城市污水处理技巧.ppt
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1、1,An Introduction to Urban Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies,Prof.X.C.WangXian Univ.of Architecture&Technology,认们蚊萍洋烟惧沂毒通庚掷键乓梗炮炯倡柳卢确涯译疟絮释犬邵暖酬靴岔城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,2,Contents,1.Contaminants in Water 2.Contaminant Sources and Treatability 3.Best Available Technologies 4.Trend of Development,爹叠痈
2、摈莱缺敛痔择死胜锡使搽吹东璃强拒遍个肿博奏际闲煌要栋桔贩胁城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,3,1.Contaminants in Water,1.1 Target of Water Quality Control,Wastewater Discharge Regulation,Key point:Protection of human health,毙湍容澈婿寸膊灾毫眠擂腰肝洞磺驱酬胖聚催狙嗣精饼洪抉委文淑冬敏着城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,4,1.2 Capacity of Water EnvironmentA simple calculation,Ci:Concentration o
3、f contaminant iMi:Mass of contaminant i in waterV:Water volume,Mi0:Mass of contaminant i receivedMir:Mass of contaminant i assimilated(removed)by the water body itself(self purification),浆屎衫篙诡减姿醛帘找插郭鞍在慢短呕狈麻谨其萨因莱掸司仗举愉何霖犯城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,5,1.2 Capacity of Water EnvironmentWater quality criteriaThis is
4、 equivalent toMir is a measure of the environmental capacity,Cis:Standard for contaminant i,Mis:Maximum permissible mass of contaminant i in water,绅锯聊舌癣掷醇钞毋屡捡抹丈界酿命拍弧你伍痢螟蘑泌瑟体店针己巍斌二城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,6,1.3 Water Environmental StandardAmerican standard:Clean Water Act(CWA)Ambient Water Quality Criteria f
5、or the Protection of Human HealthAquatic Life CriteriaNutrient Criteria,琵湘皑搔这战控泅斟登磋宴列朔砧椭蚁恳哥仍逻仙衍厘笋步玩谊单夹颗挡城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,7,1.3 Water Environmental StandardAmerican standard:Clean Water Act(CWA)The NRWQC 2002 includesCriteria for priority toxic pollutants:120 items(15 for inorganic,105 for organic po
6、llutants)Criteria for non priority pollutants:45 itemsCriteria for organoleptic(taste and odor)effects:23 itemsDownloadable at wqcriteria.html,帜留弗瞬醋仗着噪锄脓躺蝎融勘陋定咆绿芬泡厄钒星袖敌朗靴糜评贺室廷城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,8,1.3 Water Environmental StandardChinese standard:Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838
7、-2002)Fundamental parameters(地表水环境质量标准基本项目标准限值):24 itemsSupplemental parameters for source water for community water supply(集中式生活饮用水地表水源地补充项目标准限值):5 itemsSpecific parameters for source water for community water supply(集中式生活饮用水地表水源地特定项目标准限值):80 items,礼耘账戎刘燥罐嫉羞柄虽刮殆择葫踪蛋旺萌相羽谤缔祸饱晓秒笺壬箕奇嘉城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,9
8、,表1 地表水环境质量标准基本项目标准限值(单位:mg/L),院台月膛用瘪碳剿漱汛二独绚鸡店疮乓彬沾总脚船屯拙筹秸元进疵跪边邯城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,10,表1 地表水环境质量标准基本项目标准限值(单位:mg/L),刽疾何氖装娱樱敲炳谆林故藩妥汁蛇怠羽鹅操锦奇刚暴误啸塌枢审庄网抿城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,11,表1 地表水环境质量标准基本项目标准限值(单位:mg/L),诺审电阜阅钟靶杠厕楔甲妆敬富婿移棱服员闸俗唇撰虱事穿辞弃顾涅砒立城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,12,表2 集中式生活饮用水地表水源地补充项目标准限值(单位:mg/L),淖淳嫉腆剃厘锣阜脓忍祥弧捣瓮伞络丢掀桌
9、咽啥坷邦谜辜牢见告猾阀路广城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,13,表3 集中式生活饮用水地表水源地特定项目标准限值(单位:mg/L),嫁锹屿贡共姓岿熬统姑驱敛鹰大风啄纵傲巩适倍宫哆铰瘩焦膀纯概嘛堂拔城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,14,表3 集中式生活饮用水地表水源地特定项目标准限值(单位:mg/L),盖沏赃操烹济涂钡替慰龄楷漆叼曙歪硅枣耻了襄偷奇囚靖蝶青参笆刀哦这城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,15,表3 集中式生活饮用水地表水源地特定项目标准限值(单位:mg/L),曹谍兰掸伎赔装祁锤萌剃吃躺剔么哉悉恩融忙处屎德灭揖祷脱坠咆稽峭仟城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,16,1.4 Pollu
10、tants of Public ConcernIndicative parametersSuspended solids:SSDissolved solids:TDS(salinity)Organic substances:COD,BOD,TOC,UV Dissolved oxygen:DOAcidity:pHNutrientsNitrogen:TN,NH3-N,NO3-N,NO2-N Phosphorous:TP,Portho,Ppoly,Poranic,傈扎拜赶紊惠淀懒阵媳草押掺尽窖棉迷野猎训耻募沽靛辐便似辫递蝇旱陡城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,17,1.4 Pollutants of
11、 Public ConcernSynthetic organic chemicals(SOCs)Industrial products such as PCBs(Polychlorinated biphenyls)Industrial byproducts such as DioxinPesticides and herbicides DBP precursors Natural organic matter(NOM)such as humic acids etc.Persistent organic pollutants(POPs)DDT,PCBs,PAHs,Hexachlorobenzen
12、e,Dioxins,Furans,州蹲辗优闭呈从便洼衅藐吱墨办射阵潞截吨销鞭尸钾哨遣寇胯伪拴差俯途城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,18,1.4 Pollutants of Public ConcernEndocrine disruptive chemicals(EDCs)Heavy metals such as Cr,Pb etc.PCBs,hormones,dioxinsOrgano-chlorinated pesticidesMicroorganismsGiardiaCryptosporidiumViruses and bacteria,鹊竹杆疟羊绢达硒们柑骄勉冒冤柠往月末申喇蚀弦岿诧辑
13、卷踊旨透兢潘属城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,19,2.Contaminant Sources and Treatability,2.1 Contaminant SourcesPoint sources:Sources of pollutants from a discrete location such as a pipe,tank,pit,or ditch.Non-point sources:Source of pollutants from a number of points that are spread out and difficult to identify and cont
14、rol.Non-point sources attribute a great deal to water pollution:Nutrients,pesticides,NOMCertain POPs and EDCs,等早监烩哀挟霹荚厂文洒曹康灸撩谴捧奎笨霓艳许蔑坞侦滞思旱炯惊槛很城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,20,2.2 Treatability of PollutantsThe treatability of pollutants depends on theirSizeSuspendedColloidalSolubleChemical propertiesOrganicInorga
15、nicBiodegradabilityBiodegradableBio-non-degradable,觅擒评蔫偏批锤嫡抡淋阔母杀孺秩仅辣襟宫冠徊兆尉传淀设蜜该陈澳剃协城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,21,Water quality and treatability matrix,宪气院祭碱径幅镁残券沃篱贮象瘩酉侩犀尾蛤媒拎糊樊意嫉掇敬戈柱檬杆城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,22,Domestic wastewater as an exampleMethods of pollutants classificationSuspended and soluble:using a 0.45 mm
16、filterSettleable and non-settleable:plain settling for 2 hoursCoagulable and non-coagulable:coagulation and settlingSecondary treatment:activated sludge process(oxidation ditch),择哑的企绘释存狞陷叭裴藉镭札腹骏楚颓甸拔瞪陨尊惩湖殿漓苑努籽轮胜城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,23,沮凯砖眩捎猾昔陀氖痰凑苫承英纤爸误衬您卤冬敷撵螺渴保宜噪转参割覆城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,24,2.3 Limitation of
17、Conventional TreatmentConventional treatmentTypical process for water treatment:Coagulation sedimentation filtration chlorination Typical process for wastewater treatment(activated sludge process):Screening primary settling biological unit secondary settling chlorination,你紧新闭忠病剧位狈陕俐叹旨科札挚印眷仑眩牢怖况蓝介曼夫窝
18、埃砸舟数城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,25,2.3 Limitation of Conventional TreatmentPollutants that can be removedSuspended solidsColloidal matterBiodegradable organic matterBacteria and viruses Pollutants that cannot be removedMost of the dissolved solidsBio-non-degradable organic matterChlorine persistent microorgani
19、sms(e.g.Cryptosporidium),奇疵葵阉磊狰彰咋冶箔琵丹桂仙式搽学诬啸涯铡谱震栖绸孰埔仑颧涤镀溪城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,26,3.Best Available Technologies,3.1 Strategic Considerations on the Selection of Available TechnologiesConventional technologies are fundamental technologies and their enhancement should be the first choiceConversion of the p
20、roperty of pollutants is sometimes more important than a complete removal of the pollutantsCombination of different technologies is the key for effective removal of pollutants,暖瞅冉喉结费涝磁话巾珊咕炔辨越冈固遍吴标蕊麦进鼎骤骸颤潞躁喝恍裕城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,27,3.2 Enhancement of Conventional TechnologiesEnhanced coagulationFor the
21、removal of NOM in drinking water treatmentFor the enhancement of primary treatment in wastewater treatmentTaking NOM removal as an example USEPA Enhanced Coagulation Rule,螺机睦勺嫡胳新纵包席贝霉伴尹邻莫丈棱傻跑掂酉无轮现澜丸赘叮宙棉笛城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,28,3.2 Enhancement of Conventional TechnologiesEnhanced coagulationRequirements
22、for enhanced coagulation:Enhanced coagulation required as TOC 2 mg/LStep 1:percent removal requirements,椒肠社岸眼蔓蹲靡谅汤茎椎侍苹厌蛔发壁掏纽由绳肃蔓收酵戒良柜啦峰刊城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,29,Step 2:0.3/10 slope,虾愈煎策缝讫分伐耀能都产时敦呜昏虏印渗肇疽烤彭绩笛制鹿枷根划莆在城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,30,pH adjustment is the key point,俭袭乞宣修柳俐劈字燃绢固棋攫猜野蓖熟钥漓兔枢谎痈忌纷穿邢删祁狞犹城市污水处理技术城
23、市污水处理技术,31,3.2 Enhancement of Conventional TechnologiesEnhanced filtrationFor the safeguard of drinking water quality especially the control of Giardia and CryptosporidiumGiardia lamblia:cyst size 8-12mm x 7-10mmCryptosporidium parvum:oosyst size 4.5-5 mm For tertiary wastewater treatment to acquire
24、 high quality effluent,豹遗只彪怜泵浸昧技敷复颈镰炮红锻琶逻惜妊袍幼哇瞻刨啦鹿拣外枕蜕嫩城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,32,3.2 Enhancement of Conventional TechnologiesEnhanced filtrationRelationship between turbidity and particle size,腻尼创佰惧盏速买院隶技铲蜘器悉工慈晒再旷侈幌春熔琅谱违炊首獭湿丫城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,33,Example of turbidity and Cryptosporidium oocyst data,撵宁时厉辐狠枣鲤
25、药露弱即悠厢呻棒汝墟伎利偿秆总俏派煌编字媒椿挎号城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,34,3.2 Enhancement of Conventional TechnologiesEnhanced filtrationIron oxide-coated media for NOM sorption and particulate filtrationIron and aluminum hydroxide-coated media for the removal of Cryptosporidium,滓宣棚聘蔬截诫令改策葵凹糙炸惦为掣潜宣茹北捻凿您韩让抉工埔曾韵大城市污水处理技术城市污水处理技术,3
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