来表现不同的情绪，并通过看得见摸得着的脸谱表达出看不见摸不着的感情。,Part Translation,Sichuan opera(Chuan Ju),like hot-pot and other famous Sichuan dishes,is exciting and rich.Face changing is the highlight of Sichuan Opera.It is said that ancient people
10、painted their faces to drive away wild animals.Sichuan Opera absorbs this ancient skill and perfects it into an art.Face changing is a magical art.Actors change more than 10 masks in less than 20 seconds.By raising the hand,swinging a sleeve or tossing the head,an actor uses different masks to show
11、different emotions,expressing invisible and intangible feelings through visible and tangible masks.,writing,Power Supply All Night1.很多大学生希望寝室能够通宵供电2.但有人认为不应该这么做3.我的看法,When it comes to _,there can never be unanimous opinions among people to _.Some college students hope that_ They believe that _,furth
12、ermore_,besides_In fact,Other students assume different attitudes towards _.Above all,they believe that _.In addition,_,whats more,_As far as I am concerned I think that_.I am of this opinion because I also think _,its true that _,but this doesnt mean that_.Besides,_It follows,then,and it is advisab
13、le that we should _if we want to _,we must_.Otherwise,we will _.,1.表示原因1)There are three reasons for this 2)The reasons for this are as follows.3)The reason for this is obvious.4)The reason for this is not far to seek.2.表示好处1）It has the following advantages.2)It is beneficial to us.3）It is of great
14、benefit to us.3.表示坏处1）It has more disadvantages than advantages.2)It does us much harm.3)It is harmful to us.,4表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient,possible)for sb.to do sth.2)We think it necessary to do sth.3)It plays an important role in our life.5.表示措施1)We should take
15、some effective measures.2)We should try out best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with,6.表示变化1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years.2)A great change will certainly be produced in th
16、e worlds communications.3)The computer has brought about many changes in education.7.表示事实、现状1)We cannot ignore the fact that2)No one deny the fact that 3)There is no denying the fact that4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.5)However,thats not the case.8.表示比较1)Compared with A,B
17、2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV.3)There is a striking contrast between them.,9.表示数量1)It has increased(decreased)from to.2)The population in this city has now increased(decreased)to 800,000 3)The output of Judy in this factory increased by 15%compared with that of January.10.表示看法1）People have
18、(take,adopt,assume)different attitudes towards this problem.2)People have different opinions on this problem.3)People take different views of(on)the question.,11.表示结论1）In short,it can be said that2)It may be briefly summed up as follows.3)From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that12.套语 1）It is well known to us that2)As is known to us3)This is a topic that is being widely talked about.4)From the graph(table,char)listed above,it can be seen that5)As proverb says,“Where there is will,there is a way.”,Thank You!,
