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1、Chapter Eight,Amplification&Repetition,I.Review and comments on the assignments II.Amplification III.Repetition IV.Practice V.Summary VI.Assignment VII.References for further reading,Teaching Procedures,大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等。所以人们对于大自然大全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其是在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；在周末去教
2、堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。,I.Review and comments on the assignment,All people are blessed by nature,rich and poor,alike.,That accounts for their deeply rooted attachment to her,especially in the country where their ways of life have been kept intact for thousands
3、 of years.,They grow crops and grapes,brew the wine that they drink,raise cows for milk,and weed their gardens for the cultivation of flowers.,At weekends they go to church,and on holidays they enjoy playing music while singing and dancing in open squares.,Thus their olden homelands remain as sweet
4、as ever,each with a unique folklore form which its customs have derived.,in olden days(在昔日）olden times(从前）,A professor of mine once said:,教过我的一位教授曾说过：,根据词义或修辞需要增词,II.Amplification,The atmosphere moderates daytime temperature and retards night heat loss.,大气层能缓和白天气温的上升和阻止夜间热量的损耗。,Mary washed for a liv
5、ing after her husband died of acute pneumonia.,玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后，靠给人洗衣服维持生活。,II.Amplification,The frequency,wave length and speed of sound are closely related.,声音的频率、波长和速度三者是密切相关的。,Compared with mine,your computer is really cheap and fine.,与我的电脑相比，你的电脑真是物美价廉。,II.Amplification,根据语法需要增词英语和汉语在语法方面差异很大，比如英语
6、有数的变化、有时态、语态、语气变化、有情态的变化（我们常称为三态一气），而汉语这样的变化很少，如时态，只用着、了、过就解决了。在翻译中我们要注意这些差别，把英语中的数和三态一气等体现出来。例如：,II.Amplification,It seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity.,成功的科学家似乎总是充满好奇心。,I didnt know that computers had been used so widely.,我以前还不知道电脑却原来被如此广泛地应用。,II.Amplification,1They are leading
7、 a happy life.,他们现在过着幸福的生活。,He was the late presidents alter ego and he is a close and influential friend of the president to be in office.,他过去是已故总统的化身，而现在是即将就职的总统亲密而有影响的朋友。,II.Amplification,Since the industrial revolution began the physical science has in general been in the forefront of the scient
8、ific movement.,自从工业革命开始以来，物理学总的说来一直处于科学运动的前列。（时态）,Then the whole course of my life might have been different.,如果真是那样的话，我的生命路程也许是另一番景象。（虚拟语气）,II.Amplification,Had we known it in time,we would have prevented the accident.,要是我们及时知道那件事，事故本来是可以防止的。（虚拟语气）,After watching for years,he discovered important p
9、henomena.,观察了数年之后他发现了许多重要现象。（数）,II.Amplification,为了明确重复,III.Repetition,1.Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.,让我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。,2.They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy.,他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。,3.He became an oil baron-all by himself.,他成为一个石油大王，-一个白手起家的石油大王。,4.This has been
10、our position-but not theirs.,这一直是我们的立场，而不是他们的立场。,III.Repetition,5The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.,医生从我身上得到的实践，会比从一千七百个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。,III.Repetition,1.He wandered about in the chill rain,thinking and thinking,brooding and brooding.,他在凄雨中荡来荡去
11、，想了又想，盘算了盘算。,2.Gentlemen many cry peace,peace-but there is no peace.,先生们尽管可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。,III.Repetition,为了强调重复,3.Blood must atone for blood.,血债要用血来还。,4.They would read and re-read the secret notes.,他们往往一遍又一遍反复琢磨这些密件。,III.Repetition,But there had been too much publicity about my case.,但我的事现在已经搞得
12、满城风雨，人人皆知了。,If this was a time of triumph for the many,it was a painful period for the few.,多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。,III.Repetition,为了生动重复,great contributions gratitude ingratitudeprosperity arrogancecareless in chaos street gossip rumor,丰功伟绩,感恩戴德,忘恩负义,繁荣昌盛,骄傲自大,粗心大意,乌烟瘴气,街谈巷议,流言蜚语,III.Repetition,采用词的
13、重叠,I had been completely honest in my replies,withholding nothing.,我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，（直言无隐），不藏不掖。,III.Repetition,His children,too,were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody.,他的那些孩子，也是穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，就象没有父母似的。,With his tardiness,careless and appalling good temper,we had nothing to do with him.,他老是磨磨
14、蹭蹭，马马虎虎，脾气又好得惊人，我们都对他毫无办法。,III.Repetition,IV.Practice,1.We have to analyze and solve problems.,我们必须分析问题，解决问题。,2.Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness,affection weakness,thrift avarice.,勇之过度则蛮，爱之过度则为宠，俭之过度则为贪。（原文 省略了定语和谓语 译成汉语时应补上）,3.The letter“I”represents I,“O”owe,and“U”you.,字母I代表“我”，O代表“欠”，U代表“你
15、”。（将省略的动词译出来）,4.All bodies consists of molecules and these of atoms.,所有物体都由分子组成，而分子则由原子组成。（原文中第二个of前省略了，并用these代替，汉译时补上了动词，还原了代词。）,IV.Practice,5.We have fulfilled our work ahead of schedule,so have they.,我们提前完成了我们的工作，他们也提前完成了他们的工作。（省略句型中省略的部分汉译时要译出来）,6.He had met with great difficulties in writing h
16、is term paper.,他在写学期论文时，遇到了重重困难。（英语中并无重复，但在译成汉语时，合理使用重复这一修辞手段，却能更准确、更生动地表达原意。）,IV.Practice,7.Rain or shine,Ill go there.,雨也罢，晴也罢，我都要去那。（使译文生动流畅）。,8.If you go to Beijing,dont forget to see my younger brother.,你要是去北京的话，别忘了去看一看我弟弟。,IV.Practice,9.May I extend my heartiest congratulations to the great Ch
17、inese people and its Communist Party,through you,for the glowing success of your tremendous revolution,which is now inspiring the world.,让我通过您最忠心地祝贺伟大的中国人民及其共产党，祝贺你们的巨大革命的辉煌胜利，这个胜利正在鼓舞着全世界。,IV.Practice,10.Water can be decomposed by energy,a current of electricity.,水可以用能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电流。,11.Is he a fri
18、end or an enemy?,他是朋友还是敌人？,IV.Practice,12.We talked of ourselves,of our prospects,of the journey,of the weather,of each other-of everything but our host and hostess.,我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到彼此的情况，-谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。,13.Jesse opened his eyes.They were filled with tears.,杰西睁开眼睛，眼里充满的泪水。,IV.Practice,14.
19、Happy families also had their own troubles.,幸福家庭有幸福家庭的苦恼。,15.Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.,谁犯了纪律，谁就应该受到批评。,IV.Practice,16.Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside.,上大学的上大学了，下乡的下乡了。,17.He wanted to send them more aid,more weapons and a few more men.,他
20、想给他们增加些援助，增添些武器，增派些人员。,IV.Practice,18.He was proficient both as a flyer and as a navigator.,他既精于飞行，又善于导航。,IV.Practice,V.Summary,A.Amplification in translation 1.根据词义或修辞需要增词 2.根据语法需要增词B.Repetition in translation 1.为了明确重复 2.为了强调重复 3.为了生动重复 1)运用两个四字词组成或四字对偶词组。2)运用词的重叠,VI.Assignments,Finish your handouts Do further reading to enlarge your vision,VII.References for further reading,陈秋劲编著.英汉互译理论与实践（第一版）.湖北：武汉大学出版社，2005.2.范仲英编著.实用翻译教程（第一版）.北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2005.3.郝丽萍等编著.实用英汉翻译理论与实践（第一版）.北京：机械工业出版社，2006.4.叶子南著.高级英汉翻译理论与实践（第一版）.北京：清华大学出版社，2001.,V.Assignments,The End,Thanks for Your Attention,
