《局解小腿Lowerlimb.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《局解小腿Lowerlimb.ppt（75页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、Lower limb,General introduction,The lower limb is divided into four parts:Gluteal regionThighLegFootFunctionSupport the body weightLocomotion,Gluteal region,MusclesSuperficial groupGluteus maximusGluteus mediusGluteus minimusTensor fasciae lataeDeep groupPiriformisObturator internusGemellus superior
2、 and inferiorQuadratus femoris,Gluteal region(continue),Nerves and vesselsGreater sciatic foramen above piriformisSuperior gluteal nerve,artery and vein Greater sciatic foramen below piriformisSciatic nervePosterior cutaneous nerve of the thighInferior gluteal nerve and arteryPudendal nerve and inte
3、rnal pudendal arteryPass through the lesser sciatic foramen to enter the perineum,Thigh-anterior and medial region(1),Superficial fasciaArteries:Superficial epigastric arterySuperficial iliac circumflex arteryExternal pudendal arteryGreat saphenous veinSuperficial inguinal lymph nodesCutaneous nerve
4、sIlioinguinal nerveFemoral branch of the genitofemoral nerveLateral femoral cutaneous nerveAnterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve,Thigh-anterior and medial region(2),Deep structuresFascia lata:thick and strong laterallyMuscles:Anterior group:quadriceps femoris and the sartoriusMedial group
5、:PectineusAdductor longusGracilisAdductor brevisAdductor magnus,Thigh-anterior and medial region(2),Deep structuresGap between the inguinal ligament and the hip bone(divided into two parts by iliopectineal arch)Lacuna musculorum:laterallyIliopsoas,femoral nerve,lateral femoral cutaneous nerveLacuna
6、vasorum:mediallyFemoral artery,femoral vein,femoral canal.Femoral triangleBoundariesContents:femoral nerve,artery,vein,canal(from lateral to medial),Thigh-anterior and medial region(2),Deep structuresContents of the femoral triangleFemoral nerve:Muscular branch:anterior group of the thighCutaneous b
7、ranch:Anterior femoral cutaneous nerveSaphenous nerve(accompanies the femoral artery at thigh,and accompanies the great saphenous vein at leg)Femoral artery:Muscular branchesDeep femoral artery:lateral and medial femoral circumflex a.Perforating arteries:3 or 4 arteries,Thigh-anterior and medial reg
8、ion(2),Deep structuresContents of the femoral triangleFemoral sheath and femoral canalFemoral canal is the medial compartment of the femoral sheath,contains deep lymph nodes and fat tissue.Its superior opening called femoral ring.Boundaries:Laterally:femoral veinMedially:lacunar ligamentAnteriorly:i
9、nguinal ligamentPosteriorly:pectineal ligament(of Cooper)Femoral hernia:contents of abdomen protrude through the femoral ring into the femoral canal,Thigh-anterior and medial region(2),Deep structuresAdductor canal(of hunter):deep furrow on the medial side of the thighBoundaries:Anterior:sartorius a
10、nd the adductor laminaLateral:vastus medialisPosterior:adductor longus and adductor magnusContents:from superficial to deepSaphenous nerveFemoral arteryFemoral veinObturator vessels and nerve:supply the medial compartment of the thigh.,Thigh-posterior region(3),Superficial structures:posterior cutan
11、eous nerve of the thigh.Deep structures:Muscles:Biceps femoris:lateral sideSemitendinosusSemimembranosusNerve:sciatic nerveArteries:perforating branches of the deep femoral artery.,Thigh-posterior region(3),Popliteal fossaBoundariesUpper lateral:tendon of the biceps femorisUpper medial:semitendinosu
12、s and semimembranosusLower lateral and lower medial:gastrocnemiusContents:Tibial nerve and common fibular(peroneal)nervePopliteal veinPopliteal artery,Leg-anterior and lateral region,Superficial structuresSuperficial vein:great saphenous veinCutaneous nerve:saphenous nerve medially and the superfici
13、al fibular nerve laterallyDeep structuresDeep fasciaSuperior and inferior extensor retinaculumSuperior and Inferior peroneal retinaculum,Leg-anterior and lateral region,Deep structuresMuscles of anterior groupTibialis anteriorExtensor hallucis longusExtensor digitorum longusMuscles of lateral groupF
14、ibularis longusFibularis brevisNerves and vesselsDeep fibular nerve and the anterior tibial vesselsSuperficial fibular nerve,Leg-posterior region,Superficial structureSmall saphenous veinCutaneous nervesMedial sural cutaneous nerve:from tibial nerveLateral sural cutaneous nerve:from common fibular n
15、erveSural nerve,Leg-posterior region,Deep structuresDeep fascia:flexor retinaculumMuscles:Superficial groupGastrocnemiusPlantarisSoleusDeep groupPopliteusFlexor digitorum longusTibialis posteriorFlexor hallucis longusTibial nerve and the posterior tibial artery,Tarsal tunnel,Is formed by:Tarsal bone
16、sFlexor retinaculumContents from anterior to posterior:Tendon of tibialis posteriorTendon of flexor digitorum longusPosterior tibial artery and the tibial nerveTendon of flexor hallucis longus,The floor of the foot,Skin and superficial fasciaPlanter aponeurosisMuscles:Abductor hallucis,flexor digito
17、rum brevis,abductor digiti minimiTendon of flexor digitorum longus,quadratus plantae,lumbricales,tendon of flexor hallucis longusFlexor hallucis brevis,adductor hallucis,flexor digiti minimi brevisTendons of the fibular longus and the tibialis posterior and the seven interosseiMedial and lateral plantar artery and nerve,
