《汉译英练习3时态综合.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《汉译英练习3时态综合.ppt（20页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、Writing PracticeTenses,概述,在作谓语的动词用来表示动作(或情况、状态)发生时间的各种形式称为时 态。由于英语属于曲折变化的语言，其动词时态的变化要通过词的曲折词形变化来体现的，因而也就有了现在式、过去式、过去分词式三个基本词形。一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时,一般过去时,一般过去时由动词过去式表示，动词be 根据人称有was和were两个词形，规则动词在词尾加-d-或ed；其他动词参阅不
2、规则动词变化表,该时态主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。很遗憾你没有去看那部电影。很多人在泰国的那次海啸中遇难丧生。Its a pity that you did not go to the movie.Many people died in the tsunami that took place in Thailand.,过去进行时,过去进行时是由助动词be的过去式加上现在分词构成的，主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。那时她在一家物理实验室做助手。他们带我们去参观了他们正在修建的化纤厂(chemical fibre mill)。At that time she was working as
3、 an assistant in a physics labatory.They took us to see the chemical fibre mill that they were building.,一般过去将来时,一般过去将来时由助动词would加动词原形构成，主要表示从过去某一时间角度看以后将要发生的动作。含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于：宾语从句或间接引语中。例如：当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。不管工作有多难，他总会
4、坚持不懈地把它干完。When I thought about it,I wondered what their reaction would be.She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day.Whenever he had time,he would help his mother with some housework.No matter how difficult the work was,he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it.,一般现在时,一般现在
5、时主要由动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s，另外be 和have要根据人称的变化使用特殊的形式。一般现在时主要表示经常性的动作或存在的状态，还可用来表示普遍真理。长江发源于青海。行动胜于言辞。The Yangtze rises in Qinghai.Actions speak louder than words.,现在进行时,现在进行时是由助动词be加现在分词构成的。主要表示现在或现时刻这一阶段正在进行的动作，有时候还用来表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。工作进行的怎么样？有人找你接电话。How are things getting on with you?Someone is a
6、sking for you on the phone.,将来时态,1)be+going to+do结构主要表示“意图”(即打算在最近的将来进行某事)和“预见”(即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况)。我们要在这里建一座楼。你要怎样过假期？这会有很大的麻烦。We are going to put up a building here.How are you going to spend your holiday?There is going to be a lot of trouble about,2)be+to do结构通常表示正式的计划、指示、命令、禁止等或用来征求对方的意见。他们何
7、时上交计划？汤姆一服完兵役就会去学医。When are they to hand in their plan?Tom is to study medicine as soon as he has finished the,3)to be about+to do/be on the point of doing结构表示“将要，正要做”，强调将来要发生的事情已经临近。飞机就要起飞。他妻子进来时他正要多说些什么。现在我不能见你，我就要走了。The plane is about to take off.He was about to say something more when his wife c
8、ame in.I cant see you now.I am on the point of leaving,现在进行时的其他功能,1)表示感情色彩。现在进行时常与always，continually,constantly等作状语的频度副词连用，强调某一反复性动作，表示赞美、讨厌、惊奇、不满等感情。她总是在想怎样才能为学生多做些事情。他总是向我借钱却忘了还。She is always thinking of how she could do more for the students.He is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay me b
9、ack.2)表示人的认识、感情及事情的转变。可用于这种情况的动词有begin,get,turn,grow,become等少数几个。他们开始看到了学习英语的重要性。春天，白天长了，夜晚短了。They are beginning to see the importance of learning English.In spring,days are getting longer and night shorter,将来完成时,将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连
10、用。晚上你回来之前我会完成全部工作。我相信到明天这个这个时候他就离开巴黎了。这个月底前我们肯定能找到令人满意的问题解决方法。I will have finished all the work by the time you are back this evening.I am sure he will have left Paris by this time tomorrow.By the end of this month,we surely will have found a satisfactory solution to the problem.,现在完成进行时,现在完成进行时表示某动
11、作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。两个月来他们一直在修桥。我们一直在为即将到来的考试做准备。他这些天一直在躲避和他爸爸见面。自我们上次见面以来，她就一直忙着筹备那个展览。They have been repairing the bridge for two months.We have been preparing for the oncoming exam.He has been avoiding meeting his father these days.She has been busy preparing the exhibition since we met
12、 last time.,现在完成时,现在完成时是由助动词have和has加过去分词构成的。主要表示此刻以前曾经发生的动作或情况。如：这几年粮食产量有了很大增长。这个地区历史上一直遭受水患之苦Grain output has greatly increased in the past few years.The area has suffered from disastrous floods throughout its history.,过去完成时,过去完成时由助动词had加动词的过去分词构成，主要表示过去某时刻前业已完成的动作或存在的状态，其实就是指过去的过去。使用时往往要要在从句中或有一个
13、明确的过去时间状语。拂晓前他们已经走完了大半路程。雨一停他们就又上路了。上大学前他一点英语没学过.Before daybreak they had covered half the distanceNo sooner had the rain stopped than they set out again.He had not learned any English before he came to the university.,过去完成进行时,过去完成进行时由had been加现在分词构成，表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如：倾盆大雨下了一周，在许多地区引发
14、了山崩。最后他们收到了他们一直盼望的电报。她在考试之前一直患重感冒。It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.At last they got the telegram they had been expecting.She had been suffering from a bad cold before she took the exam.,时态强化练习,1.My dictionary _,I have looked for
15、it everywhere but still_ it.A.has lost,dont find B.is missing,dont findC.has lost,havent found D.is missing,havent found.2.Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A.made B.is making C.was making D.makes 3.He said he_me a present unless I_ in doing the experiment.A.had not given;had not succeeded B.wo
16、uld not give;succeed C.will not give;succeed D.would not give;will succeed4.By the time he arrives in Beijing tomorrow,we _ here for two days.A.have been staying B.have stayedC.shall stay D.will have stayed5.You dont need to describe her.I _ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet,1.【答案】
17、D。【解析】前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。2.【答案】C。【解析】割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。3.【答案】B。【解析】在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有He said，故为过去式。主句用将来时，故选B.此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。4.【答案】D。【解析】考察学生对将来完成时态的用法。在这一时态中注意介词by，它一般用于将来时态中，题干后有for two days，又表示完成，故而使用将来完成时。5
18、.【答案】B。【解析】首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。,6.We _ let you use the toilet room on condition that you _ keep it clean and tidy.A.will;would keep B.would;kept C.will;keep D.cant;would keep7.When you _ the test,check your papers before you hand them in.A.will finish B.w
19、ill have finished C.are finishing D.have finished 8.He has been studying here for three years,by next summer he _.A.will graduate B.will be graduatedC.will have graduated D.will be graduating 9.Dont you know its the first time he _ this kind of meeting?A.attends B.attended C.has attended D.is attend
20、ing10.She _ for 12 years by the time she graduates from the Foreign Language Institute.A.has studied English B.has been studying EnglishC.had studied English D.will have been studying English,6.【答案】C。【详细解答】一般来说，在表达将来的主从结构中，主句用一般将来时，而从句应用一般现在时。该题就符合这一特点。7.【答案】D。【解析】在表示“吩咐，命令，劝告”等的祈使句结构中可以和一个表示完成时的时态连用，主要用来表示一个动作结束后再开始另一动作。类似这样的用法在英语中使用相当频繁。8.【答案】C。【解析】将来完成时主要表示将来某时将会发生的事情，一般要用表示将来的时间状语，如:by 或 before 引导的介词词组或 before 引导的时间状语从句。9.【答案】C。【解析】在“Its the 1st time that”结构中，that分句中的动词用现在完成体。10.【答案】D。【解析】本题考点是将来完成进行时。by+将来的时间是将来完成时的标志，而“学习”这个动作是一直进行的，因此选D。,
