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1、,1】They will see _off.A.I;you and Tom B.you;Tom and I C.Tom;you and me D.you;Tom and me,并列人称代词的排列顺序,单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称 第三人称 第一人称you he/sheit-I You,he and I should return on time2)复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称 第二人称 第三人称weyouThey注意在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。a.在承认错误，承担责任时，It was I and John that made her angry.是我和约翰惹她生
2、气了。b.在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称，如：I and you try to finish it.c.并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时，d.当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。,双重所有格,物主代词不可与 a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,several,no,each,every,such,another,which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。构成形式：“of+名词所有格或者名词性物主代词”公式：a,an,this,that+名词+of+名词性物主代词。如：a friend of mine.each brothe
3、r of his.1.双重所有格是由非生物的所有格(即of+名词)与生物的所有格(如mothers,Toms等)共同构成的。2.双重所有格的形式可为名词+of+名词的所有格,其中of后面的生物的所有格之后的名词被省略;也可为名词+of+所有代名词。,Tom,Mike,and Mary were classmates of Stephens.汤姆,迈克和玛丽是史迪文的同学。在生物的所有格Stephens之后,省略了名词classmates,生物的所有格所代表的同学的数量超过此文提到过的三人。Mr.Green and Mr.Brown are neighbors of mine.格林先生和布朗先生
4、是我的邻居。of之后的所有代名词=所有形容词my+名词neighbors,它所代表的邻居的数量超过此文提到过的两人。3.双重所有格多由a,an,this,that,these,those,any,some,each,every,many,more,most,either,neither,no,much,another,several,enough,such,one,two等冠词、指示形容词、不定形容词、数量词或疑问形容词which+名词+of+名词的所有格或所有代名词构成。,He is a teacher of my sisters.他是我妹妹的一位老师。A friend of hers ha
5、s gone to London.她的一位朋友去了伦敦。This tool of his is useful.他的这个工具很有用。Its no business of yours.这不关你的事。That great idea of Davids brought us a lot of trouble.戴维的那个好主意给我们带来了很多麻烦。Which novel of Dickens are you reading?你在读狄更斯的哪一本小说?,4.如果双重所有格中of前面的名词是portrait,picture,printing,statue,photograph等时,是指有关的人所收藏的肖像或
6、照片等,而不是他本人的肖像或照片。This is a portrait of Mr.Whites.这是怀特先生的一幅画像。本句指怀特先生所收藏的一幅画像。This is a portrait of Mr.White.这是怀特先生的一幅画像。本句指画中画的是怀特先生。但也有特例：门的钥匙the key to the door 问题的答案the answer to the question 公园的出口the entrance to the park,指示代词,英语指示代词表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。
7、this（复数形式是these），是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物。that（复数形式是those），是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。1 指示代词的基本用法（在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语）This is my doll.That is Marys。这是我的洋娃娃，那是玛丽的。1.作主语That is a good idea.那是个好主意。,2.作表语What I want is that（this）.我想要的是那（这）个。3.作宾语You like this but I like that.你喜欢这个，而我喜欢那个。4.作定语What is the use of tho
8、se books？那些书有什么用处呢？,2 指示代词的特殊用法The history of China is as interesting as that of America.中国的历史和美国的历史一样有趣。1.为了避免重复，可用that，those代替前面提到过的名词。但是this，these不可代替。The weather of Kunming is better than that（=the weather）of Beijing.北京的天气不如昆明。The radios made in Shanghai are as good as those（=the radios）made in
9、Tianjin。上海生产的收音机和天津生产的一样好。Her interests are different from those（=the interests）of her childhood.她的兴趣和童年时代不同了。,2.this，that有时可代替句子或句中的一部分。He was ill.Thats why he didnt come.（that作主语，代替He was ill.）他病了，那就是他没来的原因。He broke the window，and that cost him 10dollars.他打破了窗玻璃，那（打破玻璃这件事）要花费他10美元。,关系代词,关系代词的分类关系代
10、词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物。见表：,关系代词的基本用法,1）引导定语从句关系代词代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：The girl whom I spoke to is my cousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。（该句中whom既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。）英语This is the pencil whose point is broken.这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。(whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语)He came back for the book which he had
11、 forgotten.他回来取他丢下的书。（which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）,2）which可以句子为其先行词例如：He said he saw me there,which was a lie.他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。,（3）其他用法关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略，例如：Ive forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。Hes changed.Hes not the man he was.他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。注释：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略，that在从句中作表语时也可省
12、略。非限定性定语从句中，不能用that作关系代词。,三个特殊关系代词的用法,but，as，that作关系代词引导定语从句 but既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含否定的意思，其作用相当于that/which/whonot。它前面的主句通常有否定的词（如：no，not，little，few，hardly等）。but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用，达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。例如：There is no mother but loves her own children（=There is no mother that/who does not love her own ch
13、ildren）没有不爱自己孩子的母亲,as既可指人，也可指物，常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as/such/the same等修饰词。例如：He is as brave a man as ever lived他是世界上最勇敢的人。Dont read such books as are not worth reading不要读那些不值得读的书。as作关系代词，还可用来引导非限制性定语从句，as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末。例如：Taiwan，as we all know，is an inseparable part of China As we
14、all know，Taiwan is an inseparable part of China Taiwan is an inseparable part of China，as we all know,that既可指人，也可指物，可作关系代词来引导定语从句。that前通常有表比较的词。例如：Fewer friends that we had expected came to our evening party来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少。在使用上述三个特殊的关系代词时，还要注意区分下列两个词组：1suchthat表如此以致的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而suchas表像这（那）样的
15、意思，用来引导定语从句，as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语等。试比较下列两个句子：He is such an honest man that we respect him他是一个如此诚实的人以致我们都尊敬他。He is such an honest man as we respect他像我们所尊敬的那种诚实的人。2the samethat表同一人或物，而the sameas表同种类的东西。试比较下列两个句子：This is the same book that I lost这就是我丢失的那一本书。（指同一本书）This is the same book as I lost我丢失的那一本书一模一样
16、。（并不是原来的那一本）,语法注意,1.常用that 不用which的情况:1）先行词为all,anything,everything,nothing,something等时。I will do all(that)I can to help you.2）先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only,the very等所修饰时。He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year.3）先行词既有人,又有物时 They talked about the people and the things(that)the
17、y remembered in the school.4）当主句是以who 或which开头的疑问句时,定语从句用that 引导,以避免重复。Who is the boy that was here just now?,2.若被修饰的名词充当从句介词宾语时 介词可提前于引导词之前,此时的引导词只能用whom 或which.The pencil with which he was writing broke.3.当先行词为way时 其后的定语从句用in which或 that引导,也可不用引导词。I dont like the way(in which/that)he talks to me.,
18、关系代词that的用法,1）不用that的情况 a)在引导非限定性定语从句时(错)The tree,that is four hundred years old,is very famous here.b)介词后不能用 We depend on the land from which we get our food.2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。b)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,the one,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。c)先行词有
19、the only,the very.（恰恰，正好）.any.few.little.no.all 修饰时，只用that。d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。e)先行词既有人，又有物时。Finally,the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。,不能用关系代词which的几种情况,1.当先行词为all,little,much,few,everything,none 等不定代词时关系代词用that而不用which.There are few books that yo
20、u can read in this book store.2.当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that,不用which.He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that,而不用which.Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities that I have ever visited.4.当先行词有序数词修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.The first sight that was caught at the Gr
21、eat Wall has made a lasting impression on him.5.当先行词被the only,the very,the same,the right等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.It is the only book that he bought himself.,6.当先行词被all,every,any,much,little,few,no等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.There is no clothes that fit you here.7.当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,定语从句关系代词一般用that而不用which
22、.Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?8.在强调句型 It is.that.中,只用that,不用which.It is in this room that he was born twenty years ago.9.在 such(the same).as.句型中,关系代词要用as,而不用which.We need such materials as(not which)can bear high temperature.10.表示 正如.那样,正象.之意时,用as,不用which.Mary was late agai
23、n,as had been expected,11：As 引导的定语从句可以放在主句前面,也可以放在主句后面或主句中间,而由 which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面。As we all know,oceans cover more than 70%of the earth.used to/be used to的分别 used to+do：过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful.be used to+doing：对已感到习惯，或习惯于，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)used to 的用法（否定式简写为usednt）过去经常，以前常常 This used to be a shabby house.（此房年久失修）used to,would这两个词语都可以表示过去常做某事，有时可以换用。used to do 强调过去习惯性的行为或状态，但是现在没有这种行为或状态了。因此，这个短语的内涵是今昔对比。,
