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1、1,生产与运作管理-An Introduction,Dr.Jinxing XieDepartment of Mathematical SciencesTsinghua University,Beijing 100084,Chinahttp:/jxieEmail:jxie Voice:(86-10)62787812 Fax:(86-10)62785847Office:Rm.1202,New Science Building,Production&Operations Management,2,Outline,What is Prod.&Operations Management(POM)?Def
2、inition of OMOM vs.OR/MS vs.SS/SE vs.IE/EMThe Heritage of OMWhat Operations Managers do?Exciting New Trends in OM Research Methods Academic SocietiesOM Related Journals,3,What is Operations Management?,运作管理就是对公司（或组织）的提供主要产品或服务的系统进行设计、运行、评价和改进。OM is the set of activities that creates goods and servic
3、es by transforming inputs into outputs.OM is the business function that manages that part of a business that transforms raw materials and human inputs into goods and services of higher value.(narrow view),4,OM概要模型,其他名称：运作管理生产管理；运营管理工业管理；工厂管理,5,OM vs.OR/MS vs.SS/SE vs.IE/EM,运作管理是管理的一个领域（管理职能）OR/MS是各领
4、域在制定决策时都可能遇到的定量方法 SS/SE强调的是系统观点、系统方法IE/EM主要关注如何更好地利用企业的资源，解决工程问题（如工业自动化等）,6,The Heritage of OM,1776-1880:早期概念专业化；标准化零部件1880-1910：科学管理时代Gantt图；动作/时间研究；过程分析；排队论1910-1980：大批量生产时代流水线；经济批量；线性规划；PERT/CPM；MRP1980-1995：精益生产时代JIT；TQM；EDI；CAD/CAM/CAPP1995-：大批量、顾客化生产时代全球化；信息化（INTERNET；E-Commerce)敏捷制造；BPR；ERP；主
5、动学习的组织供应链管理（SCM）；物流(Logistics),成 本,质量,顾客,作为学科，OM诞生于50年代末60年代初,7,Goods and services designWhat product should we offer?How should we design these products and services?Managing qualityWho is responsible for quality?How do we define the quality we want in our service or product?Process and capacity de
6、signWhat process will these products require and in what order?What equipment and technology is necessary for these processes?,What Operations Managers do?(Top 10 Research Directions),8,Location strategiesWhere should we put the facility?On what criteria should we bas the location decision?Layout de
7、signHow should we arrange the facility?How large must the facility be to meet our plan?Human resources and job designHow do we provide a reasonable work environment?How much can we expect our employees to produce?Supply chain managementShould we buy or produce the component?Who are our suppliers and
8、 who can integrate into our e-commerce program?,What Operations Managers do?(Top 10 Research Directions),9,Inventory controlHow much inventory of each item should we have?When do we reorder?Intermediate,short-term,and project schedulingIs subcontracting production a good idea?Are we better off keepi
9、ng people on the payroll during slowdowns?MaintenanceWho is responsible for maintenance?,What Operations Managers do?(Top 10 Research Directions),10,Exciting New Trends in OM,Local or national focus,Global focus,international OM,Batch(large)shipments,Just-in-time shipments,Low-bid purchasing,Supply
10、chain partners,ERP,e-Commerce,Lengthy product development,Rapid product development,alliances,Standardized products,Mass customization,Job specialization,Empowered employees,teams,and lean production,11,Important Research Field-Service Operations Management,IntangibleProduced and consumed simultaneo
11、uslyUniqueHigh customer interactionInconsistent product definitionKnowledge-basedDispersedDifficult to automateDifficult to measure quality.,12,Strategic,Tactic,Operational,Levels of Decision,Qualitative,Quantitative,Research Methods,13,Research Methods,EmpiricalCase studySurveyPanel studyDatabaseTh
12、eoretic modelsDeterministic modelsUncertainty modelsSimulationExpert system(knowledge model),SimulationMotivation and ObjectiveExperiment design Independent variables Dependent variablesSimulation run Data analysisFindingsInsights,14,建 立 OR/MS 理 论 模 型 的 一 般 步 骤,模型准备,模型假设,模型构成,模型求解,模型分析,模型检验,模型应用,Mot
13、ivation,Formulation,Solution,Validation,15,DedicatedINFORMS(A meager of ORSA and TIMS)In particular,MSOM(Manufacturing and Service OM)POM(Production and Operations Management Society)EUROMA(European Operations Management Association)RelatedAcademy of ManagementDSI(Decision Sciences Institute)APICS(A
14、merican Production and Inventory Control Society)IIE(Institute of Industrial Engineering)EURO(European Operational Research Society),Academic Societies,16,Established March 1999,Newest within INFORMSMembership:950,Largest within INFORMSSociety Webpage:http:/The methods which MSOM members apply in or
15、der to help the operations function add value to products and services are derived from a wide range of scientific fields,including operations research and management science,mathematics,economics,statistics,information systems and artificial intelligence.,Manufacturing and Service Operations Manage
16、ment Society,17,Source of References,Top journal:Operations Research(OR);Management Science(MS)Quasi-Top journal:Manufacturing and Service Operations Management(MSOM)IIE Transactions(IIET)Naval Research Logistics(NRL)Mathematics of Operations Research(MOR)Journal of operations management(JOM)Operati
17、ons Research Letters(ORL)Major journal:European Journal of Operational Research(EJOR)Production and Operations Management(POM)International Journal of Production Research(IJPR)International Journal of Production Economics(IJPE)Journal of the Operational Research Society(JORS)COR(Computers CIE(Comput
18、ers&IE)Production Plan and Control(PPC),18,OM Related Journals,JOM(J.of OM)IJOPM(Int.J.Op.Prod.Mgmt.)POM(Prod.&OM)IJPR(Int.J.of Prod.Research)IJPE(Int.J.of Prod.Economics)PIMJ(Prod.Invent.Mgmt.J.)MS（Management Sciences)HBR(Harvard Business Rev.)EJORSloan Mgmt.Review(MIT),MS(SSCI,SCI)OR(SCI)JOMIJOPMI
19、JPR(SCI)POM(SCI)EJOR(SCI,SSCI)HBRAcademy of Mgmt.JournalDS(Decision Sciences)(SSCI),Relevance Ranks(1999,JOM)Quality,MSOM,19,http:/also visit the courses Webpage in“清华大学网络学堂”frequently for further information.At the end of the course,you should submit a course report to me.,Course Notes Information,20,THE END,Thank you very much for your attendance!,
