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1、The Sad Young Men,Rod W.Horton and Herbert W.Edwards,Lesson 5,Teaching Plan,Teaching Objectives,To enable the students to gain some basic knowledge of the American literature and history about“the lost generation”.To enable the students to know the writing style of a literary commentary.,Teaching Fo
2、cus,Background information about Hemingway and FitzgeraldCommon features of the lost generation The literary theory of writing a literary commentary,Teaching Methods,Teacher-oriented teaching methodStudent-oriented teaching methodThe elicited method,Teaching Procedure,.Introductory Remarks.Backgroun
3、d Information.Learning Focus.Key words and Expressions.Explanation of the Text,.Division of the Text.The Writing Style.Rhetorical Devices.Exercises,Introductory Remarks,.Introductory Remarks,describing a special group of people,who were shocked and uprooted uproot for a time but never“lost”the Revol
4、t of the Younger Generation:the most interesting aspect in the Twenties in the 20th century,a logical outcome of conditions at that time:the aftermath of WWII and rising of AmericaIt started with WWI,which whipped up the energies of the youth and created an enlistment craze.,after having a good tast
5、e of the war,they returned home only to find that:they could adjust themselves no more to their hometownthey rebelled in the form of completely overthrowing the Victorian gentility,which in itself was obsolescent in a society highly industrialized.,young intellectuals flocked to live in Greenwich Vi
6、llage,a place well known for Bohemianism and eccentricitynon-intellectuals began to imitate their manners,which was also a way for the youth to escape their social responsibilities,many young intellectuals went to live in Europe as expatriates,due to their imitation and Americas materialismalmost al
7、l of them returned within a few years out of homesickness,tempered by their life of expatriation,they produced the liveliest,freshest and most stimulating works in Americas literary history,Detailed Study of the Text,.Background Information,The Sad Young Men and the Lost Generationthe former:the tit
8、le of F.Fitzgeralds novel All the Sad Young Men the latter:a remark made by Gertrude Stein who once said to Ernest Hemingway,“Oh,you are all of you a lost generation”.,They were both applied to disillusioned young intellectuals,who were cut off from the old values and yet unable to come to terms wit
9、h the new era after the WWI.So they rebelled against social conventions by a like of despair or cynical hedonism.,Beat Generationgroup of American writers of the 1950s whose writing expressed profound dissatisfaction with contemporary American society and endorsed an alternative set of valuesThe ter
10、m sometimes is used to refer to those who embraced the ideas of these writers.,Prohibition the forbidding by law of the manufacture,transportation,and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes;specifically in the U.S.,the period(19201933)of prohibition by Federal law,The term Beat Generation w
11、as first used by Kerouac in the late 1940s.despair over the beaten state of the individual in mass society and belief in the beatitude,or blessedness,of the natural world and in the restorative powers of the beat of jazz music and poetry,.Learning Focus,Common features of the lost generationThe reas
12、ons of the emergence and prosperity of the lost generationThe information and the works of the writers with the lost generation,.Key words and Expressions,nostalgic(adj.):looking for something far away or long ago or for former happy circumstanceillicit(adj.):not allowed by law，custom，rule，etc：unlaw
13、ful；prohibited,thrill(n.):tremor of excitementspeakeasy(n.):slang a place where alcoholic drinks are sold illegally，esp.such a place in the USduring Prohibition,denunciation(n.):the act of denouncingamour(n.):a love affair，esp.of an illicit or secret naturesedan(n.):an enclosed automobile with two o
14、r four doorsand two wide seatsfront and rear,naughty(adj.):improper，obscenejazzy(adj.):(a party)playing jazz musicflask-toting(adj.):always carrying a small flask filled with whisky or other strong liquor,sheik(n.):(Americanism)a masterful man to whom women are supposed to be irresistibly attractedv
15、agary(n.):an odd，eccentric，or unexpected action or bit of conduct,flapper(n.):colloq(in the 1920s)a young woman considered bold and unconventional in actions and dressperspective(n.):a specific point of view in understanding or judging things or events，esp.one that shows them in their true relations
16、 to one another,jazzmad(adj.):blindly and foolishly fond of jazz musicaftermath(n.):a result or consequence，esp.an unpleasant oneprovincial(adj.):narrow，limited like that of rural provinces,gentility(n.):he quality of being genteel；now，specifically，excessive or affected refinement and eleganceaggres
17、siveness(n.):bold and energetic pursuit of ones end，enterprise,bustle(v.):hurry busily or with much fuss and bothermedium(n.):environmentcatalytic(adj.):acting as the stimulus in bringing about or hastening a result,precipitate(v.):throw headlong；cause to happen before expected，needed；bring onobsole
18、scent(adj.):in the process of becoming obsolete,mores(n.):customs，esp.the fixed or traditional customs of a society，often acquiring the force of lawsophistication(n.):the state of being artificial，worldlywise，urbane，etc,faddishness(n.):the following of fadshectic(adj.):characterized by excitement，ru
19、sh，confusion，etcgaiety(n.):cheerfulness；the state of being gay,orgy(n.):any wild riotous licentious merry-making；debaucheryspree(n.):a lively，noisy frolicreveler(n.):a person who makes merry or is noisily festive,sober(v.):make or become serious，solemnprolong(v.):lengthen or extend in time or space,
20、stalemate(n.):any unresolved situation in which further action is impossible or useless；deadlockinsolence(n.):being boldly disrespectful in speech-or behavior；impudence,belligerent(adj.):at war；of waradventurousness(n.):being fond of adventure；willingness to take chancesstrenuous(adj.):vigorous，ardu
21、ous,zealous，etc,perversion(n.):a perverting or being perverted；corruptionjingoism(n.):chauvinism characterized by an aggressive。threatening，warlike foreign policy,fracas(n.):a noisy fight 0r loud quarrel；brawlinfantry(n.):foot soldiers collectively；esp.that branch of an army consisting of soldiers t
22、rained and equipped to fight chiefly on foot,harass(v.):trouble，worryor torment，as with cares,debts,repeated questions,etc.,sergeant(n.):noncommissioned officer of the fifth grade.ranking above a corporal and below a staff sergeant in the U.S.Army and Marine Corps;generally,any of the noncommissione
23、d officers in the U.S.armed forces with sergeant as part of the title of their rank,draft(n.):the choosing or taking of an individual or individuals from a group for some special purpose，esp.for compulsory military servicecarnival(n.):a reveling or time of revelry；festivity；merrymaking,contingent(n.
24、):a share,proportion，or quota，as of troopsships。laborers，delegates,etcbombast(n.):talk or writing that sounds grand or important but has little meaning；pompous language,recession(n.):a temporary falling off()f business activity during a period when such activity has been generally increasingwhip up:
25、rouse，excite,outmoded(adj.):no longer in fashion or accepted；obsoletesodden(adj.):dull or stupefied，as from overindulgence in liquor,dubious(adj.):rousing suspicion；feeling doubt；skepticalflout(n.):be scornful；show contempt；jeer；scoffconflagration(n.):a big,destructive fire,fast(adj.):living in a re
26、ckless,wild,dissipated waypulpit(n.):preachers collectivelyvulgar(adj.):common to the great mass of people in general：common；popular,avid(adj.):having an intense desire or craving；greedysusceptible(adj.):easily affected emotionally；having a sensitive nature of feelings,diatribe(n.):a bitter，abusive
27、criticism or denunciationgrandiose(adj.):having grandeur or magnificence imposing;impressiveally(v.):come bark to normal strength；revive,burden(n.):central idea；themeadjunct(n.):a thing added to something else;a person connected with another as a helper or subordinate associate,incompetent(n.):a per
28、son who is completely incapableexpatriate(v.):withdraw(oneself)from ones native land or from allegiance to itdenominator(n.):a shared characteristic,iconoclastic(adj.):opposing to the religious use of images or advocating the destruction of such imagessterile(adj.):barren；unfruitfulflay(v.):criticiz
29、e or scold mercilessly,.Explanation of the Text,What is the function of the first paragraph?How do these writers develop it?The first para is an introductory one,beginning by mentioning the interest in the Twenties by young people today.In addition,these writers discuss the questions that present-da
30、y students are asking their parents and teachers:Was there really a Younger Generation problem?Were young people really so wild?,sensationally romanticized:was treated in a passionate,idealized manner to shock thrill and rouse the interest of people No aspect of lifemore commentedthan:After WWI,duri
31、ng the 1920s,every aspect of life in the U.S.has been commented upon,but the so-called Revolt of the Younger Generation has been more commented upon than all the other aspect.,The slightest mentionby the young:At the very mention of this post-war period,middle-aged people begin to think about it lon
32、gingly and young people become curious and start asking all kinds of questions.,What is been talked about in noun phrase“memories ofcountry road”?And the following noun phrase“questions aboutdrugstore cowboy”?The long noun phrases are the nostalgic recollections of the middle-aged,the following noun
33、 phrase are some of the questions asked by curious young people.,Why do they think the answers to such questions must necessarily be both“yes”and“no”?People cannot give a simply“yes”or“no”answer to such questions,“yes”Problem:In the process of growing up,during the period when children grow up to be
34、come adults,there always exists a Younger Generation Problem.In this sense the answer must be“yes”.,“no”jazzmad youth:when we look back now to those days and view things in their true relations to one another,we see that the social behavior of the young people was not very wild,irresponsible,and imm
35、oral.Their behaviour was far from being as sensational as the degeneration of jazzmad youth.Therefore,on this sense,the answer must be“no”.,the rebellion was no confinedcentury:the revolt of the young did not take place only in the U.S.,but affected all the countries in the Western world.Their revol
36、t was the result or consequence of WWIthe biggest and most serious war in a hundred years.,We had reachedbordering oceans:metaphor:provincial morality-artificial wallsWe have become a world power so we can no longer on our action just follow the principles of right and wrong as accepted in our own c
37、ountry,nor can we remain isolated geographically protected by the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.In other words,the U.S.can no longer pursue a policy of isolationism.,The rejectioninevitable:In any case,America could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.,Thust
38、o date:Thus in a world where everything was changing,our young people had to take up the demanding task of reforming our traditional social customs in order to keep up with this changing world.,Thusto date:Thus in a world where everything was changing,our young people had to take up the demanding ta
39、sk of reforming our traditional social customs in order to keep up with this changing world.,magnolia-scented:it may have the literal meaning of having the scent of the magnolia.The soap opera was put up by companies selling magnolia-scented soap.It may also mean“very sweet and cloying”because the m
40、agnolia flower has a very sweet scent.Finally,it may also mean“of,relating to,or resembling the South of pre-civil war days.”,Furthermoreand exciting:Furthermore,many speakers at high school meetings told the boys that hard life of the war would help to form their character.These speakers convinced
41、more than enough these boys,who were sensible in many other respects,that fighting in the European war would be of great value to them personally,in addition to being idealistic and exciting.,To themyears earlier:These young men felt very bitter when they returned to their home town which was almost
42、 unaffected by the war.The native people here were still taking pompously and patriotically as the young men themselves had done a few years ago.The young men who had seen considerable action were now disillusioned and hardened people.,The returning veteranprofiteers:The returning veteran soldiers a
43、lso had to face the stupid cynicism of the victorious allies in Versailles who acted as cynically as Napoleon did.They had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.And they also had to face the self-satisfied patriotic air of the war profiteers.,Befo
44、re longirresistible:metonymy,pulpit representing the church.Before long this movement was officially accepted as a fact by the church,by the movies and magazines,and by the advertising agencies,but they showed their recognition in different ways.,The church denounced it from the pulpit.The movies an
45、d magazines pretended to denounce it but in reality succeeded in making it more attractive by depicting it as sth.naughty.The advertising agencies encouraged it indirectly by playing up sex attraction in their advertisements selling from cigarettes to automobiles.,most if itsfollowed suit:most of th
46、e writers who contributed to the book Civilization in the U.S.did as they advised other people to do and left for Europe.Many more artistic people and those who hoped to become artistic people someday followed their example.,In no senseof the times:The“lost generation”was in no ways a literary movem
47、ent.It was only a name given by Gertrude Stein to the American expatriates living in Paris.Yet the attitude of these expatriate writers influenced other writers and their attitude was also expressed in most of the writings of their time.,could never be writtenself-pity:no one could ignore this perio
48、d and consider it non-productive for this decade produced many famous writers such as Dos Passos,Hemingway,Eugene ONeill,F.Scott Fitzgerald,etc.Even in a moment of self-pity these writers themselves cannot but admit that their decade was a very productive one.,.Division of the Text,Part I(Para.1)int
49、roducing the subject:life in the Twenties by describing peoples reaction to it,Part II(Para.2-9)supporting and developing the thesis by providing and analyzing historical material concerning the Revolt of the Younger Generation of the Twenties,Part III(Para.10-11)bringing the whole discussion into a
50、 conclusion an states the thesis,Summary,.The Writing Style,a piece of expository writing explaining a certain era and a special writers group in America literary historycoming to the last sentence of the last paraclosely relating aspect of the thought stated in the thesis forming a coherent whole,T
