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1、GRE新版官方指南(OG)新增填空题目全解析 给大家整理了GRE新版官方指南(OG)新增填空题目全解析,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。GRE新版官方指南(OG)新增填空题目全解析GRE新版官方指南(新版OG)在填空题部分的说明文字和旧版相比没有变化。Test 1中的三空题难度偏高,思路偏复杂;Test 2的三空题相比Test 1更侧重考查词汇,解题思路略有简化,对中国考生而言难度有所降低。新版OG新增的Practice Test 2相比上一版中已经出现的Practice Test 1,就填空题而言,新版OG的题目在命题风格、考查思路、难度水平甚至考查词汇的范围上与第一版OG都无本质差异。对比
2、两版英文版OG的文本可以发现,新版OG在填空题部分的说明文字和旧版相比没有变化。Test 1中的三空题难度偏高,思路偏复杂;Test 2的三空题相比Test 1更侧重考查词汇,解题思路略有简化,对中国考生而言难度有所降低。其他的Text Completion和Sentence Equivalence题目则与Test 1类同。目前第二版官方指南在国内已可买到。笔者亦发现上一次所写的题目解析中有不尽如人意和疏漏之处。在此一并修正,对OG第二版新增的书面Practice Test 2中的25道填空题做一新的解析和翻译。由于之前的疏漏给读者带来的不便,敬请谅解。section 31 Although
3、plant and animal species that become established in ecosystems where they did not originate are sometimes referred to by the alarming term “invasive species,” many such species are _ in their new environments.A. innocuous 无害的B. conspicuous 显著的C. robust 健壮的D. menacing 有威胁的E. distinctive 独特的答案:A分类:转折,
4、反义重复解析:although引导从句和主句反义重复。从句“invasive”和alarming提示对这些物种做出了有害或危险的评价,则主句应表达其无害、安全(甚至可能有益)的含义。选项A系harmless的同义词,故显然为正确答案。翻译:来自某生态系统之外并在该系统中稳定存续的物种有时被人们以一种警示性的称谓“入侵物种”提及,不过许多此类物种实际上在其新环境中是无害的。2 Far from being _ the corporate world because of cutbacks, serious researchers are playing a growing role in inn
5、ovation at many firms.A. lured to 被引诱到B. enchanted with 被吸引C. banished from 被逐出D. protected by 被保护E. immured in 在中被囚禁答案:C分类:对比,反义重复解析:far from提示句中前后两部分的对比。主句内容为研究者扮演了日益重要的角色,则far from之后的内容与之取反,表达“不重要”之意。即可知只有C项符合此推断:“被逐出企业界”表示研究者完全不起任何作用。翻译:优秀的科学家并非由于裁员而被排挤出企业界,而是在许多公司中扮演着日益重要的角色。3 The brief survey,
6、 published under the title The Work of Nature: How the Diversity of Life Sustains Us, is surprisingly (i)_. Indeed it makes several longer treatments of the effects of lost biodiversity seem (ii)_.Blank (i)A. distorted 扭曲的B. objective 客观的C. comprehensive 内容丰富的Blank (ii)D. redundant 多余的E. pithy 精确的,有
7、实质的F. premature 幼稚的答案:CD分类:转折,递进解析:在忽略斜体字内容的情况下,surprisingly提示句子中存在句意的取反,第一空选择和brief构成反义的选项,只有C项符合要求。第二句开头的indeed 提示两句话存在递进关系,可以按照同义重复处理,第二句话应该更进一步强调survey的内容丰富。所以其他报告相比之下应该显得不够出色。那么感情色彩上D和F均符合,而根据句意可选出更符合要求的D项。翻译:这篇以大自然的杰作:生物多样性如何维系你我为题出版的概要性调查报告,其实际上内容非常丰富。事实上它甚至使得关于生物多样性丧失的影响的若干篇幅更长的调查报告显得多余了。4.
8、The government has no choice but to (i)_ the incessant demands for land reform, and yet any governmental action that initiated land reform without requisite attention to agrarian reform would (ii)_ the overall goal of economic modernization.Blank (i)A. anticipate 预测B. heed 考虑C. silence 使沉默Blank (ii)
9、D. delineate 描绘E. condone 宽恕F. compromise 削弱答案:BF分类:语义重复,逻辑推理解析:and yet提示前后两个句子的反义重复。第二句中提到land reform存在一个先决条件即agrarian reform,without则提示政府忽略这个先决条件,故其结果必然受到不利影响,第二空则考虑填一个表示负面色彩的词,选项F是唯一正确的答案。再根据两句话的转折,第二句话表示initiated land reform产生了不利后果,第一句话中政府也对land reform做了一个动作,则第一空所填内容是initiated的同义词,表示政府着手进行土地改革,B
10、选项正确。翻译:政府别无选择,只能开始着手处理无休止的关于土地改革的要求,然而任何启动土地改革却无视其先决条件-处理农业改革诉求的政府行为都将对经济现代化整体目标产生不利影响。GRE新版官方指南(OG)新增填空题目全解析5 Certain music lovers yearn for (i)_, but when it is achieved, there is something missing; perhaps they feel uncomfortable in a world where nothing discernible is (ii)_.Blank (i)A. novelty
11、新生事物B. beauty 美丽C. flawlessness 完美无缺Blank (ii)D. wrong 错误的E. visionary 虚构的F. changed 改变了的答案:CD分类:解释性重复解析:分号提示前后两句为同义重复。前句提示一些音乐爱好者渴望某种状态实现,然而一旦实现又觉得不快。后句解释了此种状态。something missing对应着feel uncomfortable,则第一空所填内容正是“nothing discernible is.”,即“没有什么是第二空”=“第一空”。两空填一对反义词。C选项和D选项是唯一可能的答案组合。翻译:一些音乐爱好者热切地盼望着音乐的
12、完美无缺,然而一旦达成目的,他们又觉得若有所失;也许他们在一个无法辨识出任何错误的世界中会感到焦躁不安。6 Putting a cash value on the ecological services provided by naturesuch as the water filtration “service” provided by a forested watershedhas, historically, been a (i)_ process. Early attempts at such valuation resulted in impressive but (ii)_ fig
13、ures that were seized on by environmental advocates and then, when these figures were later (iii)_, they were used by opponents to tar the whole idea.Blank (i)A. dispassionate平心静气的B. problematic成问题的C. straightforward直截了当的Blank (ii)D. redundant过剩的E. unsound不成立的F. understated轻描淡写的Blank (iii)G. ignored
14、被忽略H. discredited被驳斥I. confirmed被确证答案:BEH分类:转折,手段-目的解析:第一空没有直接线索,但可以根据but提示的转折判断第二空填负面评价的词,则E选项是唯一正确的答案。第一句话可看做陈述观点,第二句话是对第一句的解释,故第一空也填与unsound类似的词,选B项。第三空表示一个不合理的数据被反对者作为论据,那么这个数据必然对反对者有利而对观点的支持者不利,且上文中已经提到这些数据unsound,则H选项是正确答案。翻译:用货币价值衡量自然提供的生态功用例如森林覆盖的分水岭提供的过滤“服务” 就历史的角度来看,总是成疑问的。早先的此类尝试得出了环境保护主义
15、者认可的、动人但完全不成立的数据,后来当这些数据遭到驳斥后,它们又被反对者用来抵制这种观点本身。7 Only with the discovery of an ozone hole over Antarctica in 1985 did chemical companies finally relinquish their opposition to a ban on chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs), which destroy ozone. The discovery suggested that strong political action to halt produ
16、ction of CFCs might be (i)_, and fortunately, the chemical industry no longer felt compelled to oppose such action: although companies had recently (ii)_ their research into CFC substitutes, studies they had initiated years earlier had produced (iii)_ results.Blank (i)A. imminent迫在眉睫,势在必行B. impruden
17、t冲动,不谨慎C. premature幼稚,不成熟Blank (ii)D. corroborated证实E. publicized公开F. curtailed减少Blank (iii)G. encouraging喜人的H. inconclusive试探性的I. unsurprising意料中的答案:AFG分类:解释性重复,转折解析:本题的前半段与Practice Book 20XX版Section 4的第1题几乎完全一样。第二句话是对第一句的解释,即发现臭氧空洞导致化工企业放弃对禁令的反对、不再生产氟利昂。故第一空所填词应当表明生产氟利昂必须被禁止,A选项是正确答案。后两空所在的句子根据冒号提
18、示,解释了“化工企业无需反对禁令”,即意味着化工企业已经找到了氟利昂的替代品,所以第三空必然填入一个正面积极的词,只有G选项最为合适。第二空根据although提示的转折,F选项表示带有消极色彩的含义,为正确答案。翻译:只有当1985年南极洲上空发现了臭氧空洞后化工企业才最终放弃了它们对生产氟利昂的禁令的反对意见,这种物质能够破坏臭氧层。这一发现意味着用强力的政治手段阻止氟利昂的生产已经势在必行,而且幸运的是化工企业已经不再需要反对这些举措:尽管它们最近削减了对氟利昂替代品的研究,但业已启动多年的研究早已得出了喜人的结果。GRE新版官方指南(OG)新增填空题目全解析8 The incipien
19、t (i)_ regarding taxes could affect trade between the two countries much more than the (ii)_ banana imports, which has been going on for years. Unfortunately, the trade regulators seem to be ignoring both disagreements.Blank (i)A. row 争端B. accord 协定C. investigation 调查Blank (ii)D. profitable dealing
20、in 有利可图的交易E. predicament regarding 关于的困局F. festering dispute over 对的激烈争端答案:AF分类:直接重复解析:both disagreements是上文中出现过的概念,即前一句话中必然出现了两种争端或不合。more than表示两个事物的对比,则第一句话中提到了两个概念,这两个概念就必须是下文中的“两种争端”。故第一空和第二空均需填入和争端有关的词,A和F正确。翻译:新出现的关于税的争端将会比持续多年的有关香蕉进口的激烈争论对两国间的贸易产生更大影响。不幸的是,主管者看起来同时忽略了上述两方面的争议。15 In American
21、Indian art, the supposed distinction between modern and traditional was fabricated by critics, and when artists have control over interpretation of their own work, the distinction appears, happily, to have been _.A. eliminated 消灭B. reinforced 增强C. put to rest 消除D. intensified 增强E. recognized 承认F. es
22、tablished 建立答案:AC分类:直接重复解析:when提示了近似的因果,则前后两个分句的句意为同意重复。前半句称评论家捏造了一种界限,则这种界限并不存在。故后半句艺术家解释自己作品时,这种界限同样不存在。选项AC正确。happily也提示了这种感情色彩。翻译:在美国印第安艺术中,假定存在的现代和传统的界限不过是评论家捏造的结果。而令人高兴的是,艺术家在解释他们自己的作品时,这种界限看起来消失了。16 Notwithstanding their _ regarding other issues, township residents have consistently passed th
23、e board of educations annual budget.A. accordB. indecisionC. consensusD. disagreementE. divergenceF. enthusiasm答案:DE分类:转折解析:notwithstanding提示转折,则从句表达了“意见一致”的反义。选项DE正确。翻译:尽管在其他问题上存在分歧,本镇的居民还是一致通过了教育委员会的年度预算案。17 Some of the companys supporters charged that the negative report had been motivated by a b
24、roader political assault on the company that was designed to help market rivals who would like to see the company _.A. reined inB. bolsteredC. indemnifiedD. propped upE. manacledF. lionized答案:AE分类:手段-目的对应解析:前半句和解题没有必然关系,只要找到“竞争对手”的解题线索即可。竞争对手当然希望这家公司受到负面影响。则只有A和E两选项合乎要求。B和D两项虽然也是同义词,但在感情色彩上不符合要求。翻译:
25、一些公司的支持者指责称该负面报告是被针对公司的广泛的政治抨击所推动,其目的在于帮助那些乐于看到本公司受到制约的竞争对手。18 Skeptics contend that any scheme for charging visitors to Web sites that rewards the vendor adequately would require steep prices, _ the kind of frequent, casual use of Web sites that surfers now take for granted.A. bridlingB. excitingC.
26、 forbiddingD. inhibitingE. provokingF. reversing答案:AD分类:伴随状语提示的语法重复解析:空格所填内容为现在分词,引导伴随状语,和主句同义重复。skeptics表明这些人对句中的收费计划持反对态度,“高昂代价”进一步提示,若分词作状语表示同义重复,则意味着对网民起到打击、削弱的作用,故A和D两选项为正确答案。C选项感情色彩正确但与A、D两项含义有差异。B和E是一对同义词但不符合句意。翻译:持怀疑态度者认为对于访问那些适度奖励卖家的网站的网民征收费用的任何计划都将付出高昂代价,限制网民习以为常的对网络的日常使用。GRE新版官方指南(OG)新增填空
27、题目全解析19 It seems obvious that Miles Davis _ the Juilliard School, which resulted in his decision to drop out, was based on the schools training of musicians for a kind of music that he did not want to play.A. disaffection withB. dislocation ofC. disentanglement fromD. subversion ofE. displacement of
28、F. estrangement from答案:AF分类:因果解析:resulted in提示MD的退学和他的态度之间存在因果关联,而且后文的based on进一步说明他对学校的负面态度。即形成了因果关系链:学校强迫-MD对学校的态度-决定退学。因此选项所填内容必须与负面态度有关。故A和F是正确答案。选项D虽然也是负面态度,但没有其他选项与之对应。B和E也是同义词,但不符合句意。C项则本身已经表示了退学,不符合句意。翻译:Miles Davis对Juilliard School的不满最终导致他做出退学的决定,这种不满情绪显然是他不愿演奏该学校训练体系中所用的乐曲所致。section 41 The
29、 unexplained digressions into the finer points of quantum electrodynamics are so _ that even readers with a physics degree would be wise to keep a textbook handy to make sense of them.A. uninteresting 令人不感兴趣的B. controversial 引起争议的C. unsophisticated 直截了当的D. frustrating 使人白费努力的E. humorless 无幽默感的答案:D分类
30、:因果解析:so.that.提示前后两句话存在近似的因果。前半句中关于物理学的某种背景知识产生了一种效果,使得后句中的物理学专业读者需要读教科书以便明确理解,那么这种效果必然是阻碍读者理解其真实含义的。那么很显然C选项恰好与这种效果相反。其余几个选项中只有D项frustrating有“阻止人达到目的”之意;A、B、E三个选项均无与此接近的含义,则根据排除法也可选出D项。翻译:这些无缘无故的、朝向量子电动力学的细微论点的跑题如此令人感到挫败和迷惑以至于即便物理学的专业读者也需要参阅教科书以便明确其含义。2 The belief that politicians might become _ af
31、ter their election to office led to the appointment of ethics officers at various levels of government.A. scrupulous 恪守道德的,认真仔细的B. entrenched 戒备的,防御的C. venal 腐败的,堕落的D. puzzled 令人困惑的E. artificial 人造的,故作姿态的答案:C分类:手段-目的对应解析:led to提示了两句话之间的手段-目的对应。即ethics officer被委派到各级政府的目的是解决前述belief的问题。ethics指代的是伦理道德,
32、则这种官员必然负责解决有关伦理道德方面的问题。五个选项中只有C选项对于政客来说构成道德问题,其余选项均无此含义。翻译:政治家在获选后就会倾向于tan wu fu bai,这种信念导致了各级风纪官员的委任。3 Even the charisma and technical prowess of two fine actors are not _ the task of fully invigorating a gray domestic drama with a tired tale to tell.A. required for 被要求的B. interested in 对感兴趣的C. pre
33、ferred for 被偏好的D. adequate to 对而言足够的E. inferior to 相比低等的答案:D分类:转折解析:even在句首提示句中存在转折。正常情况下两名一流演员应该能使得一部喜剧产生良好效果,但由于有了even,使得实际发生的情况和正常情况恰好相反,即因为drama本身太过于tired和gray,使得即使两名优秀演员仍然无法完成这个使命。故空格应当体现出不充分、不足够的含义,D选项是唯一正确的答案。翻译:即便是两位一流演员的人格魅力和精湛技巧也不足以赋予这部风格灰暗、故事情节乏味的喜剧以充分的生命力。4 There may be a threshold below
34、 which blood pressure reductions become _ given that a long-running study showed no decreased heart risk for drops in blood pressure below a certain point.A. worthwhile 值得的B. indiscernible 不可辨认的C. arduous 勤勉的,艰辛的D. significant 显著的,重要的E. superfluous 不必要的,多余的答案:E分类:因果解析:given提示前果后因的关系。血压下降到一个点以下并没有带来心
35、脏病发病率的降低,则意味着血压下降到特定数值以下不产生效果。故前句中血压下降的threshold不存在或无意义。则E选项是惟一的正确答案。翻译:考虑到一项长期研究发现血压下降到一个特定水平之下并没有显著降低心脏病发病的概率,确定某一血压下降的临界值是完全不必要的。GRE新版官方指南(OG)新增填空题目全解析5 Unlike the problems in recent financial scandals, issues raised by the regulators in this case appear largely to pertain to unwieldy accounting
36、rules that are open to widely divergent interpretations not to (i)_ transactions designed to (ii)_ corporate malfeasance.Blank (i)A. sham 虚假的B. unpremeditated 无预谋的C. justifiable 正当的Blank (ii)D. cloak 掩盖E. ameliorate 缓和F. illuminate 明确表达答案:AD分类:对比,手段-目的对应解析:unlike和not to都提示了issues和problems所指代的问题截然相反,
37、则problems所指的financial scandals就对应着not to之后包含空格的文本,即金融丑闻就是用来对公司的财务问题做一个动作,那么第二空所填内容应该跟“丑闻”相对应,只能选D项。E选项“缓和”公司的财务问题不必然表示发生丑闻。则第一空根据手段-目的对应,掩盖公司的财务问题,必然是某种造假,才能最终导致丑闻。A选项是正确答案。翻译:与最近在金融丑闻事件中所提的问题不同,本案例中监管者提出的问题很大程度上针对的是笨拙的、解释不统一的会计准则,而不是针对为掩盖公司财务问题所作的虚假转账。6 Everyone has routines that govern their work.
38、 The myth is that artists are somehow different, that they reject (i)_, but of course thats not true: most artists work as the rest of us do, (ii) _, day by day, according to their own customs.Blank (i)A. latitude 言论自由B. habit 习惯C. materialism 唯物主义Blank (ii)D. impetuously 冲动E. ploddingly 固执,单调F. spo
39、radically 零星答案:BE分类:转折,解释性重复解析:myth和different提示艺术家的做法和everyone有所不同,即他们没有routine,第一空所填必是routine的同义词,选B项。but thats not true表明实际上艺术家仍然有routine,冒号之后解释了这种routine,即艺术家和正常人一样,遵循自己的惯例,空格所填为一个副词。那么该副词应当对“遵循惯例”起到正面确认的作用。F选项当然不合适。D选项意为“冲动的”“突发性的”,与day by day显然矛盾,故只有E选项为正确答案。翻译:每个人都有处理日常工作的惯例。艺术家的怪异之处在于他们有所不同,拒
40、绝固定的习惯,但这显然不是事实:绝大多数艺术家也和我们一样,日复一日地、单调地恪守自己的习惯。7. Repression of painful memories is sometimes called “willed forgetting.” Yet true forgetting is (i)_ than the phenomenon of repressed memory. In spite of the effort that it (ii)_, repressing unwanted memories is less (iii) _ than truly forgetting them
41、, for repressed memories are prone to come back.Blank (i)A. less controlled较少受到控制B. different in its effect效果有所不同C. far more common更加常见Blank (ii)D. eases缓解E. conveys导致,运输F. entails限制Blank (iii)G. permanent永久的H. arduous勤勉的I. immediate直接的答案:BFG分类:因果,转折,解释性重复。解析:第三空根据for提示因果,被压抑的记忆会重现,显然说明效果不够持久,G选项为正确
42、答案。第二孔根据in spite of,effort必然有正面积极的意义,that在此处引导同位语从句,故压抑记忆起到的效果不是“传输”,最直接的是“压抑”,而下文中谈到被压抑的记忆还会被回忆起来,说明eases的效果也没有真正实现,故只能选F。第一空所在的句子被后句所解释,压抑的效果不如真实记忆持久,则只有B选项符合句意。A和C在下文中并无体现。翻译: 压抑痛苦的记忆有时被称作“有意遗忘”。但真正的遗忘与压抑记忆的现象产生的效果不尽相同。尽管能压抑痛苦,但压抑令人不快的记忆不如真正遗忘来得更加持久,因为那些被压抑的记忆很有可能重现。8. Rather than viewing the Mas
43、sachusetts Bay Colonys antinomian controversy as the inevitable (i)_ of the intransigent opposing forces of radical and (ii)_ beliefs, male and female piety, (iii)_ and secular power, and the like, as other critics have, Winship argues that the crisis was not “fixed and structural.”Blank (i)A. disso
44、lution解体B. melding融合C. collision碰撞,冲突Blank (ii)D. revolutionary革命性的E. orthodox正统的F. questionable存疑的Blank (iii)G. clerical神职人员的H. civil民间的I. cerebral理性的答案:CEG分类:对比解析:第二空和第三空根据male and female提示的对比,以及三组对比的并列,可轻松判断出分别选radical和secular的反义词。故唯有E和G正确。第一空根据intransigent opposing forces可判断出所填名词涉及若干组极端相反的概念之间的关
45、系,B选项与intransigent冲突,A选项则应当是某一个事物自身的变化而非两个事物之间的关系,故只有C项正确。翻译:不是像其他评论家那样将马萨诸塞湾殖民地的唯信仰论抗议事件看做诸如极端信仰与正统信仰、男版和女版的虔诚、神职人员及信徒之间的不可避免的纷争,Winship认为这场危机并非“一成不变的”和“结构化的”。15. It would have been disingenuous of the candidate to appear _ when her opponent won the election, but she congratulated the victor nonetheless.A. gracious 优雅的B. ecstatic 狂喜的C. crestfallen 垂头丧气的D. indifferent 冷漠的E. euphoric 欣喜的F. disgruntled 不悦的答案:BE分类:转折