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1、第四章,配置动态路由协议,完成本章的学习后,您可以完成下面的任务:配置RIP和OSPF路由协议显示路由表状态 显示RIP路由信息显示OSPF信息摘要,目标,配置IP路由,Routing Table,Network,E0,S0,To0,Interface,E0,To0,S0,TokenRing,表中包含端口地址的内容,最初的路由表,静态路由缺省路由动态路由,利用IP路由选径,管辖距离(administive distance),Interface 128.31.7.1 Administrative Distance=100,Administrative Distance=120,Router D
2、,Router C,Router B,Router A,我想发个包到D,从B和C都能到,我该怎么走?,为一个目的网段或子网指定一条路径,ip route network mask address|interface distance permanent,Router(config)#,配置静态路由,Cisco A,Cisco B,E0,S0,S1,S2,S0,ip,静态路由举例,定义一个缺省路由,ip default-network network-number,Router(config)#,配置缺省路由,Company X,Public Network,Cisco A,缺省路由举例,Cis
3、co A Routing Table,ip,统一管理下的路由器的集合,自治域系统,Autonomous System 100,Autonomous System 200,内部网关协议RIPIGRP,外部网关协议BGP,内部和外部路由协议,内部IP路由协议,Routing Information Protocol(RIP)Interior Gateway RoutingProtocol(IGRP)Open Shortest Path First(OSPF)ProtocolEnhanced IGRP(EIGRP),全局配置任务选择路由协议指定囊括的网段端口配置分配地址和子网掩码,Network,I
4、GRP,RIP,RIP,RIP,IGRP,IP 路由配置任务,定义一个IP路由协议,router protocol keyword,Router(config)#,所有的IP路由协议都需配置指明路由所囊括的直连网段,network network-number,Router(config-router)#,配置动态路由,配置RIP,19.2 kbps,T1,T1,T1,以跳数作为路径好坏的衡量标准,RIP 概述,启动RIP路由进程,router rip,Router(config)#,network network-number,Router(config-router)#,选择参与路由的直连
5、网段,配置RIP,Cisco A,Cisco B,Cisco C,Cisco D,S0,T0,S1,S2,Cisco E,TokenRing,TokenRing,Cisco A,RIP配置举例,显示IP路由协议,Routershow ip protocolRouting Protocol is rip Sending updates every 30 seconds,next due in 13 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds,hold down 180,flushed after 240 Outgoing update filter list for al
6、l interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Redistributing:rip Routing for Networks:183.8.0.0 144.253.0.0 Routing Information Sources:Gateway Distance Last Update 183.8.128.12 120 0:00:14 183.8.64.130 120 0:00:19 183.8.128.130 120 0:00:03 Distance:(default is 12
7、0),显示IP路由表内容,Routershow ip routeCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGP D-EIGRP,EX-EIGRP external,O-OSPF,IA-OSPF inter area E1-OSPF external type 1,E2-OSPF external type 2,E-EGP i-IS-IS,L1-IS-IS level-1,L2-IS-IS level-2,*-candidate defaultGateway of last resort is not set 144.253.0.0
8、is subnetted(mask is 255.255.255.0),1 subnetsC 144.253.100.0 is directly connected,Ethernet1R 153.50.0.0 120/1 via 183.8.128.12,00:00:09,Ethernet0 183.8.0.0 is subnetted(mask is 255.255.255.128),4 subnetsR 183.8.0.128 120/1 via 183.8.128.130,00:00:17,Serial0 120/1 via 183.8.64.130,00:00:17,Serial1C
9、183.8.128.0 is directly connected,Ethernet0C 183.8.64.128 is directly connected,Serial1C 183.8.128.128 is directly connected,Serial0,debug ip rip 命令,Router#debug ip ripRIP protocol debugging is onRouter#RIP:received update from 172.8.128.130 on Serial0 172.8.0.128 in 1 hops 172.8.64.128 in 16 hops(i
10、naccessible)RIP:received update from 172.8.64.130 on Serial1 172.8.0.128 in 1 hops 172.8.128.128 in 1 hopsRIP:received update from 172.8.128.130 on Serial0 172.8.0.128 in 1 hops 172.8.64.128 in 1 hopsRIP:sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Ethernet0(172.8.128.2)subnet 172.8.0.128,metric 2 subnet 1
11、72.8.64.128,metric 6 subnet 172.8.128.128,metric 1 network 10.253.0.0,metric 1RIP:sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Ethernet1(10.253.100.202)network 10.50.0.0,metric 2 network 172.8.0.0,metric 1,配置OSPF,快速收敛 支持 VLSM没有跳数限制 路由刷新过程更有效以带宽衡量路径的好坏,什么是 OSPF?,OSPF 术语,建立邻接关系,Hello,A,D,E,C,B,Hello,afadjfjo
12、rqpoeru39547439070713,Router IDHello/Dead IntervalsNeighborsArea-IDRouter PriorityDR IP AddressBDR IP AddressAuthentication PasswordStub Area Flag,*,*,*,*,*邻接路由器的此项需一致,建立邻接关系(续),E0,Router AAdjacencies Database172.68.5.2/24,int E0,E1,Router BAdjacencies Database172.68.5.1/24,int E1,I am router ID 172
13、.68.5.1 and I see no one.,A,B,Down State,Init State,Two-Way State,利用Hellos包选择 DR和 BDR所有路由器与 DR和BDR建立邻接关系,选举 DR和BDR,DR,BDR,利用组拨发送Hello包OSPF优先级高的路由器当选 DR或BDR,P=1,P=0,P=1,选举 DR和BDR(续),P=3,P=2,DR,BDR,如何发现路由,E0,DR,E0,不,我开始交换数据,因为我的router ID比你的大.,我要开始交换数据,因为我的router ID是172.68.5.1.,这是我的链路状态数据库的汇总信息.,Hello,
14、afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,Hello,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,DBD,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,这是我的链路状态数据库的汇总信息.,如何发现路由(续),我需要完整的有关24网段的信息.,这是有关24网段的具体信息.,谢谢你发来的信息!,LSR,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,LSAck,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,LSU,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,谢谢你发来的信息!,LSAck,afadjfjorq
15、poeru39547439070713,选择路由,Routing TableNet Cost Out Interface2.2.2.0 6 TR03.3.3.0 7 TR03.3.3.0 10 E0,Cost=10,Cost=6,Cost=1,A,B,C,这是到 C最好的路由.,新路由器通告所有组播地址包含的DRsDR告诉其它组播地址所包含的路由器,如何维护路由信息,配置OSPF,可指定网段号或端口地址,广播型网络,点到点网络,E0,E0,S0,S1,A,B,C,interface Ethernet0 ip!router ospf 1 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.25
16、5 area 0,interface Ethernet0 ip!interface Serial0 iprouter ospf 50 network 10.2.1.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 10.64.0.2 0.0.0.0 area 0,Router ID:在OSPF中标识一个路由器缺省为所有活跃端口的最大IP地址如配置了loopback 端口,则使用它的地址,Real Loopback AddressEx:131.108.17.5?In OSPF table?Uses address space?Can use ping,Bogus Loopback Address
17、Ex:1.1.1.1?Not in OSPF table?Saves address space?Cannot use ping,可选配置命令,为一个数据流出的端口配置管辖距离值其它端口需做相应的配置Cisco路由器间默认使用缺省值,可选配置命令(续),检验OSPF操作,显示area ID 和邻接信息,检查OSPF的配置情况,显示所有学到的路由,显示路由器定时器显示 DR/BDR和邻居信息显示链路状态数据库,检验OSPF操作(续),检验OSPF操作(续),清除路由表,显示路由器相关过程(如:hello,exchange,flooding)的所有信息,练习,试验参考图,R1,R2,R3,R1,R2,R3,Shutdown,Shutdown,Pod 1,Pod 2,R1,R2,R3,R1,R2,R3,up,Pod 1,Pod 2,up,
