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1、名词性从句,Noun Clause,Noun Clause:Functions as a NOUN in a sentence.,Question:What is the function of a noun in a sentence?名词在句中可以充当什么成分?,名词性从句 noun clause,主语从句subject clause,宾语从句object clause,表语从句predicative clause,同位语从句appositive clause,引导名词从句的连接词：1）连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,what
2、ever等连接副词when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however2）连接词 whether/if 若一个名词从句,表达的含义为“是否”3）连接词that若一个句子表达含义和句子结构均完整，用连词that。“that”在从句中不充当任何成分，没有任何含义。,一.Object clause(宾语从句)1)老师教导我们要志向崇高。The teacher taught us that we should aim high.2)你是否能成功将取决于你做什么和怎么做。Your success will depend on what you do and how y
3、ou do it.3)他是否能来帮助我们，我感到怀疑。I doubt whether/if he will come to our help.4)Whether he will accept your offer,I dont know.(不用if),1.The fact is _ she doesnt like pop music.2.My trouble is _ I dont have enough experience.3.The question is _ he will be present or not.4.What troubled him was _ he could get
4、 the money.,that,that,whether,whether/where/how,二.Predicative clause(表语从)句,5.He is absent today.Its _ he is seriously ill.6.It looks _ its going to rain again.,because,as if,Tips:系动词的分类,一、五大感官系动词：look,sound,smell,taste,feel二、状态系动词：be,appear,seem,keep,stay,remain三、动态系动词：become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,c
5、ome/become,run四、终止系动词：prove,turn out,What you have said_.Ais sounded interesting Bsounds interestingCsound interested Dlistens interestedLook!Several people in the crowd seemed_.Ato be fightingBto have foughtCbeing foughtDhaving fought,How _the song she sings sounds!I have never _a better voice.Abea
6、utifully,sounded Bbeautiful,soundedCsweet,listened to Dsweet,heardHer feeling about the marriage _rather strange.Ais lookedBis seemedCseemsDis appeared,The new shirt_ right.Adoesnt feelBisnt feltCisnt feelingDdoesnt touchHow happy it_ for me to be home again after twenty years abroad!AgivesBfeelsCis
7、 feltDis givenJohn _driver since two months ago.Abecame aBhas become aChas turnedDhas been a,He _he felt very _over the death of the boy.Aseemed that,sad Bseemed as if,sadlyClooked as though,sad Dlooked that,sadnessThe ice_ thick on the river.Ais lainBlayClaidDlie,三.Subject clause(主语从句)1.人生最重要的并非金钱。
8、What is the most important in life isnt money.2.凡是想看这部电影的人可免费得到一张票。Whoever wants to see the film may get a free ticket.3.That the earth is round is known to all.-It is known to all that the earth is round.4.That you missed the chance is a pity.-It is a pity that that 无意义,后接一个完整的句子.,五.Appositive clau
9、se(同位语从句):后面跟同位语从句的名词有:fact,news,idea thought,question,remark 等.1.The idea _ computers will recognizehuman voices surprises many people.2.The possibility _ the majority of thelabour force will work at home is often discussed.3.I have no idea _ he has gone.4.They are thinking about the question _ the
10、y could succeed in the competition.5.Please tell us the truth _ did that for us.,that,that,where,how,who,注意点一:同位语从句与定语从句的区别1.同位语从句意思完整,that引导,不完整时,用whether,when,where,how来引导.(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连接词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从
11、句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。,他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的.2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）,注意点二:what 与that 在引导名词性从句时的区别what 引导名词性从句时在从句中1）充当句子成分（主、宾、表）；2）本身有词义。而that 1）只起连
12、接作用；2）本身没有词义；3）不在从句中担任成分。1)_ you said yesterday is right.(=All that you)2)_ she is still alive is a puzzle.,What,That,注意点三:用whether 不用if在宾语从句中，if和whether通常可以互换使用.但在1)连接词紧挨着or not 时,用 whether.I dont know whether or not he will come.2)主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句若需表达“是否”，只能用连词whether，不能用if。3)介词宾语从句只能用whether，不用if。
13、4)whether to doHe hasnt decided whether to go.5)discuss+whether从句,注意点四:that的省略问题,He said(that)he couldnt tell you right away and that you wouldnt understand.He said(that)he couldnt tell you right away and you wouldnt understand.Just then I noticed,for the first time,our master was wearing his fine g
14、reen coat.Just then I noticed,for the first time,that our master was wearing his fine green coat.,3.除了他来自南方之外,我们对他一无所知.We know nothing about him except that he is from the south.4.他病倒了使我们很担心.That he had fallen ill made us worried.What worried us was that he had fallen ill.,连接词that 不能省略的情况:1)and连接两个宾
15、语从句,that 引导的宾语从句放在and后时不能省略.2)that 引导的宾语从句作介词but/except的宾语时.3)that 引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句以及that 引导的从句放在句首时.4)主句谓语动词与that从句中有插入语时.,注意点五：语序问题与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用陈述语序，即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装。No one can be sure _ in a million years.A.what man will look likeB.what will man look likeC.man will look like whatD.what look wil
16、l man like,名词性从句中有插入成分时应注意两点：一是从句仍然不倒装，而在插入成分上倒装；二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。_ you have seen both fighters，_ will win？A.Since；do you think whoB.As；who you thinkC.When；whoeverD.Since；who do you think,注意点六：whatever,whichever,whoever,whenever,wherever,however 等与 no matter what,no matter which,no matter who,no mat
17、ter when,no matter where,no matter how 的区别:前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而 no matter 加疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。He will believe whatever others say.（不能用no matter what代替whatever）Whatever others say,he will believe it.（可以用no matter what代替whatever）,1.Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A.anyone B.w
18、homever C.whoever D.no matter who,2._ much advice I gave him,he did exactly what he wanted to do.A.How B.Whatever C.However D.No matter,3.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever,注意点七：虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用。(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish+宾语从句”表示不
19、能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”或“could(should)+have+过去分词”。,I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.,在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、
20、insist request、command、order等动词后的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用(should)+动词原形或是动词原形。如：She suggested we(should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she(should)be operated on.,（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”。如：His sugge
21、stion that we(should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they(should)pay 100.dollars.,（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc.)that you shoul
22、d be so careless.,It will be desired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：It is pity that you cant swim.,2010年高考真题练习,（10浙江）1How about camping this weekend,just for a
23、 change?OK,you want.Awhichever Bhowever CwhateverDwhoever,考点：本题考查引导词。解析：句意：“这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？”“好啊，按你的意思吧！”根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。,9It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about,although about two thousand patients have taken it.Athat BwhatChow Dwhether,考点：本题考查主语从句的引导词。解析：根据句意：尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种
24、药物，但是，它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side effect意思是“副作用”，还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring about _ side effect。故选择what，形容词“什么样的”，起修饰作用。,（10上海）36.One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.that B.how C.what D.why,考点：此处考查的是同位语从句。解析：考察that引导同位语从句的用法。此
25、处that不可以省略。,（10山东）26.Before the sales start,I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.A.why B.what C.how D.which,考点：本题考查宾语从句的引导词。解析：句意应为“在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。”分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语，所以B项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。,（10上海）37.When changing lanes,a driver
26、 should use his turning signal to let other drivers know.A.he is entering which lane B.which lane he is entering C.is he entering which lane D.which lane is he entering,考点：本题考查宾语从句。解析：which引导的句子做know的宾语，句子用陈述语序。,（10四川）14How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with，whether h
27、is friends or relatives,w_w w.k#s5_u.c o*m Awhat Bwho Chow Dwhy,考点：考查介词后的宾语从句。解析：根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去，故选B。句意为“一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。”,（10全国）33.We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A.that B.which C.what D.where,句意：我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。解答
28、：根据选项此题考察从句。题干中空格划在动词discuss的后面，因此考察宾语从句，根据句意在宾语从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择D。,（10湖北）31.I want to be liked and loved for I am inside.A.who B.where C.what D.how,考点:宾语从句解析：我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。也就是我inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A，错误的用中文语言习惯去做英文题。,10全国）10.Have you finished the book?-No,Ive read up to_the children discover
29、the secret cave.A.which B.what C.hat D.where,【解析】考查宾语从句。Up to为介词结构，后接宾语从句从句；而句意是“读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”，故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。,（10江苏）35.I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats_I dont agree.You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what,选A.这就是我不同意的地方.agree 是不
30、及物动词,所以用where.用表语从句.,（10北京）32.Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel,David Copperfield,was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A.what B.that C.why D.whether,考点:本题考查表语从句。解析：从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。,35.We should respect food and think ab
31、out the people who dont have we have here and treat food nicely.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether,解析：空格在句中充当have的宾语,（10湖南）35.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.A.where B.whether C.that D.why,考点：考查名词性从句。解析：该空引导宾语从句，根据句意“办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气”可判断选D项。,（1
32、0天津）14.As a new graduate,he doesnt know _takes to start a business here.A.how B.what C.When D.which,解析：空格后的从句中takes是动词，其后缺少宾语，所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。,（10北京）33.some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.Whether B.What C.That D.How,考点:本题考查主语从句。句意：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。解析：从句中缺宾语，只能用B.what来引导.C.中的That引导主语从句不做成分。,Thank you,
