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1、Sister Carrie,嘉莉妹妹,简介,Sister Carrie(1900)is a novel by Theodore Dreiser about a young country girl who moves to the big city where she starts realizing her own American Dream,first as a mistress to men that she perceives as superior,and later becoming a famous actress.It has been called the greatest
2、 of all American urban novels.嘉莉妹妹是美国现实主义作家德莱塞的重要作品之一，是珍妮姑娘的姐妹篇。嘉莉妹妹描写了农村姑娘嘉莉来到大城市芝加哥寻找幸福，为摆脱贫困，出卖自己的贞操，先后与推销员和酒店经理同居，后又凭美貌与歌喉成为歌星的故事。作家以嘉莉为代表深刻揭露了美国资本主义制度对贫苦人民压榨的残酷性和资产阶级生活方式对小资产阶级分子的腐蚀性。,Plot summary,Dissatisfied with life in her rural Wisconsin home,18-year-old Caroline Sister Carrie Meeber takes
3、 the train to Chicago,where her older sister Minnie,and Minnies husband,Sven Hanson,have agreed to take her in.On the train,Carrie meets Charles Drouet,a traveling salesman,who is attracted to her because of her simple beauty and unspoiled manner.They exchange contact information,but upon discoverin
4、g the steady round of toil and somber atmosphere at her sisters flat,she writes to Drouet and discourages him from calling on her there.Carrie soon embarks on a quest for work to pay rent to her sister and her husband,and takes a job running a machine in a shoe factory.Before long,however,she is sho
5、cked by the coarse manners of both the male and female factory workers,and the physical demands of the job,as well as the squalid factory conditions,begin to take their toll.She also senses Minnie and Svens disapproval of her interest in Chicagos recreational opportunities,particularly the theatre.O
6、ne day,after an illness that costs her job,she encounters Drouet on a downtown street.Once again taken by her beauty,and moved by her poverty,he encourages her to dine with him,where,over sirloin and asparagus,he persuades her to leave her sister and move in with him.To press his case,he slips Carri
7、e two ten dollar bills,opening a vista of material possibilities to her.The next day,he rebuffs her feeble attempts to return the money,taking her shopping at a Chicago department store and securing a jacket she covets and some shoes.That night,she writes a good-bye note to Minnie and moves in with
8、Drouet.,剧情介绍,故事发生在十九世纪八十年代末和九十年代初的芝加哥和纽约。小说主要围绕女主人公嘉罗琳米贝（嘉莉）和赫斯特伍德展开。嘉莉出生在芝加哥附近的农村。她家境贫寒，但她虚荣心很强，向往城市的富裕生活。她较为典型地代表了当时一心想往上爬的美国下层人民。然而，她到了芝加哥后马上就成了失业大军中的一员，陷入贫困和疾病的泥潭。这时，嘉莉意识到贫富的极大差异性：一方面是贫困潦倒，另一方面是朱门酒肉臭。她依靠做工获得她幻想的幸福是不可能的了。于是她先后成了青年推销员杜洛埃和酒店经理赫斯特伍德的情人。后来，她在纽约偶然成了一位名演员，挤入了资产阶级的“上流”社会。这时的嘉莉发现她原来梦想的生活
9、并不是那么诱人了，相反，她发现自己非常空虚和无聊。赫斯特伍德本是一个令人瞩目的上层人物，圈子广阔，朋友众多，因为自身的才华与魅力，很受人敬仰。按理说，他本该体体面面地享受着自己的人生，却毁在了情欲之上。嘉莉的出现，晕炫了他的眼睛，爱情是自私的，他不惜背叛朋友，急不可耐地要把朋友的情妇变成自己的情妇。妻子因为愤怒，封锁了他的财产，并通过律师提出离婚诉讼；杜洛埃因为气愤，揭了他结婚的老底；而嘉莉，因为知晓了他的虚伪，决定与他决裂。他几乎要被逼疯了，不惜铤而走险，卷走巨款；继而耍用手段，骗取嘉莉，与其一块私奔。被侦探找到，为了不被起诉，归还了绝大部分钱款。他带着心爱的人，如同丧家之犬，四处奔逃，狼狈
10、万分，往日的风光依然不再。他并不想沉沦，为了东山再起，他确曾十分努力，但生活是残酷的，好运不会一直对某一个人特别惠顾，尤其是像他这样丢了基业、又有了一定年岁的人，他注定了要失败。折腾了三年，他破产了，几经碰壁之后，空想、抱怨、沉沦成了家常便饭，嘉莉离开了他。他成了寄生虫，凄凉地挣扎，苟延残喘。终于在一个寒冷的冬天，因为不堪忍受生存的折磨，在贫民窟里用煤气了结了大起大落的一生。,Style and genre,At the urging of his journalist friend Arthur Henry,Dreiser began writing his manuscript in 18
11、99.He frequently gave up on it but Henry urged him to continue.From the outset,his title was Sister Carrie,though he changed it to The Flesh and the Spirit while writing it;he restored the original name once complete.Dreiser had difficulty finding a publisher for Sister Carrie.Doubleday&McClure Comp
12、any accepted the manuscript for publication but it was withdrawn after the publishers wife declared it too sordid.Dreiser insisted on publication and 1,008 copies were printed on November 8,1900.The book was not advertised and only 456 copies sold.6 However,Frank Norris,who was working as a reader a
13、t Doubleday,sent a few copies to literary reviewers.,点评鉴赏,嘉莉妹妹问世早期，美国舆论对此书的评论可分为两大派。先驱时报和内务报等将德莱塞视为美国的左拉，认为嘉莉妹妹是一部伟大的美国小说。虽然这些评论也认为在嘉莉妹妹和赫斯特伍德身上缺乏坚定的道德感，但它们总体上是肯定嘉莉妹妹的艺术地位的。在肯定德莱塞的批评家中最突出和最早的是HL门肯。他指出，德莱塞并不是弗兰克诺里斯和左拉的追随者，因为他吸取了霍桑、欧文、赫伯特斯潘塞等对他有用的思想，将“深刻的惊奇感引入文学”。对嘉莉妹妹持赞赏态度的还有二十年代和四十年代的查尔斯鲍德温（CharlesB
14、aldwin）、伯顿拉斯科（BurtonRascoe）以及FO马西森（Matthiessen）等人。鲍德温认为德莱塞是美国最伟大最独特的小说家，在精神上和写作水平上都超过了英国小说家。,批判,拉斯科则为嘉莉妹妹中的非道德辩护，认为德莱塞是二十世纪二十年代自由思想的倡导者；马西森将嘉莉妹妹视为德莱塞生活时代历史史实的记载。另一派以生活和商务报为代表的评论则在总体上对嘉莉妹妹持贬斥的态度。这一派的评论家认为嘉莉妹妹宣扬道德沦丧和败坏。它们使用了诸如“现实性太过了”、“使人沮丧的”或者“太一般了”等字眼。对德莱塞攻击得最厉害也最有影响的是斯图尔特舍曼（StuartSher-Kazin）。在西奥多德莱
15、塞先生的自然主义一文中，他指责德莱塞没有真实地描写美国社会和人，而是将人视为动物，“有意忽略小说家的崇高职责理解和表现人物的发展”。,Film adaptation&Stage adaptation,Laurence Olivier and Jennifer Jones starred in the 1952 film version,Carrie,directed by William Wyler.Musical Sister Carrie(Msa Kerija)by Raimonds Pauls(music)and Jnis Peters(lyrics)first peformed in Riga State Operetta Theatre in 1978 with Mirdza Zvere as Carrie.,Thank you！,
