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1、Geodetic Surveying di:detik大地测量（学）Geodetic theodolites generally have circles of about 140mm diameter.大地经纬仪的度盘直径一般为140毫米。Plane Surveying平面测量（学）Feature n.地形特征，特点；地图 要素，地物natural feature自然地物 artificial feature 人工地物Features are the objects on the earths surface.There are two types of features,that is,n
2、atural feature and cultural feature.Natural features include vegetation,rivers,lakes,oceans,etc.Cultural(artificial)features are the products of people,and include roads,railroads,buildings,canals,boundary lines,etcrepresent,reprizent vt.1.描绘,(抽象地)表现2.象征;表示3.作为.的代表If you represent a person or thing
3、as a particular thing,you describe them as being that thing.,analognl:g n.类似物，同源语；模拟 adj.模拟的 in analog form 模拟形式(纸质图)Digital networks are considerably less subjected to noise than analog networks.数字网络不象模拟网络那样易受噪音干扰。contourkntu n.外形，轮廓；（地图上表示相同海拔各点的）等高线；概要；电路 vt.画轮廓（等高线）adj.显示轮廓的 contoured map 地形图A c
4、ontour on a map is a line joining points of equal height and indicating hills,valleys,and the steepness of slopes.There were three moderate climbs to just below the 450 feet contour.刚好在450英尺的等高线之下有3个缓坡。a contour map showing two hills and this large mountain in the middle.标示着两座小山和中间这座大山的等高线地图,dimensi
5、onal dimennl a.1.尺寸的2.【物】量纲的;【数】因次的,维的dimensiondimenn n.尺寸；复面积，范围；物量纲；数次元，度，维 In mathematics and science,dimension is used in describing spatial concepts such as points,lines,and solids.Length is one dimension,and breadth is another.长是一种度量，宽又是另一种度量。As such 同样地geodesist n.大地测量工作者；测量技师aspectspekt方面;形态
6、;特性;特征；朝向，方向An aspect of something is one of the parts of its character or nature.The training program covers every aspect of the job.训练计划的范围包括了这种工作的各个方面。The house had a south-west aspect.这幢房子面向西南。,Model n.模型；模特儿；模式；典型 V.创立(系统或过程）的（理论描述)模型 A model of a system or process is a theoretical description
7、that can help you understand how the system or process works,or how it might work.If someone such as a scientist models a system or process,they make an accurate theoretical description of it in order to understand or explain how it works.the mathematics needed to model a nonlinear system like an at
8、mosphere.创立诸如大气层之类的非线性系统的模型所需的数学知识,determinationdi,t:minein n.决心；决定，确定；物测定，计算 Monumentation n.埋石;标石；标志monumentmnjumnt n.纪念碑；遗址；界标，标石，埋石控制点；Permanent monument 永久标石Seen v.看见（see的过去分词）；观看；领会；考虑 be seen as 被视为 basically adv.主要地；从根本上说；基本，基本上；总的说来 field work 外业office work 内业 The small portable battery-ope
9、rated units are most suitable for field work.这种用电池作电源的小型便携式仪器最适用于野外工作。construction surveysknstrkn srven.施工测量 hydrographic surveys n.水道测量；水文测量;海道测量,categoryktigri n.C 种类;部属;类别；These questions may be included in the same category.这些问题可以归入一类。take into account v.重视，考虑；顾及 Flat adj.平的；n.平地；（楼房的）一层；Additio
10、nallyd()nli adv.此外 Conduct kndkt v.进行;组织;实施 When you conduct an activity or task,you organize it and carry it out.I decided to conduct an experiment.我决定进行一次实验。You use additionally to introduce something extra such as an extra fact or reason.elevation,elivein n.高度，高程;海拔Height hait n.高度,高程,海拔The eleva
11、tion of a place is its height above sea level.Digital Elevation Model(DEM)has a wide variety of applications in GIS.数字高程模型DEM在地理信息系统(GIS)中有着广泛的应用。Were probably at an elevation of about 13,000 feet above sea level.我们可能在大约海拔13,000英尺的高度。,combination,kmbinein n.结合(体);联合(体)combinekmbain preciseprisais ad
12、j.清晰的；精确的；正规的；精密 的These precise instruments have already gone into mass production.这些精密仪器已经大规模投入生产。establishistbli vt.建立;设立;创办If someone establishes something such as an organization,a type of activity,or a set of rules,they create it or introduce it in such a way that it is likely to last for a lon
13、g time.Station n.站，点；,relativereltiv adj.相关的；相对的；相互有关的；比较而言的 n.亲属，亲戚；相关物；Relative to the size,the city is sparsely populated.与其面积相比，这个城市的人口是稀少的。A distant relative is not as good as a near neighbour.远亲不如近邻。consistentknsistnt adj.一致的；数学、统计学相容的；一贯的；连续的 compatiblekmptbl adj.兼容的，相容的；协调的 consistent and co
14、mpatible data一致和可靠的数据ground-based 以地面为基础的，地面theodolite idlait n.【测】经纬仪ground-based theodolite 大地经纬仪Tape n.带子；胶带，磁带；卷尺 Steel tape 钢尺，钢卷尺；钢带 Band tape 皮尺；Tapeman 司尺员；head tapeman 前司尺员 rear tapeman 后司尺员,extremely ikstri:mli ad.极端地;极其;非常a fraction of the cost 成本的一小部分，原价的几分之一 thoroughr a.1.彻底的;完全的,全面的2.周
15、密的;完善的3.十足的,彻头彻尾的He has a thorough knowledge of botany.他对植物学了解很透。The instructor appears to have a thorough knowledge of the subject.教师对所教授课程内容理解深刻。prerequisitepri:rekwizit n.先决条件，前提，必要条件 adj.必须先具备的，必要的；先决条件的Correct decision-making is an important prerequisite for success in all work.正确决策是各项工作成功的重要前提
16、。Training is a prerequisite for competence.接受训练是掌握技能的前提。,execution,eksikju:n n.实行;执行;履行;完成spheroidsfirid n.球状体，椭球体；球体 The earth is a spheroid and not a sphere.地球是一个椭球而非球体。Anyway,this book says the earth is more like an oblate bleit spheroid.adj.扁平的，扁圆的 不管怎么说，该书说地球更像一个扁球体。a technical sense 技术意义上strai
17、ghtstreit adj.直的；adv.直地；直接地；n.直线；直线部分 Allowances launs n.1.津贴,零用钱C2.分配额;允许值C，限差;minormain adj.较小的，少数的，n.副修科目；vi.副修，选修，Major adj.主要的；重要的；主修的（课程）n.主修科目；vi.主修，专攻；,latitudeltitju:d n.纬度；范围；天黄纬；Equatorikweit n.赤道；longitudelnditju:d n.经度;meridianmridin n.子午圈；子午线；经线;顶点;prime meridian n.本初子午线，本初子午圈,首子午线Astr
18、onomical meridian 天文子午线，天文子午圈Central meridian 中央子午线Geodetic meridian 大地子午线Magnetic meridian 磁子午线True meridian 真子午线Zero meridian首子午线northingn:i n.北距;北航；北偏；Easting n.东行航程，朝东方，东距rectangularrektgjul adj.矩形的；成直角的；直角坐标的；长方,grid n.格网；坐标网；（输电线路、天然气管道等的）系统网络 rectangular grid 直角坐标网 fundamental,fndmentl adj.基础
19、的，基本的，根本的，重要的，原始的，主要的，十分重大的；n.基本原理，基本原则，根本，基础；gravitygrviti n.重力；万有引力，地心引力；gravity field重力场The gravity field contains the superimposition effect of heterogeneous bodies with different densities.重力场包含了各种密度不均匀体的迭加效应。coordinateku:dineit vt.使协调，使调和；ku:dinit n.坐标；sufficientlysfintli ad.足够地,充分地gravimetric
20、,grvmetrik a.(测定)重力的,重力分析的 What are the shapes and size of the gravimetric network?重力测量测网的形状和大小有什么要求？,curvaturek:vt n.弯曲,(几何)曲率disregardvt.不顾；不理会；漠视，忽视；蔑视，轻视,disrig:d Significant signifiknt adj.数量相当大的;显著的;重要的；有意义的；designatedezigneit V.指明，指出;表明;标示;把定名为;称呼 give description or nameWith regard to adv.关于
21、；就；说起 With regard to hardness,the diamond is in a class by itself.讲硬度，金刚钻是独一无二的。plumbplm vt.使垂直；用测铅测；探索 adj.垂直的 adv.恰恰，正；垂直地 vi.做管道工 n.铅锤，测锤Bricklayers and carpenters often use plumb lines.瓦工和木工经常使用铅垂线。,Limit n.限制；限度；界限,范围;vt.限制，限定The limit of an area is its boundary or edge.trigonometry,trignmitri
22、n.三角学 We may determine the height of a mountain by trigonometry.我们可用三角原理测定山的高度。plane trigonometry 平面三角(学)algebraldbr n.代数学，代数 analytical,nlitikl adj.分析的，解析的geometrydimitri n.几何学；几何形状；几何图形；analytical geometry平面解析几何accuracykjursi n.精确（性），准确（性),准度,精度The accuracy of information or measurements is their
23、quality of being true or correct,even in small details.precisionprisin n.精度,精确度，准确（性）；,lyinglaii v.躺,位于（lie的现在分词）；The Rocky Mountains lie in the west part of America.落基山脉位于美国西部。subtendsbtend vt.【数】(弦、边)对(弧、角)Subtended chord 对边,对弦furtherf:adv.进一步地；更远地；而且 sphericalsferikl adj.球形的，球面的；天体的，天空的 trianglet
24、raigl n.三角形；三角铁；三角板 appreciatepri:ieitv.领会；了解；认识 If you appreciate a situation or problem,you understand it and know what it involves.It will be appreciated that 应当认识到It is generally appreciated that the rail network needs a complete overhaul.众所周知，铁路系统需要大检修。canalknl n.运河;水道;沟渠 sophistications,fistik
25、ein n.(科技产品的)复杂;精密The sophistication of machines or methods is their quality of being more advanced or complex than others.restrict ristrikt vt.限制，限定；约束，束缚,severelysvirli adv.严格地；严重地；严厉地；严肃地 divisiondivin n.分开，分隔；数除法；部门；军师 geoiddi:id n.大地水准面Geiod or quasi-geoid is a height datum for acquiring geospa
26、tial information.大地水准面或似大地水准面是获取地理空间信息的高程基准面。quasikw:zi(:)adj.类似的，准的 theoreticaliretikl a.1.理论的;2.假设的,the mean sea level surface平均海平面landmasslnd,ms n.大陆 illustrateilstreit vt.1.(用图,实例等)说明,阐明(+with)2.插图于(书籍等),图解imaginaryimdinri adj.想像中的，假想的，虚构的；trenchtrent n.C1.沟,沟渠2.战壕Atlantictlntkn.大西洋Pacificpsfk n
27、.太平洋,for all intents and purposes在各种情况下,For all intents and purposes,these things are garbage.无论从哪点来看，这些东西都是废物。halfwayh:fwei adj.半途（的）；中间（的）；不彻底（的）datumdeitmn.1.数据(pl.data)2.【测】基准面(pl.datums)curiouslykjurisli adv.好奇地,反常地；incorrectly,inkrektli adv.不适当地;不合适地Curiously and incorrectly 不十分准确地说tangenttndn
28、t n.C【数】正切;切线adj.正切的；相切的；切线的；tangencytndnsi n.接触，相切 neglectniglekt vt.1.忽视,忽略Backsight bksait n.后视 foresightf:sait n.先见；前视；differential,difrenl adj.差别的；数微分的，差分的；n.数微分，差分；差别；Leveling n.水准测量；,compensatekmpenseit vt.补偿，赔偿；抵消 vi.补偿，弥补refractionrifrkn n.1.折射;大气差securesikju adj.安全的；牢固的；有把握的；安心的 vt.保护；（使）获得；使安全；vi.获得安全，变得安全；cooperationku,prein n.合作,协作 parameterprmit n.数参数；参量；限制因素；决定因素 in turn 依次；轮流地；相应地；转而;接下来；natural map series自然地图系列 formationf:men n.形成；构成，结构；,
