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1、跟单信用证统一惯例（UCP600）,于强2006.10 上海,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,2,主要内容,UCP600产生的背景及过程UCP600与UCP500的比较分析UCP600实施后对于不同当事人的影响UCP600实施后出口商制单须注意的问题UCP600实施后开证行拒付及拒付后单据的处理,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,3,UCP600产生的背景及过程,信用证统一惯例修订进程的“十年之痒”1933年国际商会第82号出版物1952年国际商会第151号出版物1962年国际商会第222号出版物1973年国
2、际商会第290号出版物1983年国际商会第400号出版物1993年国际商会第500号出版物（仍在实施中）2006年国际商会第600号出版物（计划于2007年7月实施）,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,4,UCP600产生的背景及过程,UCP600修订的背景自UCP500生效以来，银行实务中围绕500产生的争议层出不穷*。为此，ICC于2002年初成立UCP修订工作小组，提出修订UCP500的动议。国际商会有关UCP500的系列出版物Position Paper No.1,2,3,4（修改/议付/非单据化条件/运输单据）Publication No.5
3、15/535/565/596URR525/ISP98/ISBP/Eucp*国际商会银行技术委员会遗憾而且关切地注意到，在UCP500实施以后，一些银行错误地解释和应用UCP500的一些条文。由于未能正确地运用这些条文，其结果严重防碍了按照UCP500开立的跟单信用证的使用。（Charles del BushChairman,ICC Commission on Banking Technique and Practice.Adopted from Foreword of Position Paper 1,2,3,4）,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,5
4、,UCP600产生的背景及过程,在2002年4月的ICC银行委员会会议上，各国代表对何时、如何修订UCP500未达成一致意见（我国赞成立即开始修订），但一致同意先对产生最多争议的七个条款进行评议。因为ICC提出的专家意见中超过58集中在UCP500这七个条款上。,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,6,UCP600产生的背景及过程,在2002年10月ICC银行委员会会议上，银行委员会技术顾问GARY COLLYER提供了一份评议七条条款的报告：第九条 开证行与保兑行的责任（共二十六次）第十三条 审核单据的标准（共四十三次）第十四条 不符点单据与通知（共六
5、十次）第二十一条 对单据出单人或单据内容未作规定（共二十九次）第二十三条 海运提单（共四十七次）第三十七条 商业发票（共二十六次）第四十八条 可转让信用证（共三十一次）,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,7,UCP600产生的背景及过程,多份研究报告显示，高比例、高频率发生的信用证拒付现象日益危机信用证在国际结算中的地位。IN THE EVENT THAT THE DOCUMENTS PRESENTED WITH DISCREPANCY,A DISCREPANT FEE OF USD60.00 OR EQUIVALENT WILL BEN DEDUCT
6、ED FROM THE PROCEEDS.,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,8,UCP600产生的背景及过程,From Introduction of UCP500：单据不符是信用证支付方式下一种极为普遍的现象，从1993年修订的跟单信用证统一惯例的前言可以看出：“一些调查表明，大约5跟单信用证下的单据因与信用证不符或表面不符而被拒收，这降低了跟单信用证的效力，对参与有关产品交易的各方产生财务影响，增加了成本，减少了进口商、出口商和银行的利润。有关跟单信用证的诉讼案激增也引起了人们极大的关注。”,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyrigh
7、t Reserved,9,UCP600产生的背景及过程,From Introduction of UCP600：When work on the revision started,a number of global surveys indicated that,because of discrepancies,approximately 70%of documents presented under letters of credit were being rejected on first presentation.This obviously had,and continues to h
8、ave,a negative effect on the letter of credit being seen as a means of payment and,if unchecked,could have serious implications for maintaining or increasing its market share as a recognized means of settlement in international trade.结论：信用证正日益成为拒付的工具。,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,10,UCP600产
9、生的背景及过程,UCP600修订的过程2003年5月，ICC正式授权ICC银行委员会启动UCP500修订工作修订工作的三层组织架构：The drafting Group（起草小组）The Consulting Group（咨询小组）ICC national committees（国家委员会）,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,11,UCP600产生的背景及过程,The drafting Group小组成员共10位成员，其中8位来自欧洲，其余两位分别来自美国和新加坡小组主席：Gary Collyer-ABN AMRO Bank N.V.,London,E
10、nglandThe Consulting Group小组成员小组由来自26个国家的40余位专业人士组成小组成员来自银行、运输及物流、保险等不同行业,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,12,UCP600产生的背景及过程,UCP600修订的过程FIRST STEP-REVISION PROCESS：全面回顾UCP500实施以来ICC发布的各类出版物、意见书及决定，吸收其中的合理条款。关于正本单据关于开证申请人与受益人详细地址关于预装船提单装运日期的确认,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,13,UCP600产生的背景
11、及过程,SECOND STEP-GENERAL OBJECTIVE：全面反映近年来国际银行业、运输业和保险业出现的变化，并体现一定的前瞻性；五个银行工作日删除了运输行单据条款明确了保险单据可以由代理人（proxies）出具,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,14,UCP600产生的背景及过程,全面检讨UCP500中的条款结构和文字措辞。从A组到G组分类的模块式组合到流水式条款通俗易懂、简约化的措辞 Nominated bank means the bank authorized in the credit to honour or negotiate
12、or,in the case of a freely available credit,any bank.(UCP Draft June)Nominated bank means the bank with which the credit is available or any bank in the case of a credit available with any bank.(UCP Final Version),2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,15,UCP600产生的背景及过程,THIRD STEP-CO-OPERATION：建立稳定的三
13、级合作机制This revision of the UCP represents the culmination of over three years of extensive analysis,review,debate and compromise amongst the various members of the Drafting Group,the members of the Banking Commission and the respective ICC national committees.From Gary Collyer,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copy
14、right Reserved,16,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Advising bankApplicantBanking dayBeneficiaryComplying presentationConfirmationConfirming bank,CreditHonourIssuing bankNegotiationNominated bankPresentationPresenter,第一次系统地对有关信用证的14个概念进行了定义,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,17,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Article 2 Defi
15、nitions For the purpose of these rules:Advising bank means the bank that advises the credit at the request of the issuing bank.Applicant means the party on whose request the credit is issued.,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,18,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Banking day means a day on which a bank is regul
16、arly open at the place at which an act subject to these rules is to be performed.Beneficiary means the party in whose favour a credit is issued.,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,19,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Complying presentation means a presentation that is in accordance with the terms and conditions
17、 of the credit,the applicable provisions of these rules and international standard banking practice.Confirmation means a definite undertaking of the confirming bank,in addition to that of the issuing bank,to honour or negotiate a complying presentation.,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,20,UCP60
18、0与UCP500的比较分析,Confirming bank means the bank that adds its confirmation to a credit upon the issuing banks authorization or request.Credit means any arrangement,however named or described,that is irrevocable and thereby constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank to honour a complying pre
19、sentation.,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,21,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Honour means:a.to pay at sight if the credit is available by sight payment.b.to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is available by deferred payment.c.to accept a bill of exchange(“draft”)drawn
20、by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance.,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,22,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Honour means:a.to pay at sight if the credit is available by sight payment.b.to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is avail
21、able by deferred payment.c.to accept a bill of exchange(“draft”)drawn by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance.,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,23,Article 19.Bank-to-Bank Reimbursement Arrangementsa.If an Issuing Bank intends that the reimbursement to whi
22、ch a paying,accepting or negotiating bank is entitled,shall be obtained by such bank(the Claiming Bank),claiming on another party(theReimbursing Bank),it shall provide such Reimbursing Bank in good time with the proper instructions or authorization to honour such reimbursement claims.(UCP500)第十九条 银行
23、间的偿付约定a开证行如欲通过另一银行（偿付行）对付款行、承兑行或议付行（均称“索偿行”）履行偿付时，开证行应及时向偿付行发出对此类索偿予以偿付的适当指示或授权。,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,24,hono(u)r 英汉简明辞典 n.尊敬,敬意,荣誉,光荣vt.尊敬,给以荣誉现代英汉综合大辞典vt.给.以光荣;礼遇;赐给尊敬;崇拜【商】承兑;兑现 hono(u)r a check 承兑支票,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,25,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Honour means:a.to pa
24、y at sight if the credit is available by sight payment.b.to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is available by deferred payment.c.to accept a bill of exchange(“draft”)drawn by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance.,2023/10/19
25、,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,26,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Issuing bank means the bank that issues a credit at the request of an applicant or on its own behalf.Negotiation means the purchase by the nominated bank of drafts(drawn on a bank other than the nominated bank)and/or documents under a complying prese
26、ntation,by advancing or agreeing to advance funds to the beneficiary on or before the banking day on which reimbursement is due to the nominated bank.,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,27,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,关于议付UCP500 Article 10（信用证的种类）Negotiation means the giving of value for Draft(s)and/or doc
27、ument(s)by the bank authorized to negotiate.Mere examination of the documents without giving of value does not constitute a negotiation.,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,28,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,UCP500 Article 9（开证行与保兑行的责任）An irrevocable Credit constitutes a definite undertaking of the Issuing Ban
28、k,provided that the stipulated documents are presented to the Nominated Bank or to the Issuing Bank and that the terms and conditions of the Credit are complied with:If the Credit provides for negotiation to pay without recourse to drawers and/or bona fide holders,Draft(s)drawn by the Beneficiary an
29、d/or document(s)presented under the Credit,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,29,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,ICC Position Paper No 2（第二号意见书）The Banking Commission wishes to clarify that for the purposes of UCP 500,the phrase giving of value in sub-Article 10(b)(ii)may be interpreted as either making immed
30、iate payment(e.g.by cash,by cheque,by remittance through a Clearing System or by credit to an account)or undertaking an obligation to make payment(other than giving a deferred payment undertaking or accepting a draft).,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,30,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,ICC Publication No.45
31、9：关于追索权议付行在任何情况下均享有追索权，除非该行保兑了信用证（The Commission finally decided to make a distinction between credits available through payment and credit available through negotiation.As to the former(available through payment),any recourse by the advising bank vis-vis the beneficiary was to be excluded if it had
32、 not expressed a reservation when making its payment.As to the latter credits(available through negotiation),the advising bank always had a right of recourse,unless it had confirmed the credit”.）,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,31,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,ICC Publication No.596 R259：议付的追索权银行提供议付时所要求
33、的条件，即是否保留追索权，不能由ICC来裁定。那些条件取决于当地法律及议付行与出口商之间的关系。应由受益人来决定是否接受那些条件并在“保留追索”的条件下取得款项。在这些情况下，受益人最好使信用证可自由议付，以使他们能够把单据提交给一家一旦接受单据将始终信守决定的被指定银行。,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,32,案例研讨,主证开证行：国内A银行主证受益人：嘉陵公司（香港）主证交单行、背对背信用证开证行：R银行香港分行背对背信用证议付行：STANDARD CHARTERED BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD,2023/10/19,Yuqiang
34、 Copyright Reserved,33,背景,99年10月26日，A开立信用证号为LCXXXX152/99，金额为USD1,400,000.00，受益人为“嘉陵公司”，信用证的付款期限为见票后85 天，适用任何银行自由议付10月29日，嘉陵公司凭上述信用证向R申请开立背对背信用证，证号为ILC90512，受益人为“Shin Yang公司”，金额为USD1,315,000.00，期限为即期，自由议付信用证通过马来西亚渣打银行通知受益人,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,34,11月5日，R银行从渣打银行收到背对背信用证项下单据。渣打银行在面函上声明
35、：已议付相符的单据R银行审单后亦认为单证相符11月9日，嘉陵公司向R银行提交主证项下全套单据，金额为USD1,401,495.42，期限为85 days sight，并指示R银行：“Please negotiate the above bill and pay our import bill under your L/C No.ILC90512 favouring Shin Yang Trading Sdn.,Bhd.for USD1,316,404.63”,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,35,交单,11月12日，R银行将主证项下单据以快邮方式寄给
36、A银行，其面函上声明：我行已议付单据11月19日，R银行汇出USD1,316,344.63给渣打银行，完成了其背对背信用证项下的付款,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,36,拒付,11月15日，A银行收到R银行提交的单据11月22日，A银行发出拒付，理由：产地证系由受益人出具、经当地商会加签的，并非信用证中要求的由当地商会出具。同时声明：“保留单据听候处理，一旦申请人接受不符点即放单，除非在此之前收到相反的指示。”,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,37,中止付款,11月23日，A银行收到法院的协助执行通知书，
37、以受益人嘉陵公司提交的不是主证项下的单据涉嫌欺诈为由，要求A银行：查封、扣押LCXXXX152/99信用证项下所有单据停止支付LCXXXX152/99信用证项下款项A银行当日将该情况通知R银行,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,38,交涉,11月24日，R银行致电A银行，称其所递交的单据已符合信用证条款，同时声明：作为议付行，即使在发生欺诈的情况下，也有权要求A银行偿付A银行以如下理由坚持拒付：不符点成立；否认R银行的议付行地位，认为其只是履行背对背信用证项下义务而已凭法院的止付令,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserv
38、ed,39,2000年7月，法院以证据不足为由，驳回了R银行提出的要求撤销止付裁定申请。法院认为：1999年11月19日，R银行于支付给渣打银行的款项只是履行了其第ILC90512号背靠背信用证项下的付款义务R银行向A银行提交单据的行为应认定为委托寄单索汇，也就是说，R银行所处的地位只是托收行。因此，止付裁定并未损害R银行作为托收银行的相关利益,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,40,诉讼,2001年9月10日，R银行在香港正式起诉A银行。该案于2004年5月在香港高等法院开庭审理，第一审判A银行胜诉。R银行未提起上诉,2023/10/19,Yuqia
39、ng Copyright Reserved,41,判决,A银行所提的不符点不成立，且拒付通知也不符合UCP500第14条的规定R银行的议付行地位不成立，其只能作为嘉陵公司的委托寄单行，因此，R银行无权向A银行主张要求获得赔偿的权利R银行没有对单据做无追索的买断，尽管R银行在其1999年11月12日的面函中声称其已议付该单据，但实际上当天并未发生任何支付行为,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,42,R银行于1999年11月19日向其背靠背信用证受益人所支付的金额为USD1,316,344.63的款项只是解除了其背靠背信用证项下自身的付款责任，并不是对主证
40、项下单据的议付行为。因为，R银行并未对主证项下单据向嘉陵公司做出扣除银行费用、融资利息后的全额款项，即USD1,401,495.42R银行并未向嘉陵公司的帐户支付任何款项，而金额为USD1,316,344.63的款项并未先贷记嘉陵公司的帐户，而是直接用于支付背靠背信用证项下的支款金额为USD1,316,344.63的融资，R银行是作为进口融资而不是出口融资记录在册的,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,43,议付的构成要件议付的时间议付的金额,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,44,议付定义的演变UCP500：N
41、egotiation means the giving of value for Draft(s)and/or document(s)by the bank authorized to negotiate.Mere examination of the documents without giving of value does not constitute a negotiation.UCP600：Negotiation means the purchase by the nominated bank of drafts(drawn on a bank other than the nomi
42、nated bank)and/or documents under a complying presentation,by advancing or agreeing to advance funds to the beneficiary on or before the banking day on which reimbursement is due to the nominated bank.,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,45,单证实务：信用证中规定：THE AMOUNT OF THE INVOICES AND/OR DRAFT(S)MUS
43、T BE ENDORSED ON THE REVERSE OF THIS CREDIT。问：银行能否凭副本信用证为受益人办理议付/交单？答案：可以/不可以。,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,46,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,Nominated bank means the bank with which the credit is available or any bank in the case of a credit available with any bank.Presentation means either the delive
44、ry of documents under a credit to the issuing bank or nominated bank or the documents so delivered.Presenter means a beneficiary,bank or other party that makes a presentation.,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,47,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,删除了那些表达不确切、内容已过时及与国际贸易实务相脱节的条款条款总数由UCP500的49条缩减为39条，且不再分类删除了信用证“
45、可撤销”的概念(Art.6 of UCP500)删除了运输行单据条款(Art.39 of UCP500)删除了运输单据之“不得含有载运船只仅以风帆为动力的批注”(Art.23 of UCP500)删除了运输单据之额外费用的列举条款(Art.33 of UCP500),2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,48,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,确立了新的国际结算实务操作标准银行审核单据的时间缩短为5天A nominated bank acting on its nomination,a confirming bank,if any,and the is
46、suing bank shall each have a maximum of five banking days following the day of presentation to determine if a presentation is complying.,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,49,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,明确了受益人对修改保持沉默不等于接受修改A provision in an amendment to the effect that the amendment shall enter into force
47、 unless rejected by the beneficiary within a certain time shall be disregarded.(Art.10),2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,50,实务：MT700/47AIN CASE AMENDMENT(S)HAVE BEEN ISSUED UNDER THE L/C,A BENEFICIARYS CERTIFICATE IS TO BE PRESENTED MENTIONING THIS L/C NUMBER,LISTING THE AMENDMENT(S)RECEIVED AN
48、D CONFIRMING ACCEPTANCE OR REJECTION OF THE AMENDMENT(S)IN A MANNER NOT INCONSISTENT WITH ANY PREVIOUS NOTIFICATION GIVEN BY THE BENEFICIARY BEFORE,2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,51,UCP600与UCP500的比较分析,增加了实务操作性条款即使单据遗失，开证行也必须付款Provided that the stipulated documents are presented to the nominat
49、ed bank or to the issuing bank and that they constitute a complying presentation,the issuing bank must honour(Art.7)An issuing bank is irrevocably bound to honour as of the time it issues the credit.(Art.7)An issuing bank undertakes to reimburse a nominated bank that has honoured or negotiated a com
50、plying presentation and forwarded the documents to the issuing bank.(Art.7),2023/10/19,Yuqiang Copyright Reserved,52,An irrevocable Credit constitutesd a definite undertaking or the issuing Bank,provided that the stipulated documents are presented to the Nominated Bank or to the Issuing Bank and tha
