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1、语态,考点一 被动语态的应用 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态（某人做某事）；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态（某事被某人做）。一、各种时态的被动语态 被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。,考点二 被动语态的几种特殊形式 1.主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式，变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号to。例如：We saw an alien get out of the UFO.An alien was seen to get o
2、ut of the UFO.,【温馨提示】后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补部分不变。对比：We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room.Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room.,科目一考试 科目一模拟考试 仿真考试 最新试题,科目二考试 学车驾考科目二 技巧 视频 资料,Listening,2.谓语动词后接双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）时，（1）把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。例如：He gave me a new book.间接宾语 直接宾语I was given a new boo
3、k by him.,(2)把直接宾语变主语，间接宾语不变。例如：He gave me a new book.间接宾语 直接宾语A new book was given to me by him.,3.句中谓语是动词短语时，变为被动语态时要注意其完整性。Jack turned on the TV just now.The TV was turned on by Jack just now.4.带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只须把宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语仍保留在原处，作主语补足语。例如：Our teacher told us to clean the classroom at on
4、ce.We were told to clean the classroom at once by our teacher.,5.主动表被动(1)feel,look,sound,smell,taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。例如：The dishes smell so delicious.菜闻起来真香。Your idea sounds better.你的主意听起来更好。,(2)有些动词，如sell,cut,drive,wash,clean,write,open,lock等，作为不及物动词时可以用主动语态表示被动含义。例如：Books of Harry Potter sell well.
5、哈利波特系列的书很畅销。My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起字来很流畅。,(3)sth.need/want/require doing相当于sth.need/want/require to be done(不定式的被动结构)。例如：Your room needs cleaning.=Your room needs to be cleaned.你的房间需要打扫了。(4)be worth doing(值得做)中的doing表示被动含义。The movie is worth watching by everyone.这部电影值得所有人看一看。,6.不用被动语态的情况(1)系动词
6、、不及物动词或某些动词短语没有被动语态。例如：come true;fall asleep;keep quiet;take place等；(2)主动句的宾语是不定式或doing时不能用作被动语态的主语；(3)反身代词或each other不能作被动语态的主语。,7.被动语态与系表结构的区别“be+p.p.”表示动作时是被动语态；“be+p.p.”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。(1)含有“by+宾语”结构强调动作执行者，此时为被动语态。例如：The window is broken.窗户坏了。（系表结构）The window is broken by me.窗户是我打破的。（被动语态）,(2)句
7、中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般是被动语态。例如：The door was closed.门是关着的。（系表结构）The door was closed at 9:00.九点钟关的门。（被动语态）,(3)系表结构中常用介词搭配，被动语态中没有介词搭配。例如：Were worried about the boy.我们担心那个男孩。(4)系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。例如：Im really surprised at the news.我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。(5)系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态可用于多种时态。,单项选择1.（2012黔西南州中考）A football
8、match between class two and class three _ tomorrow afternoon.A.is held B.was heldC.must be held D.will be held【解析】选D。由时间状语tomorrow afternoon可知时态为一般将来时，再由主语A football match与hold之间存在被动关系可知用被动语态，故选D。,2.（2012六盘水中考）Look at that sign.Smoking _ here.A.isnt allowed B.doesnt allowC.arent allowed D.dont allow
9、【解析】选A。句意：看那个标识。这儿不准吸烟。smoking与allow之间存在被动关系，smoking是动名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数，故选A。,3.（2011重庆中考）Im glad to find that many trees _ in our city last year.A.plant B.plantedC.were planted D.are planted【解析】选C。many trees与plant之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态，再由时间状语last year“去年”可知时态为一般过去时，故选C。,4.(2011济南中考）Lets play computer games th
10、is evening.It _ good.A.sounds B.feels C.tastes D.smells【解析】选A。考查feel、look、sound、smell、taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。句意：让我们今天晚上玩电脑游戏吧！听起来好极了。故选A。,5.（2011宁波中考）There was a big earthquake in Japan,but luckily many people _.A.save B.savedC.are saved D.were saved【解析】选D。由主语和谓语动词是被动关系可知语态为被动语态，再由“There was.”可知是过去时，因
11、此用一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。,6.（2011贵阳中考）Were very glad to know that a great sports meeting _ in Guiyang this September.A.will hold B.will be heldC.will be hold【解析】选B。一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be+动词的过去分词”。故选B。,7.（2011兰州中考）In many places in China,the old over 90 _ not only by their family but also by the government.A.
12、is taking good careB.are taken good care ofC.is taking good care ofD.are taken good care,【解析】选B。句意：在中国的许多地方，超过90岁的老人不仅被他们的家人好好照顾着，而且也被政府照顾着。the old“老人”，指一类人，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，故排除A、C，被动语态中的动作须是及物动词或带介词的不及物动词，故选B。,8.（2011呼和浩特中考）At last the boy was made _ and began to laugh.A.stop crying B.to stop to cryC.
13、to stop crying D.stop to cry【解析】选C。句意：最后这个男孩被弄得停止了哭，开始笑了。make，have，see 等动词的复合结构在变为被动语态时要把主动语态中省略的to还原；stop doing“停止做”。故选C。,9.（2012黄石中考）You should have to stay behind if your homework _ before five oclock.A.isnt done B.wont be doneC.doesnt do D.wasnt done【解析】选A。homework与do之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态，再由if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来可知答案为A。,10.（2011长沙中考）May I use your cup,Tom?Sorry,it _ by my sister just now.A.was broken B.is broken C.broke【解析】选A。根据句意可知是被动语态，又因时间状语为just now，故选A。,
