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1、1,Advanced English,Book I,2,What is advanced English?,1.Vocabulary master more than 10000 English words.Learn something about etymology.Greek,Roman,French,Italian,Spanish,Latin Chinese,Japan,Indian,etc.hector,Achilles heel,cuisine,pork,resume,quartet,sonata,concerto,coolie,karma,kaki,kabuki,paper ti
2、ger.prefix,suffix,root:con-,-cord-,3,2.genre essay,poetry,novel,prose,drama,etc.3.contents or ideas history,philosophy,culture,life or death,love,states fate,universe,universal value,etc.4.figures of speech How to appreciate a work?simile,metaphor,metonymy,personification,parallelism,climax,bathos,a
3、ntithesis,etc.,4,The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowly oer the lea,The plowman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me.Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight,And all the air a solemn stillness holds,5,Save where the beetle whee
4、ls his droning flight,And drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds;Save that from yongder ivy-mantled tower The moping owl does to the moon complain Of such,as wandering near her secret bower,Molest her ancient solitary reign.,6,Beneath those rugged elms,that yew trees shade,Where heaves the turf in
5、many a moldering heap,Each in his narrow cell forever laid,The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep.The breezy call of incense-breathing Morn,The swallow twittering from the straw-built shed,7,The cocks shrill clarion,or the echoing horn,No more shall rouse them from their lowly bed.For them no more
6、 the blazing hearth shall burn,Or busy housewife ply her evening care;No children run to lisp their sires return,Or climb his knees the envied kiss to share.,8,To be,or not to bethat is the question:Whether tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortuneOr to take arms ag
7、ainst a sea of troubles And by opposing end them.To die,to sleepNo more and by a sleep to say we end the heartache,and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to.Tis a consummation,9,Devoutly to be wished.To die,to sleepTo sleepperchance to dream:ay,theres the rub,For in that sleep of death wh
8、at dreams may come When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,Must give us pause.Theres the respect That makes calamity of so long life.For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,10,The oppressors wrong,the proud mans contumely The pangs of despised love,the laws delay,The insolence of office,a
9、nd the spurns That patient merit of the unworthy takes,When he himself might his quietus makeWith a bare bodkin?Who would fardels bear,To grunt and sweat under a weary life,11,But that the dread of something after death,The undiscovered country,from whose bourn No traveler returns,puzzles the will,A
10、nd makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of?Thus conscience does make cowards of us all,12,And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied oer with the pale cast of thought,And enterprises of great pith and moment With this regard their currents turn awry And
11、lose the name of action.,13,Of Studies,Studies serve for delight,for ornament,and for ability.Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring;for ornament,is in discourse;and for abilty,is in judgment and disposition of business.To spend too much time in studies is sloth;to use them too m
12、uch for ornament is affectation;to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar.They perfect nature,and are perfected by experience;for natural,14,abilities are like natural plants,that need pruning by study;and studies themselves to give forth directions too much at large,except th
13、ey be bound in by experience.Crafty men contemn studies;simple men admire them;wise men use them;for they teach not their own use;but that is a wisdom without them and above them,won by observation.Read not to contradict and confute;nor to believe and take for granted;nor to find talk and,15,discour
14、se;but to weigh and consider.Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested:that is some books are to be read only in parts;others to be read,but not curiously;and some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention.Histories make men wise;poets wit
15、ty;the mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend,16,Background Information about Middle Eastgeographical scope:an extensive area of SW Asia and northern Africa,stretching from the Mediterranean to Pakistan and including the Arabian peninsula.Generally
16、speaking,the natural conditions in Middle East are very poor.its history:The history of Middle East,17,can be traced back to 3000 thousand years ago.Egypt and Babylonia were among the so-called four ancient civilizations.religions:A surprising phenomenon is that the worlds three famous religions,Chr
17、istianity,Islam,Buddhism all originated from Middle East.Why?,18,Christianity is today the worlds most widespread religion,with more than a billion members,mainly divided between the Roman Catholic,Protestant,and Eastern Orthodox Churches.It originated among the Jewish followers of Jesus of Nazareth
18、,who believed that he was the promised Messiah(or“Christ”),but the Christian Church soon became an,19,independent organization,largely through the missionary efforts of St Paul.In 313 Constantine ended official persecution in the Roman Empire and in 380 Theodosius I recognized it as the state religi
19、on.Most Christians believe in one God in three Persons(the Father,the Son,and the Holy Spirit)and the Jesus is the Son of God who rose from the,20,dead after being crucified;a Christian hopes to attain eternal life after death through faith in Jesus Christ and tries to live by his teachings as recor
20、ded in the New Testament.,21,Islam:founded in the Arabian peninsula in the 7th century AD,Islam is now the professed faith of nearly a billion people worldwide(its members are called Muslims),particularly in North Africa,the Middle East,and parts of Asia.The ritual observances and moral code of Isla
21、m were said to have been given to Muhammad as a series of revelations,22,which were codified in the Koran.Islam is regarded by its adherents as the last of the revealed religions,and Muhammad is seen as the last of the prophets,building on and perfecting the examples and teachings of Abraham,Moses,a
22、nd Jesus.Allah is regarded as the god of Islam.There are two major branches in Islam,Sunni and Shia.,23,Buddhism:Buddhism has no god,and gives a central role to the doctrine of karma(轮回).The“four noble truths”of Buddhism state that all existence is suffering,that the cause of suffering is desire,tha
23、t freedom from suffering is nirvana(涅磐),and that this is attained through the“eightfold path”of ethical conduct,wisdom,24,and mental discipline.Crusade:a medieval military expedition,one of a series made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the 11th,12th,and 13th centuries.Holy
24、War:a war declared or waged by Muslims in support of its religious cause.,25,1.bazaar:a market in a Middle-eastern country.This word was originated in late 16th cent.:from Persian bazar market,Detailed study of the text,26,bazaarbizarre,which means very strange or unusual,especially so as to cause i
25、nterest or amusementHis behavior became more and more bizarre.2.take sb.back:remind sb.of the situation that happened hundreds even thousands of years ago or make sb.reminiscent of the ancient events.,27,The Middle Eastern bazaar takesof years:The atmosphere,the architecture in the bazaar make one s
26、eem to be placed in an ancient time and space.,28,3.The one I am thinking of particularly is entered by a Gothic-arched gateway of aged brick and stone:What impressed me most is the one whose entrance is a Gothic-arched gateway which was made of aged brick and stone.Gothic:of or in the style of arch
27、itecture prevalent in western,29,Europe in the 12th 16th centuries and revived in the mid 18th to early 20th centuries),characterized by pointed arches,rib vaults,and flying buttresses,together with large windows.,30,4.Gothic novel:an English genre of fiction popular in the 18th to 19th centuries,ch
28、aracterized by tales of the macabre,fantastic,and supernatural,usually set amid haunted castles,graveyards,ruins,and wild picturesque landscapes.They reached the height of their considerable fashion in the 1790s,31,and the early years of the 19th century.Its representative work was:The Castle of Ort
29、ranto(1764).5.cavern:Here it doesnt really mean a cave or an underground chamber.It refers to a long,narrow,dark street of workshops and shops with some sort of a roof over them.,32,6.tinkle:make or cause to make a light,clear ringing sound.The author here uses an onomatopoeia.Similar words are:cras
30、h,flash,dingle,etc.7.thread ones way:move carefully or skillfully in and out of obstacles.She threaded her way through the tables.Similar expressions are:wedge ones way,33,elbow ones way,edge ones way,squeeze ones way,shoulder ones way,push ones way He edged himself(his way)to the front of the crowd
31、.She squeezed herself through a narrow opening.,34,They threaded their way through the crowd.The suns rays could not wedge their way through the barrage of foliage.They elbowed their way into the best circles.,35,8.throng:a large,densely packed crowd of people or animals.He pushed his way through th
32、e throng.9.stall:1.a stand or booth for the sale of goods in a market,enclosed on three sides.2.a stable or cowshed,36,stall can also be used as a verb,meaning(of a vehicle or its engine)stop running,typically because of an overload on the engine,or(of a situation or process)stop making progress.Her
33、 car stalled at the crossroads The engine stalled(broke down)for lack of oxygen.,37,conceive:form a mental representation of,imagineconceive,perceive and discernperceive:come to realize or understanddiscern:distinguish with difficulty by sight or with the other senses,38,conceive ofas/dismissas/take
34、for/mistakefor/refer toasIn ancient time the world was conceived of as flat Without society an individual cannot be conceived as having rights.He just laughed,and dismissed the idea as unimportant.,39,Do you take me for a fool?I mistook him for his brother.Dont refer to your sister as a silly cow.di
35、n:a loud,unpleasant,and prolonged noisecry ones wares:hawk/vend ones articles for sales,40,clear a way:remove an obstacle or hindrance to allow progress.dizzy:having or involving a sensation of spinning around and losing ones balancepenetrate:succeed in forcing a way into or through.tunnels that pen
36、etrate deep into the earths core.,41,The knife penetrated his stomach.The bullet penetrated his left shoulder.They penetrated the territory of enemies.The rain penetrated my jacket.synonyms:permeate,pervade,infiltrate,42,It was a long time before scientists could penetrate the mystery of the atom.Th
37、e thorn pierced his heel.A lovely smell permeated the room.His report was permeated with cynicism.,43,The foul ordor penetrated the entire house.A musty ordor pervades the room.We infiltrated men into the enemy country.The police cant infiltrate into the closely-knit organization.,44,fade away:die a
38、way,gradually disappear mute:dumb They stand mute and unseeing before these violations.I was mute with fear.He was struck dumb with amusement.,45,mute can also be used as a verb,meaning muffle,deaden,or soften the sound ofbeaten hard by countless feet:flattened by treading measured:having a slow,reg
39、ular rhythm;(of speech or writing)carefully considered,deliberate and restrained,46,overwhelm:have a strong emotional effect on,overtakebe overtaken with surprise Overwhelmed with gratitude,he fell to her knees.sepulchral:of or relating to a tomb or interment;gloomy,dismal sepulcher:tomb follow suit
40、:do the same as someone else has done,47,follow sb.s lead/follow the example of sb./take ones cue from When the others went swimming,I followed suit.Tom didnt move and Julia took her cue from him.Most of the legislators followed the lead of the governor.,48,scatter:1.throw in various random directio
41、ns synonym:disperse2.separate and move off quickly in different directionsThe farmers scattered the seeds on the field.scatter the road with gravelscatter the factories instead of concentrating them in a single area,49,My relations are scattered all over the country.The wind soon scattered the cloud
42、s.The wind dispersed the clouds.guild:a medieval association of craftsmen or merchants,often having considerable power,now often refers to an association of people for mutual aid or the pursuit of the common goal,50,open-fronted shop:a shop in which the goods for sales are displayed at the front of
43、the shoptrestle table:a table consisting of a board or boards laid on trestlesbargaining is the order of the day:bargaining has become the way of life or the normal way of doing things,51,veiled women:according to the law of Islam women have to wear veils when they go outnarrow down their choice:red
44、uce the number of the their choicenarrow down to=boil down to=come down to The choice has narrowed down to three.,52,They narrowed the search for the missing boy down to five streets near the school.The reporter boiled the story down to half the original length.The whole discussion boils down to the
45、 question of whether the government should fix prices.,53,Our choices come down to going or staying.It comes down to two choices:You can either stay here or go there.Guess what it is she really likes and wants:The phrase it is here is for emphasis.yield:make a compromise in the bargaining,54,yield t
46、o:succumb to,submit to,surrender toThey are not the kind of people to yield to threats.If they wont yield to reason we shall have to try other methods.The government has succumbed to pressure from the press.,55,I refuse to submit to his control.He will not submit to being separated from her.The gene
47、ral refused to surrender to the enemy.He surrendered to despair and took his own life.,56,make a point of doing sth.=make a special and noticeable effort to do sth.I have always made a point of being on time.I have always made a point of visiting my mother on her birthday.,57,make a point of doing s
48、th.:make a special and noticeable effort to do make it point to do sth.She made a point of taking a walk each day.I have always made it a point to visit my mother on her birthday.She always makes a point of knowing students by name.,58,deprive sb.of sth./dispossess sb.of sth./rob sb.of sth./strip sb
49、.of sth.These misfortunes almost deprived him of his reason.His trouble deprived him of sleep.They were dispossessed of the lands and properties at the time of the reformation.,59,They stripped the prisoners of their dignity.He was stripped of his possessions.sacrifice:sell sth.at a discountat a sac
50、rifice=at a loss=at a discount(antonym:at a profit)at intervals:not continuously,60,impinge on:1.have an effect or impact,especially a damaging or negative one;2.encroach on I heard the rain impinge on the earth.Anybodys lawful rights cannot be impinged on.The government cannot encroach on liberties
