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1、,love is a fallcy,Note About The Author,Name:Max ShulmanBorn:Mar 14,1919 in St.Paul,MinnesotaDied:Aug 28,1988 in Los Angeles,CaliforniaOccupation:WriterActive:50sMajor Genres:Comedy,RomanceCareer Highlights:House Calls,Rally round the Flag,Boys!,The Tender TrapFirst Major Screen Credit:Half a Hero(1
2、953),Max Shulman(March 14,1919August 28,1988)is a 20th century American writer best known for his television and short story character Dobie Gillis,as well as for best-selling novels.His writing often focused on young people,particularly in a collegiate setting.Shulman works include the novels Rally
3、 Round the Flag,Boys!and Sleep Till Noon.He was also a co-writer,with Robert Paul Smith,of the long-running Broadway play,The Tender Trap,starring Robert Preston,which was later made into a successful movie.,However,he is probably best remembered for his creation of the character Dobie Gillis,who wa
4、s the subject of a series of short stories compiled under the title,The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis,which became the basis for a CBS television series of the same name,and had previously been the subject of a film,The Affairs of Dobie Gillis(1953).Shulman was also the writer of the series theme song.
5、The same year that the series began,1959,a novel continuing the adventures of Dobie and his friends,I Was a Teenage Dwarf,was published.(Its title was a takeoff on what is now seen as a schlock horror classic,I Was a Teenage Werewolf,starring Michael Landon.),Shulman was also a screenwriter.He was o
6、ne of the collaborators on a television documentary,Lights Diamond Jubilee,which was supposedly a celebration of the 75th anniversary of the invention of the light bulb by Thomas A.Edison,but which was in reality little more than a public relations piece for the electric industry,as its predecessor
7、film,Lights Golden Jubilee,had been 25 years before,After his success with the Gillis character,Shulman continued to write.His humor column,On Campus,was syndicated in over 350 collegiate newspapers at one point.A later novel,Anyone Got a Match?,satirized both the television and tobacco industries,a
8、s well as the South and college football.His last major successful project was his work on House Calls,which began as a 1978 movie based on one of his stories which starred Walter Matthau and Glenda Jackson,and later became a television series(19791981)starring Wayne Rogers and Lynn Redgrave in the
9、same roles,for which he was the lead writer.,A prolific writer of satirical humor,Max Shulman was born in St.Paul,Minnesota,USA,the son of a Russian immigrant house painter,and began his writing career for the college humor magazine at the University of Minnesota.His work there came to the notice of
10、 a Doubleday editor,who encouraged the student to turn his best work into a novel,Barefoot Boy With Cheek,which became a best-seller in 1943.After graduation,Shulman served in the US Army Air Corps,during which time he wrote two more novels,The Feather Merchants,a comic novel about military life,and
11、 The Zebra Derby,published after the war.After returning to civilian life,Shulman became a full-time writer,turning out a large quantity of novels,short stories,stage and screenplays and television scripts over the next four decades.,Mr.Shulman is survived by his wife,Mary;three sons,Daniel of Minne
12、apolis,Max of Manhattan,and Peter,of Van Nuys,Calif.;two daughters,Martha,of London,and Melody,of Manhattan;seven grandchildren,and a sister,Esther Feldman,of St.Paul.,Charles Lamb(1775-1834),English essayist and critic who is now best known for his Essays of Elia(1823,1833).He collaborated with his
13、 sister Mary in adapting Shakespeares plays into stories for children.Tales from ShakespeareSpecimens of English Dramatic Poets,Thomas Carlyle(1795-188),He produced Sartor Resartus 1833-34,the book in which he first developed his characteristic style and thought.This book is a veiled Sardonic(scornf
14、ul 挖苦的)attack upon the shams and pretences of society,upon hollow rank,hollow officialism,hollow custom,out of which life and usefulness have departed.Carlyle developed a peculiar style of his own which was called-Carlyese Carlylism,Ruskin:John Ruskin(1819-1900),British writer,art critic and social
15、theorist.He considered a great paintng to be one that conveys great ideas to the viewer.During the mid-19th century Ruskin was the virtual of artistic opinion in England,but he has been treated harshly by 20th century critics.His works include MODERN PAINTERS(1843-1860),THE SEVEN LAMPS OF ARCHITECTU
16、RE(1849),SESAME AND LILIES(1865),THE CROWN OF WILD OLIVE(1866),TIME AND TIDE(1867),and FORS CLAVIGERA(8 vols,1871-1884),Logical fallacy:逻辑谬论逻辑论证，即提出支持某些论题或结论的论据。论证有两个部分组成：论点所支持的结论，与引证结论的某些前提。而结论是经由前提所推导出来的。当前提为结论提供确凿证据时，论据的演绎推理便有效；反之则会成为谬论。成为谬误的方式有三种：a内容，即事实陈述错误；b措词，即术语使用错误；c结构（或形式），即推导过程错误。那么，逻辑谬误可
17、分为三类，即内容（material）谬误，措词（verbal）谬误以及形式（formal）谬误。,SUMMARY,It is about a law student who tries to marry the girl after suitable re-education,but hes been too clever for his own good.The narrator,Dobie Gillis,a freshman in a law school,is the protagonist,1.Dobie Gillis-a law school studentvery youngcle
18、verover-conceited-cool,logical,keen,calculating,perspicacious,acute,astute,powerful,precise,penetrating2.Petey Burch-pitiful,dump,roommate,faddist3.Polly Espy-beautiful,gracious,stupid,character,Relationship,want,Belongs to,Want a wife,Belongs to,Organizational Pattern,prefacepara 1-3 It is the auth
19、ors note.1.The authors idea about this story.2.The authors idea about the purpose of this story.,Organizational Pattern,Sect para.4-59the bargain between the law student and his roommate over the exchange of the girl,Love is a Fallacy(Para20-Para57),I had long covetedentirely cerebral reason.（P64par
20、a.20）,Covet kvit:v.觊觎,垂涎,贪图covet:to want sth very much,especially sth.that belongs to sb.elsee.g.He had long coveted the chance to work with a famous musician.Covet after wealth All covet,all lose.贪多损大。covetous kvits adj.贪婪的,贪心的,垂涎的 covetousness n.,She was,to be sure,a girl who excited the motion,bu
21、t I was not one to let my heart rule my head.I wanted Polly for a shrewdly calculated,entirely cerebral reason.(para.20)Surely,she was a girl who easily cited the motion.However,I was not the person to let my reason yield to emotion.Indeed,my decision of wanting Polly was rationally made through my
22、shrewd consideration.,shrewdly ru:dli adv.精明地,敏锐地,机灵地,His glance glittered shrewdly.他的目光机警地闪动着。Well,thats for you to say,he answered shrewdly.“哦,那就由你说了,他精明地回答。,cerebral seribrl adj.大脑的,理智的,relating to the brain;2)intellectual;relating to the mind rather than the feelings.He had a cerebral palsy.他得了脑
23、瘫。,to let my heart rule my head(55),metonymy:“heart”stands for“feelings and emotions”and“head”stands for“reason and good sense”.I do not let feelings or emotions to get the upper hand of reason or good sense.Im guided in my actions by reason and good sense and not by feelings and emotions.,I was a f
24、reshman in law school.In a few years I would be out in practice.(Para.21)practice:n.the exercise of a profession or occupationIn a few years I would be out of school and working as a lawyer.,I was a freshmanugly girl beautiful.(Para21-24),With one omission,Polly fitted these specifications perfectly
25、.(para21)Polly met all these requirements except one.specification spesifikein a detailed plan or set of descriptions or directions 规格；说明Have you get a product of this specification?不知贵方有没有这种规格的产品？Can you give me a price list with specification?你能否给我一份有规格说明的价目单吗？,Beautiful she was.She was not yet of
26、 pin-up proportions,but I felt sure that time would supply the lack.(para22)Though her figure was not as good as women on the pin-up,I was sure she would be better with sufficient time.Beautiful she was:Inversion to emphasize“beautiful”pin-up n.名人海报；挂在墙上的半裸美人像,She had an erectness of carriage,an eas
27、e of bearing,a poise that clearly indicated the best of breeding.(Para.23)carriage:n.(sing)the manner of carrying oneself,bearing the manner of holding ones head,limbs,and body when standing or walking;physical posture 仪态；体态Dancing can improve the carriage.舞蹈能增进体态美bearing:n.the way a person holds hi
28、s body or behaves;deportment 举止；姿势；风度an upright,proud bearing 气宇轩昂、自豪She has a very modest bearing.她举止淑静,“bearing”and“carriage”are synonymous.“Bearing”in comparison denotes manner of carrying or conducting oneself and refers to characteristic physical and mental posture.“Carriage”specifically stress
29、es the physical aspects of a person.,译文：她温文尔雅,婷婷玉立，落落大方，泰然自若，一眼就看得出她很有教养。,In fact,she veered in the opposite direction.But I believed that under my guidance she would smarten up.(Para.24)veer vi:v,n turn aside from a course or direction shift;turn or swing around v.改变方向；转向n.转向 e.g:The wind has veere
30、d round to the north recently.近日风向已转北了。The car went out of control and veered across the road.汽车失去了控制，突然转向冲向大路对面。,smarten up:to improve in appearance;cause to become neat or stylish We smarten the office up with a fresh coat of paint.我们新刷一层油漆使办公室焕然一新。Smarten yourself up before you go in to the inter
31、view.你去面试之前，把自己打扮得漂亮点。at any rate(强调事情的真实性)无论如何，不管怎样,In fact,she veered in the opposite direction.But I believed that under my guidance she would smarten up.(Para.24),Rhetorical devices:In fact,she veered in the opposite direction.(Euphemism).She was not intelligent,rather,she was stupid.(Antithesis
32、),It is,after all,easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.(Para.24)dumb:ad.(American colloquialism or slang)stupid,moronic(低能的);unintelligentAntithesis,“beautiful,dumb and smart”are balanced against“ugly,smart and beautiful”.,I mean are you going steady o
33、r anything like that?”(Para.27)go steady:(American colloquialism)to date someone of the opposite sex regularly and exclusively;be sweetheartsgo steady with sb.与某人谈恋爱 Youll never get Mark to go steady with you.He likes to play the field.你跟马克的关系永远也稳定不下来。他喜欢广交女朋友。,I nodded with satisfaction.“In other w
34、ords,if you were out of the picture,the field would be open.Is that right?”(Para.31)Metaphor.If youre no longer involved with her(if you stop dating her),others would be free to compete for her friendship or even love.,out of the picture:not considered as involved in a situation 忽视的,没考虑的,不相干的e.g.In
35、talking about this,you could hardly keep the housing problem out of the picture.谈到这一点,就不可能不谈及住房问题。The Es are the underclass and thus usually left out of the picture.e级的人属于最下层,一般就都被人们所忽略了。,“Holy Toledo!”said Petey reverently.He plunged his hands into the raccoon coat and then his face.“Holy Toledo!”h
36、e repeated fifteen or twenty times.(Para.39)reverent adj.(formal)showing great respect and admiration.恭敬的,虔诚的 I have never felt more reverent at a baptism.我从来没有觉得比现在更尊重洗礼。She said the word artist with a gentle,understanding,reverent smile.她说作家一词时面带高雅,理解和虔诚的微笑。revere rivi v.尊敬,敬畏,崇敬reverence revrns n
37、opposite:irreverent,clutching the greasy pelt to him(Para.41)pelt:n.the skin of a dead animal with or without the fur or hair on it 死动物的生皮，带毛的兽皮“Oh yes,I would like to have it.”he cried,as he tightly clutched the oily fur coat.Then a cautious look came into his eyes.He suddenly became alert and caut
38、ious.,mince v,mins para.42(P65)verb to cut food,especially meat,into very small pieces using a special machine V+adv./prep.(disapproving)to walk with quick short steps,in a way that is not natural:n.切碎物,粉碎,肉馅 She minced into the room wearing very high heels.她穿著很高的高跟鞋，扭扭捏捏地走进房间。He minced over to serv
39、e us.Mince the meat and the onion.把肉和洋葱剁碎吧。,He flung the coat from him.“Never,”he said stoutly.(Para.45)stoutly stautli adv.牢固地,粗壮地,坚决地,勇敢地The Chief of Police stoutly denied the accusation.警察局长坚决否认这个指控。Martin stoutly maintained that he was right.马丁坚持认为他是对的。,“Not a thing,”said I.(Para.51)Ellipsis.“Po
40、lly means not a thing to you.”,He complied.The coat bunched high over his ears and dropped all the way down to his shoe tops.(Para.54)comply:v.act in accordance with a request,order etc.She must be made to comply with the rules.必须强迫她遵守这些规则。,He looked like a mound of dead raccoons.“Fits fine,”he said
41、 happily.(Para.54)mound maund n.土墩,小丘,一堆 n.of v.筑堤,用土堆防卫(1)a pile of earth,stones,etc.often one built in ancient times as a defence or over a grave;small hill 土石堆，土岗，土丘a burial mound 坟堆(2)a large pile of a mound of papers on my desk,I had my first date she bade me good night(Para.57)I had my first d
42、ate with Polly the following evening.I had my first social engagement(outing)with Polly the next evening.marvy m:vi int.妙极了,好极了=marvelousdelish adj.可口的,美味的=delicious,(paras.109-114)Hypothesis Contrary to Fact(paras.115-124)Poisoning the Well Section IV(Paras.125-154):the ending of the story:backfiri
43、ng of all the arguments(paras.125-152)The quarrel between the boy and the girl.(climax especially paras.147-150)(paras.153-154)Modulation(the falling action),Organizational Pattern,Part 3,Hypothesis Contrary to Fact,Hypothesis contrary to fact:draw any supportable conclusion from a hypothesis that i
44、s not true.(事实相反的假设:不合逻辑的推理),If Madame Curie had not happened to leave a photographic plate in a drawer with a chunk of pitchblende,the world today would not know about radium.,E.g.1.If I had studied hard,I would definitely have passed the test.2.I taught you logic.So,if I hadnt taught you logic,you
45、 never would have learned logic at all.,Poisoning the Well,Poisoning the well:has hamstrung ones opponent.(投毒下井:事先否定对方)or speaking“against the man”rather than the issue,in which the premises may only make a personal attack on a person who holds some thesis,instead of offering grounds showing why wha
46、t he says is false.,My opponent is a notorious liar.You cant believe a word that he is going to say.,E.g.1.Dont listen to him.He is scoundrel.2.You may argue that God doesnt exist,but you are just following a fad.3.We should discount what Premier Klein says about taxation because he wont be hurt by
47、the increase.,Dobie Gillis（the narrator）,Polly Espy(the girl),Declaration of love to Polly,Petey Burch,Promised to be his GF,A raccoon coat,Throw good money after Bad 赔了夫人又折兵,Detailed Study of the Text,1.“Sounds yummy,”was Pollys reaction.(Para.110)yummy:(American colloquialism)echoic of a sound mad
48、e in expressing pleasure at a taste;very tasty;delectable,Sounds fine,2.“Did you see the movie?Oh,it just knocked me out.That Walter Pidgeon is so dreamy.I mean he fractures me.”(Para.112),excellent,wonderful,delightful,to evoke a strong reaction in someone;to cause to react with enthusiasm,I was ex
49、cited and filled with pleasure by the movie.That well-known actor Walter Pidgeon is so wonderful and he fascinates me.,3.One more chance,I decided.But just one more.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.(Para.115),Detailed Study of the Text,Ellipsis and inversion.I decided that I would g
50、ive her one more chance.,There is a limit to what any human being can bear.Implied meaning：if I failed this time,I would give up.,4.“The next fallacy is called Poisoning the Well.”(Para.115),Detailed Study of the Text,Its a Metaphor.The writer compares“the personal attack on a person holding some th
