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1、考研作文讲解,第一部分：考研作文评分标准,全国硕士研究生入学考试英语大纲要求考生在40分钟内完成160-200单词的英语大作文。所写的作文作应具备：1）单词拼写正确，标点使用正确，语法准确无误，用词合理恰当；2)作文结构合理，内容统一连贯，字数符合要求。评定考研作文成绩，首先看内容是否符合题意的要求；然后看语言表达是否正确、清楚、通顺；最后根据用词、用句、分段优劣采用通篇分档计分。其分档计分标准如下：,第一档：2017分：内容切题，包括提纲的全部要点；表达清楚，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求（160-200单词）。第二档：1613分：内容切题，全部包括题目的要点；表
2、达比较清楚，文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求（160-200单词）。第三档：1210分：内容切题，基本包括题目的要点；表达基本清楚；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求（160-200单词）。,第四档：95分：内容基本切题，基本包括题目的要点；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和用词错误。文章长度基本符合要求（120-160单词）。第五档：41分：基本按题写作，但只有少数句子可以理解。第六档：0分：文不切题，语句混乱，无法理解。,第二部分：考研图画作文题目写作思路分析,作为考研图画作文的一般写作思路，开头第一句应该概括交代图画的主要内容。把这一句写上
3、，文章的首句就完成了。接下来就要对图画的主要细节进行扩展描写。描写时，需要用最简明的句子把主要细节写清楚，次要细节可以酌情考虑写或不写（考虑的依据是插入次要细节后，句子的结构能否安排通顺，篇幅是否过长或过短），更次要的细节不要提及，目的是让没有图画的读者见文如见画。,另外，在首段还可以用一句小结的话作为结尾，简单提及图画所涵盖了哪个社会现象，当然，也可以不加这样的话，直接留待第二段再写。本段通常使用2到3句话，40到50词。,作为论述段的第二段是整篇作文中篇幅最长、最具说理性的一段，其开头必须要有主题句，通常这一主题句的内容是指明图画所反映的社会现象，并加以定性、定范围。主题句给本段定下了基调
4、，随后应根据主题句展开论述。针对这一社会问题，可以对其发生的原因，具体的表现，缺点和优点，以及不同人群对它的不同看法等各个方面来进行展开论述。,论述时，可以用论证法（即采用说理性文字作为论据）、例证法（即举例作为论据，并加以阐述分析）或者对比论述法（通常对于优点和缺点都需要提及的论述采取此方法）等各种方法。但是需着重注意的是，使用例证法时，最多只能用12句话把例子说清，剩余的篇幅应着重对所举例子进行阐述；使用对比法时，切忌对比双方篇幅相同，应该以其中一方为主，另一方为辅。本段通常使用6句话，70到90词。,结尾段同样需要用主题句明确提出自己的观点，然后详细展开这一观点。根据文章题材的不同，结尾
5、段可以对好的社会现象提出表扬（观点），并进一步提出发扬光大的方法措施（展开），也可以针对不好的社会问题指出需要改进（观点），并详细论述由谁来改进，怎么改进（展开）；具体情况具体分析。最后一般使用一句总结的话作为结尾，把全文的主题思想提升一个高度。末段通常使用3到4句话，50到60词。,历年真题写作题型定义：,1）个人偏好。个人偏好指的是利弊参半的问题，如生活在农村还是城市各有利弊，利弊要因每个人的不同偏好而判定；2）有形社会问题。有形社会问题指的是只有依靠政府才能够解决的一些社会问题，如生态失衡、假冒伪劣产品泛滥等社会问题；3）无形社会问题。无形社会问题指的是通过政府或法律手段无法很好解决的一
6、些社会问题，如养老问题、青少年盲目崇拜等社会问题；4）人生哲理。人生哲理指的是不同的人生观和价值观，如逆境出人才、自强不息、勇于拼搏等话题。,二、注意事项,从19982010年，考研历史上图画作文考过12次，其中1998、2001、2002、2004、2005,2008,2009,2010是一图写作，2000、2003、2006三年是两图写作。2007年命题独出心裁，一图写作中暗含两图对比。根据教育部公布的大纲解析，大作文四大要素为描述、寓意、分析、评论。根据今年考题，首段应是图画描述，不应发表太多议论，否则属于跑题。图画描述至少应有两句，根据大纲解析，如果图画只字未提，扣三分之一的分数；如果
7、图画只描述一句，属于描述不充分，扣3分。可将大图总体描述一句，然后将两幅小图分别描述各一句即可。,第二段意义阐释可以分析这个问题背景、事实、反方观点、原因或后果；正反论证均可，第二段应对问题进行分析评论，同一事物不同角度均可，关键是考查考生的语言表达和结构清晰，而非内容、观点或思维。举例论证时，举出一至两个例子均可。最好不要流于记叙，应有主题句和小结，写成夹叙夹议的段落。,历年真题习作举例分析,2010年考研英语作文,1、解释它要表达的意思2、简单描述这幅图3、给出你的评论注：火锅里的文字有：佛、功夫、解构、礼、毕昇、儒、后现代、老舍、莎士比亚、爱因斯坦、道、仁、天鹅湖、启蒙、京剧等。,真题解
8、析,2010年考研英语大作文再次考察图画作文，这已是考研写作第十二次考查图画作文这种题型，广大考生应该不会陌生。图中的火锅里，五味杂陈着诸多多元文化元素，大致可分为三类：一是古今名人，包括中国古代的印刷术发明者毕昇，现代作家老舍，16世纪英国作家莎士比亚，现代物理学泰斗爱因斯坦；二是哲学概念，涵盖中国古代的儒、佛、道、仁、礼，西方的启蒙、人本、后现代与解构；以及京剧、功夫、天鹅湖等中外表演艺术。文字说明显示：文化“火锅”，既美味又营养。显而易见，本文的主题是多元文化融合这一正面观点。2002年考研写作题目即“文化民族与世界”，八年之后，考研写作再次考查文化交流这一话题。,本文提纲与2008、2
9、009年提纲完全一致，第一段为图画描述，应将图画描述一至二句，最好能够写出图中的一些术语，多多益善，展示自己的词汇基本功，末句可点出图画文字说明。第二段为意义阐释段，最好首句点出图画的象征寓意：多元文化融合，其次使用因果、举例、正反或联系现实等多种手段进行充分论证。第三段为归纳结论，可以提出自己的观点，并给出结论或建议。只要考生语言精彩（正确+变化）、结构严谨、论证充分，即可取得理想成绩。,参考范文,As is symbolically illustrated in the portrayal,there is a boiling hotpot containing various ingre
10、dients of multi-cultures.These pluralistic cultures can be categorized as celebrities home and abroad as Bi Sheng,Lao She,Shakespeare and Einstein,philosophical concepts as Buddhism,Taoism,Confucianism,benevolence,rite,humanism,enlightenment,post-modernism and deconstruction,as well as performing ar
11、ts as Peking Opera,Kung fu and Swan Lake.We are informed that the culture“hotpot”is both delicious and nutritious.,The purpose of the cartoonist is to show us that instead of being outdated and of little value in a rapidly modernizing world,cultural blending should be encouraged and maintained.On on
12、e hand,mosaic cultures are part of the universal heritage of humanity and they are powerful means of bringing together diverse people and social groups.Consequently,cultural reintegration has become indispensable as a means of promoting further culture development and maintenance.On the other hand,f
13、or China,as for any other rapidly developing country,there is a danger that age-old customs and traditions may become lost in the shadows of modernization.If kung-fu,Peking Opera or goose lake ballet ever perished from the earth,it would be a tragedy of immeasurable proportions.,In my view,multi-cul
14、tures can be kept alive by the people with the time to do so,and is extremely vital in ensuring a communitys future development and prosperity.As a consequence of successful commercialization efforts,unwavering government support and growing interest overseas,the future of cultural blending looks br
15、ighter and more secure than ever before.,参考译文如图象征性所示，一只沸腾的火锅中拥有诸多多元文化元素。这些多元文化可分为毕昇、老舍、莎士比亚、爱因斯坦等国内外名人，佛、道、儒、仁、礼、启蒙、人本、后现代、解构等哲学概念，以及京剧、功夫、天鹅湖等表演艺术。文字说明显示：“文化火锅，既美味又营养。”画家的目的是告诉我们文化融合并未过时或失去价值，相反还应鼓励和保持。一方面，多元文化作为全体人类遗产的一部分，是将不同人群和社会群体融合的有力方式。因此，文化融合作为促进文化发展和保护的一种方式，已经不可或缺。另一方面，中国跟世界上其他快速发展的国家一样，年久的
16、习俗和传统面临着消失在现代化阴影里的危险。如果京剧、功夫或天鹅湖从地球上消失，那将是不可估量的悲剧。,在我看来，如果人们能为多元文化花费时间的话，那么它就能得以保护。这对确保社会将来的繁荣和发展都至关重要。由于成功的商业努力、政府坚定不移的支持和不断增长的海外兴趣，多元文化的将来会比过去任何时候更明朗、更安全。,09年考研英语大作文真题范文,大作文是：网络的近与远 一、客观描述图：很多人在上网二、说明意思：网络的普及是拉近了人们的距离还是使人们越来越疏远?三、给出观点,范文一,As is symbolically illustrated in the portrayal,the interne
17、t is a network of thousands of networks,linking schools,universities,businesses,government agencies,libraries and millions of individuals.the internet exerts such a profound effect on our life that it revolutionizes the way of peoples living and work.,The exaggerative and impressive cartoon has subt
18、ly revealed the duality of the relationship between man and internet.On one hand,something like information superhighways,the internet can bring many conveniences into the school,home and office.With a basic computer and modem,any individual can call up information about almost anything from almost
19、anywhere and anytime.but on the other hand,a great many people admit that they are too much addicted to internet to maintain a regular and wholesome lifestyle.Such a waste of time inevitably leads to their failure in their life and work.,Hence,it is necessary for us to use internet in a reasonable w
20、ay and restrain from overindulgence.for one thing,in addition to providing us many of the facilities and services we now must travel to obtain,with the internet,the computer will even let us communicate directly with other homes and with information sources worldwide.for another,as nearly all activi
21、ties could be conducted in the comfort of our homes,we could all become hermit-like,never feeling any need to leave the computer.accordingly,the challenge of the internet means we should consider how we can use it,so that it wont control us.,范文二,The above picture vividly depicts a huge spider web wh
22、ich is a symbol of Internet.It is universally acknowledged that Internet,an entirely new way of communication,is becoming so popular nowadays that its difficult to imagine modern life without it.Undoubtedly,it exerts a profound effect on our life that it revolutionizes the way of peoples living and
23、thinking.,Definitely,the symbolic meaning of the picture subtly conveyed should be taken into deep consideration.To begin with,with the Internet,it is convenient and fast for people to get a variety of information and what they need to do is just to press key buttons.Whats more,the great utility of
24、the Internet allow people within a company,across a nation or even around the world to work together.Finally,we can do almost everything via Internet in a long run.Specifically,we can conduct E-business,advertise our products,book an air ticket,buy and sell stocks,even hunt a new job through clickin
25、g the mouse.Nevertheless,it is a two-edged sword as well and has its own negative effects.,To illustrate,some people tend to spend hours on Internet for the sake of relaxation and develop addictions.As a result,the public have an emotional distance sometimes and thus few communications in reality du
26、e to Internet addiction without self-restriction.From what have been discussed above,it is clear that with a personal computer and modem any individual can call up information about almost anything from almost anywhere and almost anytime on the Web.All in all,Internet,an indispensable part in modern
27、 life,has the power to connect people and,yet,to some extent,separate people in reality.Accordingly,the challenge of the internet means we should consider how we can use it,so that it wont control us.,08考研大作文真题解析及范文,Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you sho
28、uld1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and then3)give your comments.You should write neatly on Answer Sheet 2.文字说明：“你一条腿，我一条腿；你我一起，走南闯北。”,As is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon,supporting each other with their powerful hands,two handicapped adolescents are continuing
29、 their new journey on the ground.Crutches left behind,they have successfully cracked the hard nut of lameness which might have confused the majority of the disabled.The caption indicates,“You have merely one leg and so do I.Helping each other,we can travel extensively.”,Undoubtedly,we can deduce fro
30、m the portrayal that the cartoonist is trying to attract our attention to the issue of cooperation.According to a survey conducted among a group of people who were in the same college class 10 years ago,those who are ready to give their cooperation to others all become rich or managers of all field,
31、while not a single young man having difficulty in getting along with their classmates becomes an executive or boss.Why those who are excellent in team work tend to be managers or own their own enterprise in their later life?The answer seems self-evident.,On the one hand,if you are competent in profe
32、ssion,but have difficulty in getting along with your colleagues and even your boss,you can hardly survive the corporation.On the other hand,your chances of success are much higher with wide circle of friends who are willing to cooperate with you to provide information and resources.It is my view tha
33、t,first of all,we can frequently use the drawings to enlighten the juvenile to learn to cooperate successfully with each other.On the other hand,whatever difficulty or situation we are confronted with,those who have the spirit of cooperation and team work are nearer to success.Just as John Adams,the
34、 second U.S.president quoted from the ancient Greek Aesops Fables,“United we stand,divided we fall.”,2007年考研大作文真题,Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should 1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its extended meaning,and then 3)support your v
35、iew with an example/examples You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points),2007年考研作文真题作文,一、命题解析,07年大作文题目较抽象，很多同学叫苦不迭，估计全国平均分在10-11分左右。19912005的15年来，考研写作一般是中性话题，不是当年最热门的话题，也不是冷僻话题。2006年考查了05年国内最热门的话题：偶像崇拜问题。07年考研写作命题再次回归中性话题：自信与挑战，但是话题中隐含了06年的热门话题：德国世界杯。,2005年养老足球赛，2006年崇拜足球明星“贝克汉姆”，2007年“点球大
36、战”，考研写作命题连续三年陷入“足球怪圈”。加之2004年图画中跑道上的运动员，考研图画作文已经连续四年与体育相关，确实是一个有趣的现象。图画中是一幅点球决战的场面，使人联想起2006年6月烽烟四起的德国世界杯战场，无数点球大赛惊心动魄。面对点球这一巨大的挑战与困难，守门员想到的是球门如此之大，自身如此渺小，自然悲从中来；而球员想到的却是球门如此之小，门将如此神武，不免噤若寒蝉。面对挑战，双方想到的都是困难重重，缺乏自信。这是一幅反面现象的图画，考前很多传言认为会考正面观点的题目，谣言不攻自破。,很多同学害怕自己因为跑题，导致低分，其实不必过虑。考研写作的第二大黄金原则是：语言第一位、结构第二
37、位、内容第三位。阅卷老师最重视的是语言功底，而非逻辑构思；考研写作是语言考试，而非思维考试。在考场上短暂的时间中，考生普遍认为此题偏难，但切勿浪费太多时间进行构思，只要观点相关即可。考研写作的观点并无正确与错误之分，只要不跑题，相关即可。以2006年考研写作题目为例，根据教育部公布的英语大纲，写成正面观点、反面现象均可，正面观点可写人们对于足球的热衷，对于追求的执着；反面现象可写偶像崇拜、盲目追星。两种写法均不扣分。07年作文也不例外，写成自信、挑战、人生态度、不同角度均可，只要没有跑题太远即可。关键是语言基本正确、丰富多变；结构清晰、逻辑严谨。,经典范文,It is symbolically
38、 illustrated in the cartoon that a striker is preparing to shoot at the goal defended by a goalkeeper on a football field.In the goalkeepers mind,he is so much smaller than he actually is that guarding the goal becomes a mission impossible.On the contrary,the giant guard seems to fill up the whole g
39、oal in the attacking players mind.,The purpose of the drawing is to show us that in the face of seemingly insurmountable challenges or predicament,possessing self-confidence is of utmost significance.Regardless of how much success one has had in school or at work,there are bound to be times when he
40、or she will encounter difficulties and problems.It is at these critical times that his self-confidence,towards difficulty and life in general,eventually plays a crucial role in determining whether he can turn failure into victory.,I can think of no better illustration than the following one.Helen Ke
41、ller was born deaf,dumb and blind,certainly nothing to give her self-confidence.Nevertheless,she went on to conquer her multiple handicaps to finally become a writer and lecturer,to become an inspiration to all.This case effectively clarifies that no matter what tasks we are confronted with,we shoul
42、d never overestimate the difficulties or underestimate our abilities.,参考译文,这幅漫画生动描述了足球场上的一名前锋正准备将球射入守门员把守的球门。在守门员看来，自己比起实际的身材渺小很多，以至于守门变成一个不可能完成的任务。反之，在那名前锋眼里，这位巨人守门员似乎占据了整个球门。这幅漫画的目的是告诉我们在看似不可克服的挑战与困境面前，最重要的是拥有自信。无论一个人在学校或工作中曾经如何成功，终有一天他会遭遇困难和问题。关键时刻，正是他对困难和人生的自信最终决定他能否反败为胜。没有什么例子比下面的例子更有说服力。海伦凯勒天生
43、聋哑失明，当然没什么让她自信。但她不断克服多种障碍，最终成为一名作家和教师，成为世人的楷模。这个例子清楚证明了无论面临何种任务，我们决不能高估困难或低估自己的能力。,范文详解,本文共三段十句，总分总结构。语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当，语言自然流畅，语法错误极少，词汇和语法结构丰富多变。有效使用了多种衔接手法，文字连贯，层次清晰；内容完整，论证充分。首段图画描述共三句，总分结构。首句总体描述图画的三大要素：人物（前锋守门员）、动作（射门守门）、环境（足球场），使用了物称代词作形式主语、被动语态、主语从句、现在进行时和过去分词短语作后置定语。二三两句分别挖掘两幅小图的细节词、串连成句，并列结构。
44、第二句描述守门员眼中任务艰巨、无法完成，出现了介词短语放在句首作状语、三次主系表结构、两个从句（比较状语从句、表语从句）。第三句描述在前锋眼中，对手强大、难以战胜。首段先后出现了“it is symbolically illustrated that,striker,shoot at the goal,defended by a goalkeeper,mission impossible,on the contrary,giant guard 等精彩语言。,第二段意义阐释共三句，总分总结构。首句是主题句及全文的中心思想，点出图画的深层象征寓意：面对挑战应该充满自信，使用了两次主系表结构、不定式
45、短语作表语、介词短语放在句首作状语、动名词短语作定语。二三两句进行正反论证，第二句进行让步，使用了介词短语放在句首作状语、宾语从句、现在完成时、主谓倒装、定语从句。第三句进行正面论证和小结，使用了强调句、介词短语作定语和宾语从句。第二段依次运用了 the purpose of the drawing is to show us that,in the face of,challenges and predicament,self-confidence,is of utmost significance,regardless of,no matter how,there are bound to
46、 be times when,encounter difficulties and problems,it is.that,critical,eventually play a crucial role,turn failure into victory等精彩表达。,第三段举例论证共四句，总分总结构。首句承上启下进行过渡。二三两句举出海伦凯勒的例子进行论证，具体生动，使用了过去时和平行排比结构。尾句进行小结，前后呼应，运用了让步状语从句。尾段先后出现了 illustration,deaf,dumb and blind,conquer multiple handicaps,inspiration
47、,this case effectively clarify that,no matter what,are confronted with,overestimate,underestimate等精彩语言。,【推荐范文】,This cartoon humorously presents a scene of a football game with the two rivals facing each other.The striker on one team is preparing to make a decisive shoot while the goal-keeper on the
48、opposite team is posing for defence.However,under overwhelming pressure both of them are losing their confidence.The striker magnifies the goal-keeper in his mind so that chances of shooting in are slim.Likewise,the goal-keeper minimizes his own image as if he couldnt defend the goal successfully.,这
49、幅漫画幽默地呈现了足球赛的一个场面，两个对手正在面对面较量。其中一个队的射门球员正准备做出决定性的射门动作，而对手球队守门员也摆出了防御的姿势。然而，在巨大的压力之下，两个人的信心都在丧失。射门球员头脑中放大了守门员的形象，以至于射中的可能性几乎不可能。同样，守门员把自己想得很小，似乎他无法成功地守住球门。,Apparently,the purpose of the picture is to emphasize the importance of self-confidence in our daily life.On account of the quickening pace of li
50、fe,competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life,imposing tremendous pressure on all individuals.The past few years have witnessed dramatic increase in the difficulty of examinations and employment.We must maintain powerful self-confidence and optimism in the face of challenges so as to
