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1、,Respiratory system,Respiratory system,Nasal cavity,pharynx&larynx.Trachea&bronchi.Lung.,一、trachea,trachea(HE),Mixed gland,EM:epithelium of trachea,4.Small granule C,1.Ciliated C,2.Brush C,3.Goblet C,5.Basal C,The wall of trachea,1.Mucosa=epithelium+lamina propria pseudostratiated ciliated columnar
2、Ciliated C,goblet C,brush C,basal C,small granular C.2.Submucosa=CT+mixed glands3.Adventitia=16-20 C shaped hayline cartilage rings.,atmosphere&alveoli alveoli&blood(blood&tissue),Gas exchange,二、lung,Lung Low power,lung,parenchyma:bronchial trees&alveoli.Principal bronchi(Br)lobular、segmental Brsmal
3、ler Brbronchioleterminal bronchiolerespiratory bronchiolealveolar duct、alveolar sacalveoli.Conduction portion:above terminal bronchioles.Respiratory portion:respiratory bronchiole to alveoli.Pulmonary lobule:bronchiole and its ramifications.,Conduction portionlobular Br&small Br,EpitheliumGoblet CGl
4、andsCartilage plateSMC,Conduction portionbronchiole&terminal brochiole,Simple ciliated columnar.Goblet C（）Gland（）Cartilage plate（）SMC,Rules of structural variance in conducting portion,Respiratory portionRespiratory bronchiole,The wall is interruptedSimple cuboidal Epi,clara CSMC,Respiratory portion
5、Alveolar duct&alveolar sac,The wall,many alveoliSMC*Simple cuboidal,squamous,Alveolar duct,Alveolar sac,No SMC*,Respiratory portionalveolus,肺泡管,Simple alveolar Epi.,(1)Respiratory portion,#constituents：respiratory bronchiole，alveolar duct，alveolar sac，alveolus。1.Respiratory bronchioleThe wall,few al
6、veoli open into.Simple cuboidal Epi,SMC.,(2)Respiratory portion,2.Alveolar duct&alveolar sacThe wall,many alveoli open into.Knobs in the wall of alveolar duct Knobs is sphincter-like SMC.,(3)Respiratory portion,3.alveolus:type I alveolar C type II alveolar C alveolar septum.,Type II alveolar C,macro
7、phage,Elastic fiber,type I alveolar C,Type II alveolar C,Osmiophilic Multilamellar bodies,blood-air barrier,Alveoli,Type I cellsquamous,covered most surface of the alveoli.,Type II cellLM:round or cuboidal,cell body protrude into the lumen.EM:osmiophilic multilamellar body,with abundant phospholipid
8、s.Functions:secret surfactant,reduce surface tension,stabilize alveoli.,Alveolar septum:continuous Cap.,elastic fiber.macrophage dust C.blood-air barrier includes:1.mucus layer on surface of alveoli2.type I alveolar C3.BM of alveolar C4.delicate layer of CT5.continuous Cap.BM6.continuous Cap.Endothe
9、lium.,Terminalbronchiole,Respiratorybronchiole,Alveolar duct,Alveolar sac,1,2,3,4,Rules of structural variance in respiratory portion,Alveolar epithelial cell,Type I cell can not regenerate.Type II cell can differentiate into Type I cell.,*,keypoints,The basic structure of trachea.Histologic structure of conduction portion.Histologic structure of respiratory portion.Esp.the alveolar epithelium,Thank you!,
