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1、短文改错常见的错误 及 对 策,一、常见的错误：(一)时态、语态方面的错误。主要是现在时态与过去时态，主动语态与被动语态之间的误用，做题时要把握全文时态基调，注意平行结构与动词之间的关系。,1.We had guests last night who have not stayed in a BB hotel before.2.I gained so much confidence that I go back to school3.Today,I got a letter that I had been admitting to a college.4.I read your e-mail
2、to my parents and show them the photo you sent to me.5.We hung a sign on the front door that was read:we re having dinner6.I hoped that you think about my request and visit us as soon7.even when I went to her with all my little boy problems and shout at her.,keys:1.have-had 2.go-went 3.admitting-adm
3、itted 4.show-showed 5.去掉was 6.hoped-hope 7.shou-shouted,8.Sometimes all that is need is some one to rely on.9.Ill send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived.10.But you are not permit to take them out.11.As is planning,Im coming to Boston around the 15th,12.and shes never made
4、 them disappointed.She always stays in full control of,8.need-needed 9.arrived-arrive 10.permit-permitted 11.planning-planned 12.stays-stayed,(二)主谓一致方面的错误。主要看动词是否需用“第三人称单数形式;有些表复数而形式为单数的名词，有些表单数而形式为复数的名词;定语从句的谓语是否与先行词一致,1.“I just want to know what the sign say.”2.Anyone can borrow books if he or she
5、 wish.3.Here are the information about Manchester University.4.What may surprise you are that Im going to5.The wounded was taken good care of by the nurse in the hospital.6.The news that is reported in the newspaper are very interesting.,1.say-says 2.wish-wishes 3.are-is 4.are-is 5.was-were 6.are-is
6、,(三)名词方面的错误。主要指名词的单复数问题，可数与不可数问题，名词所有格的位置问题及受不受形容词修饰语影响的问题。,1.He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests2.In summer,the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful.3.Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class.4.They have all sorts of course.5.But she marked strictly on students
7、actual performance.6.If you have interests in it,reply to me soon.7.That night,we sat down to what we thought would be a pleasant,uninterrupted meals.,1.ideas-idea 2.skies-sky 3.knowledges-knowledge 4.course-courses 5.students-students 6.interests-interest 7.meals-meals,（四）冠词方面的错误。主要指a(n)与the的混用，a 与
8、an的误用，尤其要看可数单数名词前是否缺冠词或不需用冠词时用了冠词。,1.An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784.2.I go back to school as new person.My grades improved.3.He used to break the laws of his parents,he may go to the prison.4.Finally we had good idea.5.So we wil
9、l have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun.6.With coming of spring,grass and trees turn green.7.The popular teacher is at same time the one who should be strict with students.,1.the balloon-a 2.as后加 a 3.去掉the 4.had 后加a 5.去掉a ing 前加the 7.same前加 the,(五)非谓语动词使用方面的错误。主要动名词和不定式的误用，现在分词和
10、过去分词的误用，动词不定式是否省略to的错误.,1.The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon2.I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.3.Im looking forward to hear from you soon.4.How about join us?The camp is at the foot of a small hill.5.Suppertime is always being interru
11、pted by neighborhood children ring the bell.6.Ill send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport.7.He can have the great happiness of seeing himself to make steady progress.,Keys:1.keeps-keeping 2.becoming-become 3.hear-hearing 4.join-joining 5.ring-ringing 6.meet-to meet 7.去掉to,(六)连词方面的错误。主要表现为“and
12、,so,or,but”之间,“while与when”“however与therefore”之间的误用.,1.It started to rise higher again.So it was still too close to the water.2.I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.3.I became very active but made new friends.4.My hometown is a pretty
13、city,so people there are kind and polite.5.While they find fish coming to the surface,the fly down immediately.6.And if he breaks the laws of society that he used to break the laws of his parents,he may go to prison.,7.Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again.8.He and she should make the
14、 class very active by joking with the students.9.She always made sure that our homework was finished on time,but she marked strictly on students actual performance.10.even while I went to her with all my little boy-problems and shouted at her.11.If,therefore,he works hard,keeps out if trouble and ha
15、s god health,Keys:1.so-but 2.but-and 3.but-and 4.so-and 5.while-when 6.that-as 7.or-and 8.and-so 9.but-and 10.while-whenifthough 11.therefore-however,(七)形容词、副词方面的错误。主要表现为误用形容词修饰形容词，误用副词修饰名词，误用形容词修饰动词，以及形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级之间的误用。此外还有带-ly的副词与不带-ly的副词 之间的误用。,1.The two men threw all their equipment into th
16、e water to make the balloon light.It started to rise.2.Who had not stayed in a B&B hotel ago?3.They came back lately and had some tea.4.You always gave me specially attention and inspired me.5.They fly down immediate and catch them without delay.6.But he has to work till he wants to live comfortable
17、.7.If,however,he works hard,keeps out of trouble and has better health,he can have the great happiness of.,8.We can hear birds singing happy all round.9.Yes,it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from mine10.A helping hand is always stronger enough to lift you.11.I know you
18、are particular interested in Human Rights.12.She was usual patient with her students and never made them disappointed.13.Last year,my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school.14.I hope that you think about my request and visit us as soon as possibly.15.We should chat about the god
19、 older days.16.You may borrow as more books as you need.,Keys:1.lighter 2.ago-before 3.late 4.special 5.immediately fortably 7.better-good 8.happily 9.clear 10.strong 11.particularly 12.usually 13.most 14.Possible 15.old 16.more-many,(八)介词方面的错误。有固定搭配的错误，有介词灵活运用的错误。也漏用介词的错误。,1.The crowd waiting for t
20、o greet them in England was very surprised.2.He was looking for a glass the cupboard.3.After autumn arrives,the city looks as old man with leaves fallen from the trees.4.He can no longer expect others to pay his food,his clothes or his room.5.And I think you are fit it.6.On the front door stood a fi
21、ve-year-old boy from across the street.,1.for 2.in the 3.as-like 4.pay for 5.fit for 6.on-at,7.My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to take care.8.Could you share your experiences for us?9.You are limited in a certain number of books 10.It was very nice to hear from you for such a l
22、ong time.11.Im going to the Us this July in a summer camp!12.He or she should make the class very active for joking with the students.13.You can write your e-mail good Chinese.,7.care of 8.for-with 9.in-to 10.for-after 11.in-on 12 for-by 13.in good,（九）语言累赘。如because与so并用,though与but并用,return后加back,rep
23、eat后加again等。,1.They did not want breakfast because that they going out early2.Since you have visited Greece several times,so I would like to3.It is about 200 miles far away from London.4.Im sure you will find one you like it.5.Many students feels it that a popular teacher must be kind and easy-going
24、.6.and inspired to me to join in activities.,1.去掉.that 2.去掉so 3.去掉far 4.去掉it 5.去掉it 6.去掉第一个to,（十）逻辑及常识性错误。,1.The air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up.2.Since you have visited Greece several times,I would like to know whether you have seen the old buildings he
25、re.,Keys:1.the second up-down 2.here-there,（十一）代词方面的错误。主要包括形容词性的物主代词与名词性的物主代词之间的误用，关系代词与关系副词之间的误用，连接代词与连接副词之间的误用，代词主格与宾格的误用，代词单数与复数的误 用，不定代词之间的误用，该用反身代词是误用了宾格代词，its与its的误用等。,1.A lot of white birds come to my city for food.It can wait patiently above the sea for quite a long time.2.If he spends most
26、of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child,they will go hungry.3.That night,we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant,uninterrupted meal.4.You may keep the books for several weeks so that you can have enough time to finish it.5.I just smiled to me and thought6.On the
27、first day of camp,you came up to myself while I was sitting alone.1.it-they 2.they-he 3.they-we 4.it-them 5.me-myself 6.myself-me,7.Your life in your country is quite different from me.8.Everybody sleeps in tents,that is very exciting9.and gave me courage to try things which other thought were impos
28、sible.10.We have been learning about its rich culture and long history.11.but I believe you personal experience will be a lot better.12.And read the daily newspapers,magazines and the other books,13.Im expecting lots of sightseeing tours parties and another exciting things.,7.me-mine 8.that-which 9.
29、other-others 10.its-its 11.you-your 12.the other-other 13.another-other,(十二)其它方面的错误。如中文式英语，动词混用，形容词混用，介词短语与连词之间的混用等,1.Because the help you gave me that summer,my life changed.2.I am very excited to have accepted an e-mail from you.3.It is so a beautiful place!We can hear4.and I wonder if youll free
30、then so we could chat about the good old days,1.because-because of 2.accepted-gotreceived3.so-such 4.be free,二短文改错解题方法与技巧。（一）分成“四步走”1.通读全文，了解大意。注意语篇结构和行文逻辑，不能在未了解文章大意的情况下就一行一行的改。2.先易后难，缩小范围。在通读全文的过程中，可以把其中明显的错误找出来，这样就缩小了范围，也为下一步分析判断提供更充分的依据。3.把握句意，逐句判断。短文改错口诀“动词形，名词数，注意形和副；非谓动词细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注。”要以句子为最小单位找错。4.反复通读，复查验证。,（二).遵循“四原则”1.改动处以最少为原则2.虚词以添加或删除为原则3.实词以改变词形为原则。4.以保持句子原意不变为原则。(三)实施“四查法”1.左顾右盼查名词2.“语”“时”俱进查动词3.启承转合查连词 4.文通理通查逻辑,
