国际经济学期末总复习.ppt

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1、第一部分 选择题（30分）,The specific factor model argues that if land can be used both for food production and for manufacturing,then a quota that protects food production will()A.clearly helps landowners.B.clearly hurt landowners.C.clearly help manufacture but hurt food production.D.has an ambiguous effect o

2、n the welfare of landowners.答案：A 评讲：参考52页说明,第一部分 选择题,具体因素模型认为，如果土地都可以用于粮食生产和制造品生产，那么保护粮食生产的配额（）A.显然有助于地主。B.明显已经损害了地主。C.清楚地帮助生产，但粮食生产的伤害。D.拥有对土地所有者的福利模糊的效果。,第一部分 选择题,The World Trade Organization(WTO)was organized as a successor to the()IMF.UN.UNCTAGATT.答案：D评讲：237页,第一部分 选择题,世界贸易组织（WTO）组织作为继任者（）A.国际货币基

3、金组织。B.联合国。C.UNCTAD.关贸总协定。,第一部分 选择题,The most common form of price discrimination in international trade is()A.non-tariff barriers.B.Voluntary Export Restraints.C.dumping.D.preferential trade arrangements.答案：C评讲：141页“在国际贸易中，价格歧视最普遍的形式就是倾销。”,第一部分 选择题,在国际贸易中的价格歧视，最常见的形式是（）A.非关税贸易壁垒。B.自愿出口限制。C.倾销。D.优惠贸易安

4、排。,第一部分 选择题,Those who stand to gain from trade()does not really care about the issue of income redistribution.could not compensate losers since there are so many poor people.could compensate losers but would rather not in modern industrial pensates losers at least partially through such legislation

5、as unemployment compensation.答案:C评讲：57-62页“收入分配与贸易所得”内容,第一部分 选择题,这些立场，谁从贸易中获利（）A.并不真正关心收入再分配的问题的人。B.无法弥补的输家，因为有那么多的穷人。C.可以补偿失败者，但不愿意在现代工业经济。D.补偿失败者至少部分通过诸如失业赔偿等法律。,第一部分 选择题,International trade has strong effects on income distributions.Therefore,international trade()A.is beneficial to everyone in bo

6、th trading countries.B.will tend to hurt one trading country.C.will tend to hurt some groups in each trading country.D.will tend to hurt everyone in both countries.E.will be beneficial to all those engaged in international trade.答案：C评讲：57-62页“收入分配与贸易所得”内容,第一部分 选择题,国际贸易对收入分配的强烈影响。因此，国际贸易（）A.有利于双方贸易国的

7、每一个人。B.往往会伤害的贸易国。C.往往会伤害每个贸易国的一些团体。D.往往会伤害两国的每一个人。E.将有利于所有从事国际贸易的人士,第一部分 选择题,At the point of production,the production possibility frontier will be tangent(正切,相切)to()A.the origin.B.a line whose slope is the relative quality of the two goods.C.a line whose slope is the relative quantity of the two go

8、ods.D.a line whose slope is the relative price of the two goods.E.None of the above.答案：D 评讲：49页图,第一部分 选择题,在生产点，生产可能性边界将切线（正切，相切）至（）A.来源。B.行，其斜率是两种商品的相对质量。C.行的斜率是两种商品的相对数量。D.一份线的斜率是两种商品的相对价格。E.以上皆非。,第一部分 选择题,If trade opens up between the two formerly autarkic(自给的)countries,Australia and Belgium,then(

9、)A.the real income of Belgium and not of Australia will increase.B.the real income of Australia but not of Belgium will increase.C.the real income of neither country will increase.D.the real income of both countries will increase.答案：D评讲：23页,第一部分 选择题,如果贸易开辟了两国以前自给自足（自给的）国家，澳大利亚和比利时，然后（）A.在比利时的实际收入，而不

10、是澳大利亚将增加。B.澳大利亚的实际收入，但不是比利时将增加。C.两个国家的实际收入会不会增加。D两个国家的实际收入会增加。,第一部分 选择题,In the Specific Factors model,each of the two sections()A.employs the same factors used by the other.B.employs different factors than those employed in the other.C.employs a fixed coefficient(系数)production function.D.shares one

11、factor of production with the other sector.E.none of the above.答案：D评讲：特定要素模型的定义看出。,第一部分 选择题,在该模型的具体因素，每两节（）A.采用由其他使用相同的因素。B.员工比其他就业者不同的因素。C.采用了固定系数（系数）的生产函数。D.股份生产要素之一，与其他部门。E.以上都不是,第一部分 选择题,The reason trade clearly benefits a country is that()A.it raises the real income of the more productive eleme

12、nts in society.B.it lowers the real income of the less productive elements in society.C.it increases the levels of consumption of everyone.D.it increases societys consumption choices.答案：D评讲：23页,第一部分 选择题,原因贸易明显有利于国家是：（）A.它提高了社会生产要素的更实际收入。B.降低了社会生产要素的较低的实际收入。C.它增加了每个人的消费水平。D存在增加社会的消费选择。,第一部分 选择题,In th

13、e 2-factor,2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model,the two countries differ in()tastes.military capabilities.size.relative availabilities of factors of production.答案：D评讲：69页,第一部分 选择题,在赫克歇尔俄林模型，两国不同的是（）A.口味。B.军事能力。C.大小。D.产品的相对生产要素。,第一部分 选择题,The simultaneous export and import of widgets of different sectors is a

14、n example of()A.increasing returns to scale.B.imperfect competition.C.intra-industry trade.D.inter-industry trade.E.none of the above.答案：D评讲：137页,第一部分 选择题,的同时出口和进口部件不同部门是一个例子（）A.规模报酬递增。B.不完全竞争。C.产业内贸易。D.机构工业贸易。E.以上都不是。,第一部分 选择题,Intra-industry trade is most common in the trade patterns of()A.developi

15、ng countries of Asia and Africa.B.industrial countries of Western Europe.C.all countries.D.North-South trade.E.None of the above.答案：B评讲：140页,第一部分 选择题,产业内贸易是最常见的交易模式（）A.亚洲发展中国家和非洲。B.西欧工业国家。C.所有国家。D.南北贸易。E.以上皆非。,第一部分 选择题,A monopoly firm engaged in international trade will()A.equate(使等于)average to loca

16、l costs.B.equate marginal costs with foreign marginal costs.C.equate marginal costs with the highest price the market will bear.D.equate marginal costs with marginal revenues in both domestic and in foreign markets.E.None of the above.答案：D评讲：135页图,第一部分 选择题,垄断公司从事国际贸易的公司（）A.等同（使.等于）当地的平均成本。B.等同于外国边际成

17、本边际成本。C.等同于最高价市场的承受能力边际费用。D.等于边际收益与边际成本，在国内和国外市场。E.以上皆非。,第一部分 选择题,The most common market structure is()A.perfect competition.B.monopolistic competition.C.small-group oligopoly.D.perfectly vertical integration.E.None of the above.答案：B评讲：121页,第一部分 选择题,最常见的市场结构是（）A.完全竞争。B.垄断竞争。C.小团体寡头垄断。D.完全纵向一体化。E.以上皆

18、非。,第一部分 选择题,In industries in which there are scale economies,the variety of goods that a country can produce is constrained by()A.the size of the labor force.B.anti-trust legislation.C.the size of the market.D.the fixed cost.E.None of the above.答案：C评讲：153页提要1,第一部分 选择题,在行业中，有规模经济的货物的一个国家能生产品种受到限制（）A.

19、劳动力规模的大小。B.反托拉斯立法。C.市场规模。D.固定费用。E.以上皆非,第一部分 选择题,External economies of scale()may be associated with a perfectly competitive industry.cannot be associated with a perfectly competitive industry.tends to result in one huge monopoly.tends to result in large profits for each firm.None of the above.答案：A评讲

20、：123页最后一段,第一部分 选择题,外部规模经济（）A.可能与一个完全竞争的行业。B.不能与一个完全竞争的行业。C.往往导致一个巨大的垄断。D.往往造成对每家公司巨额利润。E.以上皆非。,第一部分 选择题,The importance of Intra-industry trade can be explained by()Countries can obtain benefit from larger market scale.Firms must obtain benefit from larger market scale.Consumers will have more choice

21、s.Both A and C.None of the above.答案：D评讲：139页,第一部分 选择题,内部经济贸易的重要性可以被解释为（）A.国家可以从更大的市场规模效益。B.企业必须获得更大的市场规模效益。C.消费者将有更多的选择。D.A和CE.以上皆非。,第一部分 选择题,A monopoly firm will maximize profits by(D)charging the same price in domestic and in foreign markets.producing where the marginal revenue is higher in foreig

22、n markets.producing where the marginal revenue is higher in the domestic market.equating the marginal revenues in domestic and foreign markets.None of the above.答案：D 点评：134页,第一部分 选择题,垄断企业将最大限度地利用（）A.收取同样的价格在国内和国外市场。B.其中生产的边际收益是在国外市场高。C.边际收入在国内市场高的生产。D.等同于国内和国外市场的边际收入。E.以上皆非。,第一部分 选择题,Two countries e

23、ngaged in trade in products with no scale economies,produced under conditions of perfect competition,are likely to be engaged in()monopolistic competition.inter-industry trade.intra-industry trade.Heckscher-Ohlin trade.None of the above.答案：B评讲：138页14,第一部分 选择题,两个国家在从事产品的贸易，没有规模经济，在完全竞争条件下生产的，很可能是从事（）

24、A.垄断竞争。B.产业间贸易。C.产业内贸易。D.赫克歇尔俄林贸易。E.以上皆非。,第一部分 选择题,Two countries engaged in trade in products with scale economies,produced under conditions of perfect competition,are likely to be engaged in()monopolistic competition.inter-industry trade.intra-industry trade.Heckscher-Ohlin trade.None of the above.

25、答案：C评讲：138页14,第一部分 选择题,两个国家在与规模经济产品贸易进行，在完全竞争条件下生产的，很可能是从事（）A.垄断竞争。B.产业间贸易。C.产业内贸易。D.赫克歇尔俄林贸易。E.以上皆非。,第二部分 判断题（10分）,1.An import quota always raises the domestic price of the imported good.2.In the case of import quota,the profits received by the holders of import licenses are known as license rents.

26、3.The difference between a quota and a tariff is that with a quota the government receives no revenue.4.VERs are imposed at the request of the exporter and are agreed to by the importer to forestall other trade restrictions.5.A country has an absolute advantage in a production of a good if it has a

27、lower unit labor requirement than the foreign country in this good.,第二部分 判断题,1、进口配额总是引起了国内对进口商品的价格2、在进口配额的情况下，通过进口许可证的持有人已获得的利润被称为许可证租金。3、之间的配额和关税不同的是，配额的政府并没有得到收入。4、自愿出口限制所限，在出口的要求，并同意由进口商为了防止其他贸易限制。5、一个国家在一个良好的生产方面具有绝对优势，如果它有较低的单位比外国劳工在这个良好的要求。,第二部分 判断题：对或者错,6.If countries specialize according to

28、their comparative advantage,they all gain from this specialization and trade.7.In an one-factor world,Trade enlarges the consumption possibility for each of the two countries.8.Free trade is beneficial only if a country is strong enough to withstand foreign competition.9.Foreign competition is unfai

29、r and hurts other countries when it is based on low wages.10.Trade makes the workers worse off in countries with lower wages.,第二部分 判断题,6、如果各国专门根据自己的比较优势，他们都受益于这种专业化和贸易。7、在一个单因素的世界，扩大了贸易对两国各消费的可能性。8、自由贸易是有利的只有一个国家是否强大到足以抵御外来的竞争。9、外国竞争是不公平的伤害时，低工资的其他国家。10、贸易使工人差的国家以较低的工资。,第三部分 名词解释（20分）,parative advan

30、tage refers to the ability of a person or a country to produce a particular good or service at a lower marginal cost and opportunity cost than another person or country.2.Opportunity cost is the value of the next best alternative forgone as the result of making a decision or pursue a certain action.

31、3.Ricardian Model is the theory considered that the international labor productivity difference is the sole determinant of international trade.4.production possibility frontier is a graph that shows the different rates of production of two goods that an individual or group can efficiently produce wi

32、th limited productive resources.5.specific factor is a factor usually used in a particular department,but not suitable for the needs of other departments.,第三部分 名词解释,1.相对优势是指一个人或一个国家能够生产某商品或服务以较低的边际成本和机会成本比其他人或国家。2.机会成本是作为作出决定或采取某种行动而退而求其次，放弃价值。3.李嘉图模型是理论认为，国际劳动生产率的差异是国际贸易的唯一决定因素。4.生产可能性边界是一个图表，显示了两种

33、商品生产不同的利率，个人或团体可以有效地生产出有限的生产资源。5.具体的因素通常是在一个特定部门使用的一个因素，但并不为其他部门的需要合适的。,第三部分 名词解释,6.Dumping:A pricing practice in which a firm charges a lower price for an exported good than it does for the same good sold domestically.7.Marginal revenue:The extra revenue the firm gains from selling an additional un

34、it.8.mobile factor is the factor that can move between sectors.9.Heckscher-Ohlin theorem:Countries will export those goods that make intensive use of locally abundant factors of production and import goods that make intensive use of locally scarce factors of production.10.Factor intensive refers to

35、a certain factor was required for a large expenditure in comparison to other factor.,第三部分 名词解释,6、反倾销：一个定价的做法，即坚定费良好的出口比它以更低的价格在国内销售的相同。7、边际收益：额外的收入，出售一个单位公司的收益。8、移动的因素是可以移动的因素，各部门之间9、赫克歇尔俄林定理：国家将出口的货物，使生产和进口货物在本地丰富的因素，大量使用，使当地的生产要素集约利用有限的。10、要素密集是指某一个因素是，相较于其他因素，需要大量的开支。,第三部分 名词解释,11.Factor abundanc

36、e means a country owned by the relative proportions of the two factors of production.12.Optimum tariff is a tariff which maximizes a countrys welfare,trading off improvement in the terms of trade against restriction of trade quantities.13.Tariff is a tax levied by the customs with the authorization

37、of the government on the goods and items which access to the customs territory.14.Dual economy is an economy comprising two very different systems,and found in many developing countries where an advanced economy co-exists with a traditional economy and the two have very little contact with each othe

38、r.15.local content requirement is a regulation that requires that some specified fraction of a final good be produced domestically.,第三部分 名词解释,11要素充裕是指生产的两个因素的相对比例拥有多的国家。12.优化关税是关税的最大化一个国家的福利，贸易兴起对贸易的数量限制贸易条件的改善。13.关税是税与政府的货物和物品，海关征收授权的访问关税领土。14。双经济是由两个完全不同的系统，在许多发展中国家，又发现一个先进的经济合作存在着传统的经济和两个方面都与对方接触

39、。15。当地含量的要求是一项条例，规定某些特定部分的最终产品在国内生产。,第三部分 名词解释,16.External economies of scale occurs when the cost per unit depends on the size of the industry but not necessarily on the size of any one firm.17.internal economies of scale occurs when the cost per unit depends on the size of an individual firm but n

40、ot necessarily on that of the industry.18.Intra-industry trade is the international trade that involve the exchange of differentiated products of the same industry or broad product group.19.Dumping is a pricing practice in which a firm charges a lower price for exported goods than it does for the sa

41、me goods sold domestically.20.Intertemporal trade refers to trade of goods today for goods in the future.,第三部分 名词解释,16。外部规模经济发生时，单位成本取决于产业规模，但没有任何一个企业规模不一定。17。内部规模经济发生时，单位成本取决于一个人的公司规模，但没有对行业的必然。18。产业内贸易是国际贸易涉及到同行业或广泛的产品差异化的产品组交流。19。倾销是一个定价的做法，即一家公司收取了较低的价格出口货物比同类产品不内销。20。跨期贸易是指货物贸易货物现在以及未来。,第四部分 简答

42、题(20分),1.There are seven themes which arise throughout the book,what are they?(1)the gains from trade;(2)the pattern of trade;(3)protectionism;(4)the balance of payments;(5)exchange rate determination;(6)international policy coordination;(7)the international capital market.2.According to the Stolper

43、-Samuelson Theorem,if the relative price of a good increases,holding factor supplies constant,then the nominal and real return(in terms of both goods)to the factor used intensively in the production of that good increases,while the nominal and real return(in terms of both goods)to the other factor d

44、ecreases.The reverse is also true.,第四部分 简答题(20分),1。有7个主题，贯穿本书的出现，它们是什么？（1）从贸易的成果;（2）贸易模式;（3）保护主义;（4）收支差额;（5）汇率决定;（6）国际政策协调;（7）在国际资本市场。2。根据斯托尔帕一萨缪尔森定理，如果一个好的相对价格上升，供应持有因素不变，那么名义和实际回报率（无论是货物方面），以用于增加生产的良好深入的因素，而名义和实际收益（无论是货物计算）下降的其他因素。反过来也是如此。,第四部分 简答题,3.Why is the H.O.model called the factor-proporti

45、on theory?Explain.The H.O.model explores the nature and the limitations of assuming that the sole determinant of comparative advantage is inter-country differences in relative factor proportions.Countries will export those goods that make intensive use of locally abundant factors of production and i

46、mport goods that make intensive use of locally scarce factors of production.4.What is Rybczynski Theorem?Rybczynski Theorem shows that if a factor of production increases,then the supply of the good that uses this factor intensively increases and the supply of the other good decreases for any given

47、commodity prices.The reverse is also true.5.What are the Differences between the specific factors model and the Heckscher-Ohlin model in terms of income distribution effects?The specificity of factors to particular industries is often only a temporary problem.In contrast,effects of trade on the dist

48、ribution of income among land,labor,and capital are more or less permanent.,第四部分 简答题(20分),3.为什么赫克歇尔俄林.模型称为因素的比重理论？解释。在赫克歇尔俄林模式探索的性质和假设的局限性比较优势的唯一决定因素是跨相对要素比例的国家差异。国家将出口的货物，使生产和进口货物在本地丰富的因素，大量使用，使当地的生产要素集约利用有限的。4。布津斯基定理是什么？布津斯基定理表明，如果一种生产要素的增加，那么，供应良好，使用这个因素深入的增加和对商品价格的任何其他良好跌幅供应。反过来也是如此。5。什么是收入分配的影响

49、方面的具体因素之间的模型和赫克歇尔俄林模式的差异？特异性的因素特定行业往往只是暂时性的问题。相反，对贸易影响收入中土地，劳动力分配，资本或多或少永久化。,第四部分 简答题,6.Please briefly explain The theory of the second best.The theory of the second best states that a hands-off policy is desirable in any one market only if all other markets are working properly.If one market fails

50、to work properly,a government intervention may actually increase welfare.7.Please briefly explain the Infant Industry Argument.The Infant Industry Argument states that developing countries have a potential comparative advantage in manufacturing and they can realize that potential through an initial