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1、雅思阅读背景知识 为了让大家更好的备考雅思阅读，给大家搜集了雅思阅读背景知识，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。雅思阅读背景知识之鲣鸟鲣鸟又叫结巴鸟，是一种大型的热带海鸟，鲣鸟遍布于世界各个海域。它是少数日益增多的鸟类之一，从20世纪以来，很可能已经增加一倍以上。显而易见的原因，在于人类减少捕杀这种海鸟;直到十九世纪末，鲣鸟曾经是人类的重要食物*之一。由于鲣鸟居住的地方非常拥挤，要在这么纷乱的鲣鸟群栖区维持秩序，避免成双成对的鲣鸟发生纠纷，防止失散，于是导致极其复杂的炫耀行为。典型的求偶方式是：雄鸟与雌鸟面对面双翼展开，然后不停地摇头，用喙互相对擦，而且和许多其它种类的鸟一样，喜欢遵循仪式，彼此
2、用喙理毛。最后，在“双宿双飞”之前，两只鸟一起昂首，喙指向天空，发出打鼾的声音。蓝足鲣鸟的分布区由热带美洲伸延到加拉巴哥群岛。从外表看来，褐色羽毛使它酷似其它种类未成长的鲣鸟，不过由它两只鲜明的蓝足很容易加以辨认。蓝足鲣鸟虽然与其它鲣鸟一样都在地上栖居，但也有一部分在树上营巢。寒冷地带的雌鸟必须为幼鸟保暖;同样地，热带地区的雌鸟就得为幼鸟遮荫，避免日晒。鲣鸟中有一个种类的鲣鸟长着一双蓝色的脚蹼，这种蓝脚鲣鸟分布在从美国南加利福尼亚到秘鲁北面的太平洋地区。蓝脚鲣鸟不仅脚的颜色奇特，它的孵卵方式更有趣。他们不是像其他鸟儿那样用身体来孵卵，而是用它们那对漂亮的大大的脚蹼护住卵，保持温度，直到孵化出幼
3、雏。蓝脚鲣鸟捕鱼的本领非常高。它们在水面30米高的地方飞行，一旦发现爱吃的鱼，就收拢双翅，头朝下，像一颗流星溅入湛蓝的大海。入水时产生的巨大声响，能把水面以下1.5米处左右游动的鱼震晕，这时鲣鸟以迅雷不及掩耳之势钻入水里，用双翅和带有蹼的脚拨水，在水中快速游动觅食。鲣鸟一咬住鱼，便在水下把鱼吞入腹中，然后浮出水面。为了抗击强大的冲击力，蓝脚鲣鸟的头变得非常坚硬。鲣鸟不怕人，所以很容易被人抓住，还因此得了一个不好听的名字笨鸟。雅思阅读背景知识之英语名著简介Literary enthusiasts yesterday published a list of 100 books， at least
4、one of which will be found on every bookcase in Britain.昨天，英国文学爱好者公布了一个100部必读书籍清单，几乎囊括了所有英国最为家喻户晓的书籍。The catalogue of classics includes a diverse mix of literary genres including everything from Harry Potter to Jane Eyre to the saucy novel Fifty Shades of Grey.涉及的经典各种体裁不等，包括系列小说哈利波特、经典名着简爱等。Other ti
5、tles featured include Pride and Prejudice， Wuthering Heights and The Man Who Thought Different， the late Steve Jobs biography.另外还有傲慢与偏见呼啸山庄，以及新近出版的乔布斯传记史蒂夫乔布斯：那个非同凡“想”的人。弗兰克斯金纳大卫威廉姆斯Autobiographies from the likes of Frank Skinner， David Walliams， Miranda Hart and even Katie Price also feature on Bri
6、tains bookshelves.英国人的书架上常见的自传书籍主要是来自喜剧演员弗兰克斯金纳大卫威廉姆斯、米兰达哈特，甚至还有模特“波霸乔丹” 凯蒂普莱斯。The research was commissioned by Bookmarkyourlibrary.org.uk which trawled literary forums and websites to compile a list of books for people to select their favourites from.此项调查由Bookmarkyourlibrary.org.uk网站组织举行，在各大文学论坛与网站
7、上展开，整理罗列了大家的最爱书籍清单。The book most people are likely to have gathering dust on the shelf is Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire by JK Rowling， followed by The Hobbit.人们最喜欢买回家放到书架上尘封的藏书是JK罗琳的哈利波特与火焰杯，其次是霍比特人。Elisabeth Robinson， spokesperson for Bookmarkyourlibrary.org.uk said： Bearing in mind the first
8、 Harry Potter book was released just 15 years ago， its incredible that two of them are in the top ten books that appear on Britons bookshelves and its an incredible feat to beat classics like Great Expectations and Pride and Prejudice.”该网站的发言人伊丽莎白罗宾森说：“记得第一部哈利波特系列上市还是15年前的事了，真不敢相信该系列有两部到现在还排在英国藏书的前十
9、名，远远超过了远大前程和傲慢与偏见等经典名着。”The survey also revealed that more than one in ten said they would never read the same book twice and one in twenty said they throw books away.调查还发现，超过1/10的人表示同一本书不会读两遍，1/20的人则干脆读完就扔了。And over half of Brits leave books to gather dust on their shelves， 16 per cent would take t
10、hem to a charity shop and 15 pass finished books on to a friend when they have finished them.近半成的英国人任由书籍在书架上落满灰尘，16%的人会把书捐给慈善机构，15%的人则在读完后转送给朋友。Elisabeth continued Nobody likes to see a good book go to waste and libraries have been Britains bookshelves for centuries giving people access to the great
11、est reads of all time without them gathering dust.”伊丽莎白还说：“大家都不希望好书受到冷落，而图书馆几个世纪以来一直是人们大量阅读的便利场所。”Its refreshing to see how varied the genres on the list are， going from classics like Little Women to Bradley Wiggins autobiography. It also goes to show that a good book， however old， will always find
12、a new audience.“书单上的作品体裁各异，既有像小妇人这样的经典名着，也有自行车名将布拉德利维金斯的自传，真的很有意思。这也恰恰表明，经典就是经典，不论在哪个年代，总会受到人们的喜爱。”No doubt literary aficionados will object to the likes of titles by Katie Price and Russell Brand appearing in the list， but our view is that as long as people are picking up books and reading that has
13、 to be a positive thing.“当然，也有文学爱好者反对将凯蒂普莱斯和拉塞尔布兰德的书收入其中。不过我们认为，只要有人爱读，那就是件好事。”Our aim is to drive people back in to Britains libraries whether they are reading chick-lit， science fiction or a celebrity autobiography.“我们的目的是鼓励英国人重拾阅读的习惯，不论是读通俗言情、科幻小说还是名人自传，都很不错!”The poll also found that more than on
14、e in ten Brits have lied about reading certain books. Of those a third said they pretend to have read certain titles to make themselves appear more intelligent than they actually are. And a quarter said they pretend to be more well-read than they actually are.调查还发现，超过1/10的人谎称自己读过某些书。这些人中有1/3谎称自己读过某些
15、作品，好让自己听上去比较聪明好学。有1/4的人表示自己会假装阅读广泛。Of the 2000 adults polled 18 per cent said they regularly re-read books on their shelves， but 13 per cent said they hang on to books as they like seeing them lined up on the bookshelf.参加调查的2000名成人中，18%表示自己经常重翻书架上的藏书，而13%的人则表示自己藏书仅仅是因为喜欢书籍满满当当列在书架上的样子。雅思阅读背景知识之颜色代表的
16、意义1. RED:(1)The president was treated to the redcarpet in Rome.总统在罗马受到了隆重的接待。(2)It was a red-letter day in the history of Chinese revolution.这是中国历史上值得纪念的日子。(3)A thief was caught red-handed in the act of breaking open alock.一个窃贼在砸开锁时被当场抓获。(4)You said that l am very good. ls my face red?你说我很好，真使我难为情了。
17、(5)When he started criticizing my work,l really saw red.当他批评 我的工作时，我就冒火、发脾气。(6)There is too much red-tape in obtaining an identity card.领身份证的手续实在太繁琐了。(7)They had to sell the firm because for years they had operated it in the red.因为经营这家公司几年来一直亏损，所以他们只好把它卖掉。(8)Well soon be out of the red.我们很快就会扭亏为盈。(9
18、)Every time he comes to New York,he wants to paint the town red.每次来纽约，他都要痛饮一番。2. GREEN:(10)He is still green to his job.他对其工作尚无经验。(11)Do you see any green in my eye?你认为我幼稚可欺吗?(12)lf you want to be a successful gardener,of course youve gotto have green fingers.假如你想当个称职的园工，那你就得有园艺技能。(13)She is a green
19、 hand in teaching English.在英语教学中，他还是个生手。(14)Mother gave us the green light to go on the camping trip this summer.妈妈准许我们今年夏天去野营一次。(15)He has a green wound in the left breast.他左胸上有一新伤口。3. BLUE:(16)He is proud of his blue blood.他因出身名门贵族而骄傲。(17)Things are looking extremely blue.情况极其不妙。(18)True blue will
20、 never stain.真金不怕火炼。(19)She ran and ran until she was blue in the face.她跑啊跑啊，累得脸色发青精疲力竭。(20)lts once in a blue moon that you get a chance like that.你得到的是个千载难逢的机会。(21)He can read like a blue streak.他看书极快。(22)The bad news came like a bolt out of the blue.这消息来得如青天霹雳。(23)John arrived out of the blue.约翰突
21、然来了。(24)A rainy day always gives me the blues.下雨天总是使我心情抑郁。4. BROWN:(25)The leaves browned slowly.树叶渐渐枯了。(26)We are all of us done brown.我们都上当了。(27)When she gives a dinner party,she always does it up brown.她举行宴会，总是办得很出色。(28)lm browned off,sitting here all day with nothing to do.我整 天坐在这儿没事干，感到抑郁无聊。(29
22、)Aim at one bird, dont blaze into the brown.瞄准一只打，不要射击鸟群。(30)l tried to attract his attention,but he was in a brown study.我企图吸引他的注意力可是他仍在沉思默想。5. BLACK:(31)The black dog is over him.他意气消沉。(32)Tom is the black sheep of his family.汤姆是个败家子。(33)Next time l see him, lll give him a black eye.下次我见到他一定打他一顿。雅
23、思阅读背景知识之笔译和口译Interpretation and Interpreter口译和口译员A. Although the terms interpretation and translation are often used interchangeably, by strict definition, interpretation refers to the spoken language, and translation to the written language.虽然口译和翻译这两个术语经常可以互换使用，但严格地说，口译是指口语，翻译是指书面语言。B. A competent
24、translator should be very acquainted with the following points: A detailed knowledge of the subject matter is equally as important as academic knowledge of the language pairs, in certain cases (technical manuals for example) it plays a greater role. An ability to write well is also important. Proofr
25、eading and editing is a good way to break into the industry and the skills gained will help you later on; Although a degree may not be absolutely necessary, a qualification in translation is important; Practice the language! Take a language course or work towards a degree or whatever you feel is app
26、ropriate. Read newspapers in that language and keep abreast of the culture, listen to music and news from that country ff able to. Travel to the country as often as you are able to; No course of study will ever be 100% perfect. Only you can judge whether it is the right one to meet your needs; Those
27、 basic qualifications will help one get started but after that it is ones experience on the job and performance as a translator that counts; There are more opportunities for freelance translators than In-House; Attend local translation events and seminars. It will not only help one learn more about
28、different subjects, it will also help one make contacts in the translation and interpreting field.一个称职的翻译应该非常熟悉以下几点:一个主题的详细知识是同等重要的学术知识的语言对，在某些情况下(如技术手册)它发挥了更大的作用。良好的写作能力也很重要。校对和编辑是进入这个行业的一个好方法，所获得的技能将帮助你以后;虽然学位并非绝对必要，但翻译资格是重要的;练习语言!参加一门语言课程，或者努力获得一个学位，或者做任何你认为合适的事情。读那种语言的报纸，了解那种文化，听来自那个国家的音乐和新闻。尽可能
29、多地去乡下旅行;没有一门课程是百分百完美的。只有你才能判断它是否适合你;这些基本素质将有助于一个人的起步，但在此之后，重要的是一个人的工作经验和作为一名翻译的表现;自由译者的机会比在公司内部要多;参加当地的翻译活动和研讨会。它不仅可以帮助人们更多地了解不同的主题，还可以帮助人们在翻译和口译领域建立联系。C. interpretation is generally categorized into consecutive interpretation and simultaneous interpretation. The former refers to the circumstance wh
30、ere the interpreter waits until a complete statement has been spoken and then begins interpreting (so only one person is speaking at a time). It is used primarily to interpret witness testimony, a situation in which everyone in the courtroom needs to hear the interpretation. Simultaneous interpretat
31、ion is generally considered inappropriate for witness testimony - unless the courtroom is equipped with wireless equipment for that purpose - because hearing two voices at once is too distracting.口译一般分为交替传译和同声传译。前者指的是口译员等到完整的陈述陈述完毕后才开始口译的情况(一次只有一个人在发言)。它主要用于解释证人的证词，在这种情况下，法庭上的每个人都需要听解释。同声传译通常被认为不适合于
32、证人作证除非法庭为此配备了无线设备因为同时听到两个声音太让人分心。D. A court interpreter is anyone who interprets in a civil or criminal court proceeding ( e.g., arraignment, motion, pretrial conference, preliminary hearing, deposition, trial) for a witness or defendant who speaks or understands little or no English.法庭口译员是在民事或刑事法庭程
33、序(如提审、动议、审前会议、预审、作证、审判)中为英语说得或听不懂英语的证人或被告进行口译的人。E. Court interpreters must accurately interpret for individuals with a high level of education and an expansive vocabulary, as well as persons with very limited language skills without changing the language register of the speaker. For the other langua
34、ges, the following self-study techniques are suggested: (1) expand your vocabulary, (2) develop your own glossaries, and (3) develop interpreting techniques, namely, consecutive interpretation, simultaneous interpretation, and sight translation.法庭口译员必须在不改变讲话者语言记录的情况下，准确地为受教育程度高、词汇量大的人以及语言技能非常有限的人口译。
35、对于其他语言，建议采用下列自学技巧:(1)扩大词汇量;(2)发展自己的词汇量;(3)发展口译技巧，即:交替传译、同声传译和现场翻译。雅思阅读背景知识之租房广告的那些事英文租房广告常用语解析英文租房广告常用语解析租房是一件头痛的事，尤其是现在房子难租。如果你想练习英文，不妨考虑租老外的房子。不光可以把选择范围扩大，还可以乘机了解东西方文化的差异。看西人报纸的租房广告，新来的人往往被一大串缩写搞得迷糊了。以下是一个简单的例子，教你如何理解英文租房广告。FINCE-WARDEN, lrg 2br bsmt, new reno bright, lndry, eat-in kit, w-o balc,
36、close to HSR/shops. No smoke/pets, +, 1st/last. 222-2222 - leave mess. FINCH-WARDEN这间房是位于或邻近Finch和Warden街交界处。lrg 2br bsmt lrg=large，2br=two bedrooms，bsmt=It is in a basement (below ground).这是地库的两房套间。(注意，两房是指两个睡房，洗手间，厨房，厅肯定是有的，所以不写出来) new reno bright reno=renovation，最近才装修过，很光亮lndry, eat-in kit, w-o balc lndry=laundry，指有洗衣机干衣机，eat-in kitchen指厨房大，可在厨房里放饭桌吃饭。w-o balc=walk out to a balcony，指有扇门打开可通阳台。close to TTC/shops靠近公共交通，购物商场No smoke/pets不接受吸烟或养宠物的租客+租金为一个月，外加水电煤气。雅思阅读背景知识
