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1、课题八 绕线转子异步电动机的控制线路,YR系列 符号,绕线转子三相异步电动机，可以通过滑环在转子绕组中串接电阻来改善电动机的机械特性，从而达到减小启动电流、增大启动转矩以及调节转速的目的。,一、转子绕组串接电阻启动控制线路,1.转子串接三相电阻启动原理 启动时，在转子回路串入作Y形连接、分级切换的三相启动电阻器，以减小启动电流、增加启动转矩。随着电动机转速的升高，逐级减小可变电阻。启动完毕后，切除可变电阻器，转子绕组被直接短接，电动机便在额定状态下运行。,转子串接三相对称电阻器,转子串接三相不对称电阻器,2.按钮操作控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,FU2,KH,SB5,QS,SB1,K
2、M2,KM3,KM,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM,R1,R2,R3,KH,SB2,SB3,SB4,电路组成分析,KM,L1L2L3,KM1,SB5,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM,KM3,KM2,KM,R1,R2,R3,SB2,SB3,SB4,合上QS按下SB1绕线转子串联全部电阻启动,FU1,FU2,QS,KH,KH,L1L2L3,KM1,SB5,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM,KM3,KM2,KM,R1,R2,R3,SB2,SB3,SB4,按下SB2KM1线圈得电KM1触头闭合绕线转子串联R2,
3、R3启动,FU1,FU2,QS,KH,KH,L1L2L3,KM1,SB5,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM,KM3,KM2,KM,R1,R2,R3,SB2,SB3,SB4,按下SB3KM2线圈得电KM2触头闭合绕线转子串联R3启动,FU1,FU2,QS,KH,KH,L1L2L3,KM1,SB5,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM,KM3,KM2,KM,R1,R2,R3,SB2,SB3,SB4,按下SB4KM3线圈得电KM3触头闭合绕线转子切除全部电阻运行,FU1,FU2,QS,KH,KH,L1L2L3,KM1,SB5,SB1,K
4、M2,KM3,KM,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM,KM3,KM2,KM,SB2,SB3,SB4,松开SB4电动机继续运行,R1,R2,R3,FU1,FU2,QS,KH,KH,3.时间继电器自动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,FU2,KH,SB2,QS,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM,R1,KT1,KT2,KT3,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KH,电路组成分析,L1L2L3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,K
5、M,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,合上QS按下SB1KM线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM触头闭合绕线转子串联全部电阻启动KT1线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R
6、2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KT1延时闭合触头闭合KM1线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM1触头闭合绕线转子串联R2,R3启动KT2线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,K
7、M2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KT2延时闭合触头闭合KM2线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM2触头闭合绕线转子串联R3启动KT3线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,K
8、M1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KT3延时闭合触头闭合KM3线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM3触头闭合绕线转子切除全部电阻运行,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM
9、2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM3动断触头断开KT1线圈失电KT1触头断开KM1线圈失电KM1触头断开KT2线圈失电KT2触头断开电动机继续运转,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,4.电流继电器自动控制电路,L1L2L3,FU1,3,FU2,KH,SB2,QS,SB1,KM,KM,KA1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KA2,KH,KA1,KA,KM3,KA3,R3,KA3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,电路组成分析,L
10、1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KA1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KA2,KA1,KA,KM3,KA3,R3,KA3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,合上QS按下SB1KM线圈得电,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KA1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KA2,KA1,KA,KM3,KA3,R3,KA3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM触头闭合绕线转子串联全部电阻启动K线圈得电,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB
11、1,KM,KM,KA1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KA2,KA1,KA,KM3,KA3,R3,KA3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA动合触头闭合因启动电流大,KA1,KA2.KA3的动断触头断开,继续串联全部电阻启动,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KA1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KA2,KA1,KA,KM3,KA3,R3,KA3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,因速度加快，电流减小，KA1欠电流,动断触头闭合KM1线圈得电KM1触头闭合串联R2,R3
12、继续启动,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KA1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KA2,KA1,KA,KM3,KA3,R3,KA3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,因速度再加快电流继续减小 KA2欠电流,动断触头闭合KM2线圈得电KM2触头闭合串联R3继续启动,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KA1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KA2,KA1,KA,KM3,KA3,R3,KA3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,因速度再
13、加快电流继续减小 KA3欠电流,动断触头闭合KM3线圈得电KM3触头闭合切除全部电阻全速运行,FU2,KH,QS,KH,二、转子绕组串联频敏变阻器启动控制线路,频敏变阻器是一种阻抗值随频率明显变化、静止的无触点电磁元件。它实质上是一个铁心损耗非常大的三相电抗器。在电动机启动时，将频敏变阻器串接在转子绕组中，启动完毕短接切除频敏变阻器。,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,QS,KM1,KM1,KM2,RF,KT,KM2,KM1,KH,SB2,SB1,KT,KM2,KM2,KM2,电路组成分析,KH,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,KM1,KM2,RF,SB2,SB1,KT,KM2,KM2,合上QS按下
14、SB1KM1线圈得电KT线圈得电,KT,KM2,KM1,KM2,FU2,QS,KH,KH,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,KM1,KM2,RF,SB2,SB1,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1触头闭合电动机串联频敏电阻启动,KT,KM2,KM1,KM2,FU2,QS,KH,KH,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,KM1,KM2,RF,SB2,SB1,KT,KM2,KM2,KT延时闭合触头闭合KM2线圈得电KM2触头闭合切除频敏电阻电动机全速运行,KT,KM2,KM1,KM2,FU2,QS,KH,KH,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,KM1,KM2,RF,SB2,SB1,KT,KM2,KM2,KT线圈失电K
15、T延时闭合触头复位电动机继续全速运行,KT,KM2,KM1,KM2,FU2,QS,KH,KH,三、凸轮控制器控制线路中、小容量绕线转子异步电动机的启动、调速及正反转控制，常常采用凸轮控制器来实现，以简化操作，如桥式起重机上大部分采用这种控制线路。,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,54321012345,反转 零位 正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,电路组成分析,KM,KM,正转,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,54321
16、012345,反转 零位 正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,合上QS,按下SB1,KM,KM,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,54321012345,反转 零位 正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,KM触头闭合,KM,KM,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,SA10,SA11,SA12,SA
17、1,SA2,SA3,SA4,SA5,SA6,SA7,SA8,SA9,54321012345,反转 零位 正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,手轮转到“正”位置,KM,KM,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,SA10,SA11,SA12,SA1,SA2,SA3,SA4,SA5,SA6,SA7,SA8,SA9,54321012345,反转 零位 正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC
18、,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,手轮转到“正”位置,KM,KM,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,SA10,SA11,SA12,SA1,SA2,SA3,SA4,SA5,SA6,SA7,SA8,SA9,54321012345,反转 零位 正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,手轮转到“正”位置,KM,KM,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,SA10,SA11,SA12,SA1,SA2,SA3,SA
19、4,SA5,SA6,SA7,SA8,SA9,54321012345,反转 零位 正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,手轮转到“正”位置,KM,KM,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,SA10,SA11,SA12,SA1,SA2,SA3,SA4,SA5,SA6,SA7,SA8,SA9,54321012345,反转 零位 正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1
20、,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,手轮转到“正”位置,KM,KM,反转,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,54321012345,反转 零位 正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,合上QS,按下SB1,KM,KM,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,54321012345,反转 零位 正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,A
21、C1,AC4,AC2,AC3,KM触头闭合,KM,KM,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,SA10,SA11,SA12,SA1,SA2,SA3,SA4,SA5,SA6,SA7,SA8,SA9,54321012345,反转 零位 正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,手轮转到“反”位置,KM,KM,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,SA10,SA11,SA12,SA1,SA2,SA3,SA4,SA5,SA6,SA7,SA8,SA9,54321012345,反转 零位 正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,手轮转到“正”位置,KM,KM,
