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1、四六级完型类题型等词汇题型分类及特点,龙绍赟,规律、特色及其明显的变化趋势,六级考试的词汇题在命题范围上有其规律、特色及其明显的变化趋势。六级考试的词汇考点主要涉及上下文词义题、近义干扰题、近形干扰题、近义近形干扰题和句型题。,1、上下文词义题,近几年，随着5-6级通用词汇表的颁布实施、语法结构题从六级考试中的淡出及六级词汇在词汇题中比率的增多，基于上下文语义的词汇语义题的量在整个词汇题中的比率有显著的增加。这类试题占整套试卷词汇题的50%以上，考生应予以充分关注。这类试题的命题目的主要是考查考生对选择项的四个词汇的理解，一般多为六级词汇表中的词汇，考生只要熟悉其中三个单词，一般即能确定正确答
2、案。,1、上下文词义题,例1.There was once an _ idea that the eareh was flat and motionless.A.intrinsic B.absurd C.eternal D.offensive 例2.Although he has had no formal education，he is one of the _ businessmen in the company.A.shrewdest B.sternest C.nastiest D.alertest 以上二题8个选择项都为六级词汇，考生只要理解句子及选择项的词义，就能比较轻易地确定正确答
3、案分别为B和A。不涉及词义词形的辨析 或句型搭配方面的知识。,2、近义干扰题,这是一类传统考题中比较典型的一种题型，也一直使考生感到头痛。但六级考生对此不必望而生畏，因为首先这类题型在六级词汇考试中的比例不多;其次，六级词汇考试中，近义干扰题各选项之间的近义干扰系数并不大，一般只需抓住题干中的个别要害词并对四个选项的基本用法搭配有所了解即能选中正确答案。,2、近义干扰题,例3.As you have seen，the value of a nations currency is a _ of its economy.A.reaction B.reflection C.response D.re
4、velation 题中A、B、C为近义词，均有反应、反映之意，但A、C后常接介词to，故答案一定是B。,2、近义干扰题,例4.If the world is to remain peaceful the utmost effort must be made by nations to limit local _.A.collisions B.combats C.contradictions D.conflicts 这里，虽然四个选项都有冲突、矛盾、争斗之意，但collision指碰撞或意见、利益的冲突，combat指斗争、战斗，contradiction指矛盾、不一致，只有conflict有区
5、域性冲突、磨擦之意，故答案为D。较多的近义干扰题则完全是四级以下词汇。,2、近义干扰题,例5.This is the _ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.A.true B.original C.real D.genuine 题中四个选项A、C为中学词汇，B、D属四级词汇，其中A、C、D均有真、真实之意，但根据题意，这架钢琴就是这位作曲家原来在上面创作过一些名曲的那架，故正确答案为B，与真无关。,3、近形干扰题,真正意义上的近形干扰题中的四个选项看似相似，但意义差别较大，该类试题在六级考试中为数不多。,
6、3、近形干扰题,例6.The vast majority of people in any given culture will _ to the established standards of that culture.A.confine B.conform C.confront D.confirm（证实）考生只要能理解题干的句意，并注重四个选项的拼写及构词上的不同，就能比较有把握地确定正确答案（本题为B）。在六级考试中比较常见的近形干扰题一般以两组近形词交叉干扰的形式出现。,3、近形干扰题,例7.If you want this pain killer，youll have to ask
7、 the doctor for a _.A.receipt B.recipe C.subscription D.prescription 本例中，A、B两词和C、D两词分别组成两组近形干扰，两组干扰词又通过配方、单据、食谱之意巧妙组合在一起。这里，考生只要注重到题中的doctor和pain killer（止痛剂）就能明确答案为D。值得注重的是，近形干扰题中，因为要尽可能使所选单词在外形上相近，故一般都是同根词的干扰。,3、近形干扰题,例8.Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has become _ at many surv
8、ival skills.A.proficient B.persistent C.consistent D.sufficient 题中A、D两词同根，B、C两词同根，根据题意及句中at manyskills一短语，可知答案为A。,4、近义近形干扰题,由于许多近形干扰题的选项是同根词，它们在词义上必然有所联系，当这些词义相近到彼此轻易产生混淆时，近形干扰题就成了近义近形双重干扰的试题了。这类试题在六级考试中数量相对较少，但考生要注重平时词汇学习中对近义同根的辨析，把握它们语义上的不同侧重及用法搭配上的细微差别。,4、近义近形干扰题,例9.The naturalists are very keen
9、to _ the rare species of wildlife such as pandas and tigers that are in danger of becoming extinct.A.preserve B.conserve C.observe D.reserve 题中A、B、C、D四个同根词均有保护、保存、保留之意，preserve侧重为了不至于灭绝、损坏而进行的保护;conserve侧重为了减少浪费而进行的保护;observe则是对传统、习惯的保护、遵守;reserve则是为留作后用的保留、预订。根据题意，对濒危珍稀动物的保护应为A。,4、近义近形干扰题,例10.Altho
10、ugh not an economist himself，Dr.Smith has long been a severe critic of the governments _ policies.A.economical B.economy C.economic D.economics 题中四词均是经济的派生词，A、C为形容词，B、D为名词;A.economical虽有经济之意，但已与经济学、国民经济无关，是经济节约的经济，与thrifty同义，如an economical stove（省燃料的，经济节能炉）;C才是名词B经济和D经济学的形容词，作为经济政策的经济，当然应是C。,5、句型搭配题
11、,除上述词形、词义四类题型外，六级考试的词汇题在命题范围上还涉及一类与词汇用法搭配相关的试题，这类题在词汇题中所占比重并不少，主要包括动词的句型用法，动词、名词和形容词与介词的搭配等内容。,5、句型搭配题,例11.When he realized he had been _ to sign the contract by intrigue，he threatened to start legal proceedings to cancel the agreement.A.elicited B.excited C.deduced D.induced 题中A、D均有引诱之意，但只有D.induce
12、才用于sb.to do sth.（或sb.isd to do sth.）这一动词句型。故D为答案。,5、句型搭配题,例12.The changing image of the family on television provides _ into changing attitudes toward the family in society.A.insights B.understanding C.revelations D.specifications 本例中四个名词中，只有insights能与介词into连用，意为深刻的理解，虽然understanding也有理解之意，但不常与of搭配，
13、故答案只能是A。,5、句型搭配题,例13.A budget of five dollars a day is totally _ for a trip round Europe.A.inadequate B.incapable C.incompatible D.invalid 题中形容词inadequate常与for搭配;incapable常与of搭配;incompatible常与with搭配;而invalid一般后面不接介词。据此，答案只能是A。,词的词性及其搭配,六级考试词汇题从词性角度看主要涉及动词、名词、形容词和少量副词、短语介词和连接词。词汇题的应试应从词的词性及其搭配入手，在较长的
14、题干中找到决定正确答案的线索和依据即每道题的答题切入点，从而提高命中率，缩短答题时间。,一、动词题,对于选择项为动词的词汇题，我们主要应从以下几个角度确定答题的切入点:1.假如动词为不及物动词或被动语态，寻找句中该动词的主语，根据主谓的意义搭配关系确定答案。例1.Mike just discovered that his passport had _ three months ago.A.abolished B.expired C.amended D.constrained 本题根据选择项动词的主语passport（护照），可立即确定答案为B（过期）。,一、动词题,例2.Although th
15、ere are occasional outbreaks of gunfire，we can report that the rebellion has in the main been _.A.canceled B.destroyed C.suppressed D.restrained 本题找到了主语the rebellion（起义、暴动），即可知答案为C（被镇压）。,2.,假如动词为主动语态的及物动词，则主要应寻找句中该动词的宾语，根据动宾的语义搭配关系，一般也能非常有效地确定正确答案。,2,例3.Since the two countries couldnt _their differe
16、nces，they decided to stop their negotiations.A.rectify B.oblige C.reconcile D.obscure 本例中，由宾语their differences（分歧），即可知答案为C.reconcile（调和、调解）。,3.,3.对于通过主-谓，动-宾关系的判定尚无法确定答案的，如是及物动词，可同时根据其主语及宾语的特点来进行判定。例4.When people are asked what kind of housing they need or want，the question _ a variety of answers.A.
17、defies B.magnifies C.mediates D.evokes 本题中，仅根据宾语a variety of answers或主语the question，则无法确定该选哪个动词，但三者结合起来考虑，答案D.evokes便显而易见。如是不及物动词，则可同时根据其主语及状语修饰语来进行判定。,3.,例5.On turning the corner,we saw the road _steeply.A.departing B.depressing C.decreasing D.descending 例中，由逻辑主语road，再加上后续副词steeply即可明确答案为D。,4.,除了动词
18、与主、宾及状语的搭配之外，六级考题中还有相当一部分动词词汇题可通过空档后与动词搭配的介词来确定。例6.All individuals are required to _ to the laws made by their governments.A.obey B.conform C.comply D.observe 本题中虽然四个选择项均有服从、遵守之意，但根据后续介词to，即可找到答案为B。,5.,还有一类动词题，如考生对某些动词的句型搭配（Verb Pattern）比较熟悉的话，则也可以非常轻易地根据其常用句型搭配来选取答案。例7.His argument does not suggest
19、 that mankind can _ to be wasteful in the utilization of these resources.A.resort B.grant C.afford D.entitle 题中四个动词的常用句型分别是:resort to（doing）sth.;grant（同意给予）sb.sth.或grant（承认）sb.that从句;afford（to do）sth.和entitle sb.to（do）sth.由此可知答案必然为C。,5,例8.He would _ it that his son took a livelier interest in politi
20、cs.A.see into B.see through C.see about D.see to 根据题干空缺后的it that，考生马上就能想到有关动词see有see（to it）that这一句型搭配，故答案为D。,二、名词题,对于选择项为名词的词汇题，我们同样可从其与句中其它成分的搭配关系入手，迅速确定答案。只是对于名词来说，它主要有与前面动词的搭配即动宾关系，与后面动词的搭配即主谓关系、与前后作定语的修饰成分的搭配及与后续修饰短语的搭配等。,1.,根据前面的动词来确定需选的名词。例9.I think that I committed a _ in asking her because s
21、he seemed very upset by my question.A.blunder B.revenge C.reproach D.scandal 本题的四个选项中，只有A.blunder能与动词commit搭配。,1.,例10.We should make a clear _ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.A.separation B.discrimination C.deviation D.distinction 例中与动词make搭配的只有D.distinction。,2.,假如
22、选择项的名词在句中处于主语的位置，则可根据后面的谓语动词来判定正确答案。例11.The West is traditionally the land of the pioneers and the cowboys where _ could be easily made in cattle or land.A.fortunes B.property C.opportunities D.treasure本例中，正确答案为A.fortunes与作谓语的could be made构成搭配，意为发大财，赚大钱。,3.,假如空档处的名词前有定语修饰，则常可仅根据该修饰搭配关系确定正确答案。例12.Sto
23、p shouting.I cant hear the football _.A.judgement B.interpretation C.commentary D.explanation 本题根据football即可选C.commentary，意为足球比赛的评说。,4.,有时，也可根据所选名词的后续修饰搭配关系来确定正确答案，这类后续修饰成分包括一般的介词短语或定语从句等。例13.In the Spring Export Commodities Fair the _ of fine china attracted much attention of customers from all ove
24、r the world.A.succession B.array C.string D.procession 题中，根据of fine china（瓷器），当选B.array为正确答案，表示一大批排放整洁的精制瓷器;而A.succession表示一个紧跟着一个的一列;C.string表示一串;D.procession则表示队伍的一列。有时，后续的介词是与名词的固定搭配。这时确定哪个是正确答案就更为轻易。,4.,例14.Some fish have a greater _ for acid water than others.A.tolerance B.resistance C.dependen
25、ce D.persistence 题中四个名词分别有各自特定的介词搭配:tolerance for、resistance to、dependence on和persistence in，由此即可知答案为A。还有的时候，名词的后续修饰成份是某些名词特有的动词不定式短语或同位语从句。,4.,例15.It is very strange but I had an _ that the plane would crash.A.inspiration B.intuition C.imagination D.incentive 题中，只有intuition（直觉），能接同位语从句，故答案是B。,5.,有些
26、名词题涉及与该名词有关的成语，是某一固定成语的一部分，考生只要熟悉该成语，选取答案非常简单。例16.They tossed your thoughts back and forth for over an hour，but still could make _ of them.A.impression B.comprehension C.meaning D.sense 题中make sense of是一成语，意为“弄懂、理解”，虽然B.comprehension 和C.meaning的有“理解”、“意思”等义，但都不与make搭配，不能填。,三、形容词题,形容词主要用以修饰名词，所以对于选择项
27、为形容词的词汇题，我们首先要找到与该形容词相关的名词，从两者的语义搭配关系入手。,1.,假如空缺处形容词位于名词前作定语，则可根据该名词来确定需选的形容词。例17.Some criminals were printing _ dollar bills until they were arrested.A.decent B.fake C.patent D.suspicious 这里，用以修饰dollar bills的只有B.fake（假的、伪造的）。,1.,例18.Some children display an _ curiosity about every new thing they en
28、counter.A.incredible B.infectious C.incompatible D.inaccessible 题中，四个选项的词义分别为不可思议的、传染的、不可兼容的和不可到达的，根据名词curiosity（好奇的），当选A。,2.,假如空缺处形容词充当句子表语，则它所修饰的名词即为句子的主语，当根据作主语的名词来确定正确答案。例19.His body temperature has been _ for 3 days，the highest point reaching40.5.A.uncommon B.disordered C.abnormal D.extraordina
29、ry 本题中主语body temperature（体温），只有正常-normal与不正常-abnormal之分，故正确答案非常明显，为C。,2.,例20.Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was _ in tropical countries.A.prospective B.prevalent C.provocative D.perpetual 本题中，与空缺处相对的主语是this kind of eye disease，可知答案只能是B.prevalent（流行的），而不可能是预期的（A）、挑衅/逗的（C）或永恒的（D）
30、。,3.,有时，形容词题也可根据其后面的介词搭配或非凡句型来确定正确答案。例21.Although cats cannot see in complete darkness their eyes are much more _ to light than are human eyes.A.glowing B.brilliant C.sensitive D.gloomy 本例中，根据to light即可知答案为C.sensitive（对光敏感的）。,3.,例22.Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has become _ a
31、t many survival skills.A.proficient B.persistent C.consistent D.sufficient 以上四个选项中，只有A.proficient（熟练的）能与介词at搭配。,四、副词题,副词题相对较少。副词主要用以修饰动词或形容词，我们自然应从被它修饰的动词或形容词入手，来确定可能的答案。,1.,根据由空缺处副词修饰的动词，来确定正确答案。例23.Some people either _ avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.A.violently B.e
32、nthusiastically C.sincerely D.deliberately 题中，能修饰动词avoid的副词最有可能的是D.deliberately（故意地）。,1.,例24.These areas rely on agriculture almost _，having few mineral resources and a minimum of industrial development.A.respectively B.extraordinarily C.incredibly D.exclusively 本题中，四个副词分别地、异乎平常地、不可思议地和唯一地之中，只有D修饰re
33、ly on比较合适。,2.,假如空缺处的副词用以修饰后面的形容词，则该形容词的语义在确定答案时往往起着要害性作用。例25.When he finally emerged from the cave after thirty days，John was _ pale.A.enormously B.startlingly C.uniquely D.dramatically题中，能比较恰当地修饰形容词pale的副词应该是B.startlingly（令人吃惊地）。,2.,例26.Although the national government has introduces some new laws
34、on this subject，it is the state governments that are _ responsible for pollution control.A.precisely B.primarily C.progressively D.preliminarily 同样，本题中应当是由政府主要负责污染的控制，即答案为B。A.精确地、C.渐进地和D.初步地均不能修饰负责。,五、短语题,六级词汇题中还有为数不少的短语类试题，对于这类试题的解答，主要根据该短语的句法功能确定所分属的词类，然后再根据上述四大词类的不同解题方法解答即可。,1.,例27.The terrorists
35、 might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens，set to _ when it arrived in New York.A.go off B.get off C.come off D.carry off 本题选项为短词动词，在句法功能上为不及物动词，根据其逻辑主语a bomb，可知答案为A.go off（爆炸）。,1.,例28.Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were_.A.in no way B.on the contrary C.at a loss D.of
36、no avail 本例中四个选项为介词短语，根据句法功能作表语，相当于形容词，根据其对应的主语attempts可知答案为D.of no avail（徒劳无果的）。,2.,只是短语中还有一类不属于上述四大实词类的短语介词，对于解答这一类试题，一定要在理解空缺前后逻辑关系的基础上，才能较有把握地选定正确答案。,2.,例29.The younger persons attraction to stereos cannot be explained only _ familiarity with technology.A.in quest of B.by means of C.in terms of D.by virtue of 题中B和D为同义，均表示通过，D又有由于之意，A为寻找，C 为根据。根据题意，对年轻人喜欢立体声这一现象的解释，只能根据他对立体声技术的熟知程度来进行，故答案为C。,
