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1、2023/11/3,1,法律英语常用句型的翻译,ANY PERSON WHO DOES SHALL的翻译,2023/11/3,2,ANY PERSON WHO DOES SHALL,在各国法律中，尤其是各国的刑法中，any person who does shall be guilty of an offence这种句式重复率相当高，因为法律的主要功能是界定何种行为属于违法、犯罪行为以及应受到怎样的处罚，而这个句型是其中一个最简明、直接的表达方式。在句法上，这个句型通常会把主语和谓语用逗号分开，中间加插一个定语修饰词。以下是典型的例句及其若干变化形式：,2023/11/3,3,ANY PERS
2、ON WHO DOES SHALL,Ex 1:Any person who,without lawful authority or reasonable excuse,while having dealings of any kind with any other public body,offers any advantage to any public servant employed by that public body,shall be guilty of an offence.(Laws of Hong Kong,Cap.201,Prevention of Bribery Ordi
3、nance,Art.81),2023/11/3,4,ANY PERSON WHO DOES SHALL,与其他公共机构进行任何交往时，没有合法授权、没有合理理由，即向受雇于该公共机构的公务员提供任何利益的，属于犯罪。,2023/11/3,5,ANY PERSON WHO DOES SHALL,Ex 2:Any person convicted of an offence under this Ordinance shall,by reason of such conviction,be disqualified for a period of 10 years from the date of
4、 such conviction from(ibid.Art.33),2023/11/3,6,ANY PERSON WHO DOES SHALL,判处本法令之罪名的，由于此判决，自判决之日起10年内丧失以下资格。,2023/11/3,7,ANY PERSON WHO DOES SHALL,Ex 3:Any person in respect of whom an order under subsection(1)has been made who contravenes the order commits an offense and is liable to a fine of$50,000
5、 and to imprisonment for 12 months.(ibid.Art.33A5),2023/11/3,8,ANY PERSON WHO DOES SHALL,违反依据第1款做出的裁定的，即构成犯罪，可处罚金$50,000，并处12个月监禁。,2023/11/3,9,ANY PERSON WHO DOES SHALL,该句型标准的谓语动词是shall+do，但也可使用与第三人称配合的动词现在式，如在例3中用commits an offence或is liable to a fine of这种句型还有若干种变化，如主语改为every person或a person。但汉语中的译
6、文不变，可一概译为“任何人”。例如：,2023/11/3,10,ANY PERSON WHO DOES SHALL,Ex 4:A person who willfully makes any false statement in answer to a notice under subsection(1)shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable to a fine of$20,000 and to imprisonment for 1 year.(Laws of Hong Kong,Cap.201,Prevention of Bribe
7、ry Ordinance,Art.145),2023/11/3,11,ANY PERSON WHO DOES SHALL,答复依据第（1）款发出的通知时，故意做虚假陈述的，即属于犯罪，判处$20,000罚金，并处一年监禁。,2023/11/3,12,ANY PERSON WHO DOES SHALL,Ex 5:A person shall not,by reason only of his being an executor of a will,be incompetent to be admitted a witness to prove the execution of such will
8、,or a witness to prove the validity or invalidity thereof.(Laws of Hong Kong,Cap.30,Wills Ordinance,Art.12),2023/11/3,13,ANY PERSON WHO DOES SHALL,任何人，不因其为遗嘱执行人，而被认定为无权证明遗嘱的订立，或无权证明遗嘱的有效性。,2023/11/3,14,ANY PERSON WHO DOES SHALL,Ex 6:At the hearing of a complaint or information,a party may be represe
9、nted by counsel;and an absent party so represented shall be deemed not to be absent.(Laws of Hong Kong,Cap.227,Magistrates Ordinance,Art.18),2023/11/3,15,ANY PERSON WHO DOES SHALL,在诉讼或告发案审理中，任何一方可由律师代理；本人未出庭但由律师代理的一方不应认为缺席。,2023/11/3,16,ANY PERSON WHO DOES SHALL,如上所示：该句式，无论是以any person/party开头，还是以ev
10、ery person/party,a person/a party开头，都可译成“任何人/任何一方”、“的”。在香港中文版刑事条例中，最典型的翻译句式（因为香港的绝大部分法律条文是先有英文再有中文的）是“任何人做某事，即属犯罪”，而不管这两句中间加插多少其他条件。最典型的句子是“any person who does,shall be guilty of an offence/commit an offence.”而在大陆，把相同概念翻译成英文时，其表述稍有不同。较典型的句式如中华人民共和国刑法的英译版所示：,2023/11/3,17,ANY PERSON WHO DOES SHALL,例7.
11、第一百一十五条 放火、决水、爆炸、投毒或者以其他危险方法致人重伤、死亡或者使公私财产遭受重大损失的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。过失犯前款罪的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑；情节较轻的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。,2023/11/3,18,ANY PERSON WHO DOES SHALL,Ex 7:Article 115.Whoever sets fire,breaches dikes,causes explosions,and spreads poison,employs other dangerous means that lead to serious injuries or
12、 death,or causes public or private property major losses is to be sentenced to not less than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment,life imprisonment,or death.,2023/11/3,19,Any person who doesshall,Whoever commits the crimes in the preceding paragraph negligently is to be sentenced to not less than three years to not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment;or not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment,or criminal detention,when circumstances are relatively minor.,
