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1、雅思阅读如何寻找信号词 雅思阅读考试考查的不仅是对*的理解，还有很多*语段中的细节，通过题干去锁定关键词信息对考生来说尤为重要，要善于寻找*中的信号词。雅思阅读 如何寻找信号词?雅思阅读题会设置很多的同义词转换，寻找答案的难度就提高了一个level，怎么办，这时候*中的信号词变成了救命稻草，一起来了解一下如何寻找雅思阅读中的信号词吧。雅思阅读信号词之特殊信号词特殊的信号词，一般都比较容易识别，如果遇到题目中涉及到，一般大写字母开头的人名，地名，专有名词，以及特殊印刷体和黑体，这些词在英语*中显得尤为突出，往往也是题干中关键词的原词定位。例 如 the US Congress voted NAS
2、A $10 million per year for ten years to conduct a thorough search for the extra-terrestrial life 这句话，出现了US Congress, NASA 专有名词信号词，极有可能成为定位的讯息。的确，判断题型中有一题the NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress. 就是根据这两个信号词精确地回到原文定位。雅思阅读信号词之普通信号词雅思阅读作为一项专业的语言水平测试，当然不能只依靠容易识别的特殊信号词，*中的普通信号词对于
3、解题可谓是功不可没。1)信号词之原因例 如reason, cause, since, in that, as, because, thanks to, owing to, 解释说明某一事物或事件，往往会蕴含重要信息。如since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years, we can expect that 该句是之后简答题what is the life expectancy of Earth 的答案信息*，如果考生只定位Earth, 那就很有可能失分，因为原句对Earth 做了同义替换的表述，而since这个信
4、号词则提示了答案所在的地方。2)信号词之结论例 如 thus, therefore, so, hence, consequently, as a result, 这些词往往是对前面所论述的总结归纳，例如 Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return， 该句出现在整篇*的末段首句，很明显是对前文的总结概括，高度浓缩了信息。最后的主旨选择题，就是对该句的改写：they have made the transition from sea to land more than once。3)信号词之转折例 如however, but,
5、by comparison, nonetheless, nevertheless，这些词往往表示*观点或方向的重大转变，重点应该关注信号词后面的内容。如this definition implies that iconoclasts are different from other people, but more precisely, it is their brains that are different in three distinct ways， 前半句指出iconoclasts异于常人，用but转折词，强调指出区别的关键地方。这也是选择题iconoclasts are disti
6、nctive because 的出题方向。4)信号词之让步例 如although, though, while, whereas, whilst等连接的句子，后半句才是引出的话题和强调内容。如He accurately predicted that Venus would cross the face of the Sun in both 1761 and 1769-though he didnt survive to see either， 前半句讲述他精确预测金星跨越太阳的两次时间，后半句用though引出让步内容，他没有看到任何一次。判断题中Halley observed one tra
7、nsit of the planet Venus主要就是以原文定位句的后半句为判断依据。5)信号词之举例例 如for example, for instance, that is to say, such as, include, 后面引出具体事物的详细例子，同时原文中破折号和冒号也有异曲同工之妙，对前面的内容补充说明。如in other worlds, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in
8、 that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water. 整句话都在解释说明该段的第二个假设we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us，所举的例子也是判断题SETI
9、 scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways 的判断依据。6)信号词之顺序例 如first, second, finally, eventually, later, then, next等，体现出*内容的逻辑性与发展性。如In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First,Second， 使用first 和second这两个序数词，清晰逻辑地讲述了两个重要的假设。这
10、两个信号词，也是这篇*heading题型段落大意的重点提示。7)信号词之比较级例 如more, most, -est, best, better,exclusively, extremely, superior, preferable，表示事物之间的比较，也是*要强调的地方。如one part is a targeted search using the worlds largest radio telescopes, the American-operated telescope， 该句的the worlds largest radio telescopes 对应了题目中the worlds
11、 most powerful radio telescopes，答案信息就在这里。雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案1 Theres a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise and fall on timescales of around 100,000 years - exactly the same period as between ice ages on Earth. So says a physicist who has created a computer model of our stars co
12、re.2 Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, modelled the effect of temperature fluctuations in the suns interior. According to the standard view, the temperature of the suns core is held constant by the opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusion. However, Ehrlich belie
13、ved that slight variations should be possible.3 He took as his starting point the work of Attila Grandpierre of the Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In 2005, Grandpierre and a collaborator, Gbor ?goston, calculated that magnetic fields in the suns core could produce small in
14、stabilities in the solar plasma. These instabilities would induce localised oscillations in temperature.4 Ehrlichs model shows that whilst most of these oscillations cancel each other out, some reinforce one another and become long-lived temperature variations. The favoured frequencies allow the sun
15、s core temperature to oscillate around its average temperature of 13.6 million kelvin in cycles lasting either 100,000 or 41,000 years. Ehrlich says that random interactions within the suns magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle length to the other.5 These two timescales are insta
16、ntly recognisable to anyone familiar with Earths ice ages: for the past million years, ice ages have occurred roughly every 100,000 years. Before that, they occurred roughly every 41,000 years.6 Most scientists believe that the ice ages are the result of subtle changes in Earths orbit, known as the
17、Milankovitch cycles. One such cycle describes the way Earths orbit gradually changes shape from a circle to a slight ellipse and back again roughly every 100,000 years. The theory says this alters the amount of solar radiation that Earth receives, triggering the ice ages. However, a persistent probl
18、em with this theory has been its inability to explain why the ice ages changed frequency a million years ago.7 In Milankovitch, there is certainly no good idea why the frequency should change from one to another, says Neil Edwards, a climatologist at the Open University in Milton Keynes, UK. Nor is
19、the transition problem the only one the Milankovitch theory faces. Ehrlich and other critics claim that the temperature variations caused by Milankovitch cycles are simply not big enough to drive ice ages.8 However, Edwards believes the small changes in solar heating produced by Milankovitch cycles
20、are then amplified by feedback mechanisms on Earth. For example, if sea ice begins to form because of a slight cooling, carbon dioxide that would otherwise have found its way into the atmosphere as part of the carbon cycle is locked into the ice. That weakens the greenhouse effect and Earth grows ev
21、en colder.9 According to Edwards, there is no lack of such mechanisms. If you add their effects together, there is more than enough feedback to make Milankovitch work, he says. The problem now is identifying which mechanisms are at work. This is why scientists like Edwards are not yet ready to give
22、up on the current theory. Milankovitch cycles give us ice ages roughly when we observe them to happen. We can calculate where we are in the cycle and compare it with observation, he says. I cant see any way of testing Ehrlichs idea to see where we are in the temperature oscillation.10 Ehrlich conced
23、es this. If there is a way to test this theory on the sun, I cant think of one that is practical, he says. Thats because variation over 41,000 to 100,000 years is too gradual to be observed. However, there may be a way to test it in other stars: red dwarfs. Their cores are much smaller than that of
24、the sun, and so Ehrlich believes that the oscillation periods could be short enough to be observed. He has yet to calculate the precise period or the extent of variation in brightness to be expected.11 Nigel Weiss, a solar physicist at the University of Cambridge, is far from convinced. He describes
25、 Ehrlichs claims as utterly implausible. Ehrlich counters that Weisss opinion is based on the standard solar model, which fails to take into account the magnetic instabilities that cause the temperature fluctuations.Questions 1-4Complete each of the following statements with One or Two names of the
26、scientists from the box below.Write the appropriate letters A-E in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.A. Attila GrandpierreB. Gbor ?gostonC. Neil EdwardsD. Nigel WeissE. Robert Ehrlich1. .claims there抯 a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise and fall in periods as long as those
27、 between ice ages on Earth.2. .calculated that the internal solar magnetic fields could produce instabilities in the solar plasma.3. .holds that Milankovitch cycles can induce changes in solar heating on Earth and the changes are amplified on Earth.4. .doesnt believe in Ehrlichs viewpoints at all.Qu
28、estions 5-9Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?In boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
29、5. The ice ages changed frequency from 100,000 to 41,000 years a million years ago.6. The sole problem that the Milankovitch theory can not solve is to explain why the ice age frequency should shift from one to another.7. Carbon dioxide can be locked artificially into sea ice to eliminate the greenh
30、ouse effect.8. Some scientists are not ready to give up the Milankovitch theory though they havent figured out which mechanisms amplify the changes in solar heating.9. Both Edwards and Ehrlich believe that there is no practical way to test when the solar temperature oscillation begins and when ends.
31、雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案Questions 10-14Complete the notes below.Choose one suitable word from the Reading Passage above for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 10-14 on your answer sheet.The standard view assumes that the opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusions hold the temperature .10.in the sun
32、s interior, but the slight changes in the earths .11. alter the temperature on the earth and cause ice ages every 100,000 years. A British scientist, however, challenges this view by claiming that the internal solar magnetic .12. can induce the temperature oscillations in the suns interior. The suns
33、 core temperature oscillates around its average temperature in .13. lasting either 100,000 or 41,000 years. And the .14. interactions within the suns magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle length to the other, which explains why the ice ages changed frequency a million years ago.A
34、nswer keys and explanations:1. ESee the sentences in paragraph 1(Theres a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise and fall on timescales of around 100,000 years - exactly the same period as between ice ages on Earth. So says a physicist who has created a computer model of our
35、 stars core.) and para.2 (Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, modelled the effect of temperature fluctuations in the suns interior.)2. A BSee para.3: ?i style=normalGrandpierre and a collaborator, Gbor ?goston, calculated that magnetic fields in the suns core could produc
36、e small instabilities in the solar plasma.3. CSee para.8: Edwards believes the small changes in solar heating produced by Milankovitch cycles are then amplified by feedback mechanisms on Earth.4. DSee para.11: Nigel Weiss, a solar physicist at the University of Cambridge, is far from convinced. He d
37、escribes Ehrlichs claims as utterly implausible.5. FalseSee para.5: for the past million years, ice ages have occurred roughly every 100,000 years. Before that, they occurred roughly every 41,000 years.6. FalseSee para.7: In Milankovitch, there is certainly no good idea why the frequency should chan
38、ge from one to another, . Nor is the transition problem the only one the Milankovitch theory faces.7. Not GivenSee para.8: if sea ice begins to form because of a slight cooling, carbon dioxide?is locked into the ice. That weakens the greenhouse effect. (The passage doesn抰 mention anything about lock
39、ing Co2 into ice artificially.)8. TrueSee para.9: there is no lack of such mechanisms. If you add their effects together, there is more than enough feedback to make Milankovitch work,?The problem now is identifying which mechanisms are at work. This is why scientists like Edwards are not yet ready t
40、o give up on the current theory.9. TrueSee the sentences in para.9 (According to Edwards, 卙e says. I cant see any way of testing Ehrlichs idea to see where we are in the temperature oscillation.) and para.10 (Ehrlich concedes this. If there is a way to test this theory on the sun, I cant think of on
41、e that is practical).10. constantSee para.2: According to the standard view, the temperature of the suns core is held constant by the opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusion.11. orbitSee para.6: Most scientists believe that the ice ages are the result of subtle changes in Earths orbit, 匛art
42、hs orbit gradually changes shape from a circle to a slight ellipse and back again roughly every 100,000 years.12. instabilitiesSee para.3: ?i style=magnetic fields in the suns core could produce small instabilities in the solar plasma. These instabilities would induce localised oscillations in tempe
43、rature.13. cyclesSee para.4: allow the suns core temperature to oscillate around its average temperature of 13.6 million kelvin in cycles lasting either 100,000 or 41,000 years.14. randomSee para.4: Ehrlich says that random interactions within the suns magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle length to the other
