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1、翻译,时长:30 mins 分值比例:15%翻译类型:段落翻译考纲范围:很可能会涉及中国历史、中国经济以及中国的社会发展翻译字数:140-160考查:把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力,阅读原文,理解原文,获得总体印象。处理原文句子,正确断句,合句,找准主语。理解原文中的语言现象和逻辑关系,注意汉英两种语言的不同表达习惯,综合翻译技巧进行翻译。修改,对译文修正、加工、润饰。第一步:对照原文一句一句修改,看原文内容、思想是否准确表达出来;有无漏译、错译、曲解的地方;译文语言是否通顺。第二步:脱离原文,反复阅读后进行修改。看上下文有无不连接的地方,前后有无矛盾、重复的地方,有无逻辑不通的地方。
2、,汉译英解题方法,英汉结构差异,连接方式:汉语隐形,即连接词很少出现或不出现,这体现为意合英语显性,即连接词出现,体现为形合组句方式:汉语:动词多,短句多,常按时间顺序或前因后果的逻辑关系排列,呈链状;英语:常按句内主次从属关系排列,在句子主体上添加修饰语以及限定语,形成严谨的树状结构。,结构差异带来的启示,1.正确判断句子之间的关系,补充连接手段,实现显性连接。e.g.在这一年半中,她抄写、背写英语单词的纸,累起来可达桌子高。思路:SVO=纸+达到+桌子高。问题:累起来怎么处理?In that year and a half,the paper on which she had copied
3、 English words or written them down from memory,if stacked up,could reach the table from the floor.,结构差异带来的启示,2.掌握内在联系正确断句我们的班主任姓王,五十开外,方脸,一脸的胡子。Mr.Wang,the head teacher responsible for our class,was over fifty.He had a square-shaped face with a full beard.,结构差异带来的启示,3.正确安排句子基本框架,主次清楚,符合原意。原文:大家都记得1
4、979年秋天,当这个总共只念过八年书、连英文字母也认不全,而且已有三个孩子的女工,竟然报名上电大英语班时,招来了多少惊讶的目光。They remember how many astonished looks were cast at her in the autumn of 1979,when this woman worker with only 8 years schooling,little acquaintance with the English alphabet and three children to look after,actually enrolled in the En
5、glish class offered by the local TV university.,汉译英的基本技巧,1.增词为了充分传达原文含义,必须增补词语,以求达意.北京是中国的政治、文化中心。这里你可以游览万里长城、故宫、颐和园等。Beijing is a political and cultural center that offers some scenic attractions:the Great Wall,the Forbidden City,the Summer Palace etc.,汉译英的基本技巧,Practice 1.我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。I dont
6、think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English.2.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward,whereas conceit makes on lag behind.,2.减词:汉语喜欢重复,英语崇尚简洁。汉语的重复作为一种修辞手段有两种作用。一是为了强调,重复表达一个意思,或增添修饰语,加强语气。二是为了便于词语搭配,或平衡节奏,增加可读性。这些在汉语里习以为常的重复词语或句式,到了英语里要么不合逻辑,要么累赘冗长。所以翻译时都要有所删减省略。这是革命的春天,这是人民的春天,这是科学
7、的春天!让我们张开双臂,热烈拥抱这个春天吧!Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring,which is one of the revolution,of the people,and of science.,汉译英的基本技巧,Practice见到自己的故乡,他想起了童年的情景。The sight of his native place called back his childhood.他连续讲了两小时的法语,没有出现任何错误。He has been speaking in French for two hours without an
8、y mistakes.,汉译英的基本技巧,3.词类转换词类变形和转换,是英语语言的一个很重要的特点,尤其是名词、动词、形容词这三种最主要的词类。他的演讲给我们的印象很深。His speech impressed us deeply.(名词变动词)你说他傻不傻?Dont you think he is an idiot?(形容词变名词),汉译英的基本技巧,4.语态转换在英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态。在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉语。如果一味按照汉语原句的语态来翻译,会使译文显得十分别扭。门锁好了。The door has been locked up.新教材在印刷中。New t
9、extbooks are being printed.,汉译英的基本技巧,5.分译&合译分译:需要分译的句子多数是长句,或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句,就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚,也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译,则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。少年是一去不复返的,等到精力衰竭时,要做学问也来不及了。Youth will soon be gone,never to return.And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.她隔窗望去,突然发现有只小
10、船停泊在河边,船里有位船夫睡得正香。Looking through the window,she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank.In it there was a boatman fast asleep.,汉译英的基本技巧,(按内容层次分译),(从主语变换处分译),5.分译&合译合译:相较于汉语而言,英语长句多,因此在翻译中,要把汉语的两个或多个句子合译为英语的一句,使译文紧凑、简练。对我来说,我的水族箱就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。To me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom
11、 where I am king.第二天,我又接到一个电报。这个电报有34个字,比前一个电报说得更详细。The following day I received another telegram consisting of 34 ciphers,giving more details.,汉译英的基本技巧,(从主语变换处合译),(按内容连贯合译),6.正、反表达翻译汉语从反面表达,译文从正面表达他提出的论据相当不充实。The argument he put forward is pretty thin.他七十岁了,可是并不显老。He was 70,but he carried his years
12、 lightly.汉语从正面表达,译文从反面表达她来得正是时候。She couldnt have come at a better time.对于汉译英,你越细心越好。You can never be too careful about Chinese-English translation.,汉译英的基本技巧,7.变序从译文的行文上考虑,有时需要对原文的词序作一番调整,以适应英文的修辞习惯,或者为了避免因结构而产生的歧义。例:到西安你可以买兵马俑、唐三彩。Unique local creations are available in Xian,such as the three colore
13、d glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty and terra-cotta figures.(“兵马俑”和“唐三彩”在译文中变换了位置,是为了避免”of the Tang Dynasty”在结构上产生歧义。),汉译英的基本技巧,近些年,随着经济的快速增长,中国的国际影响力提升了,世界上学汉字的人也多了起来。母语是拼音文字系统(phonetic languages)的人,常常觉得汉字很难学。同时,不少人在学汉字的过程中,也有愉快的体验。这套独特的符号系统,积淀了丰富的历史文化内容,西方人在学汉字的过程中,甚至能体会到这个东方民族的微妙心灵。很多汉字还浓缩了中国人的人
14、生体验。Recent years,the number of Chinese language learners across the world has been on the rise along with the rapid growth of Chinas economy.While those used to phonetic languages often find Chinese characters difficult to learn,some learners may experience the gratification of discovering historica
15、l and cultural elements in the process.Some pictographic symbols of Chinese characters express peoples experience of the world.,在英文中,“中国”与“瓷器”是一个词,这说明,很早时期欧洲人认识中国是和瓷器联系在一起的。瓷器15世纪时就传入欧洲,在中外交流中占有重要位置。瓷器以其优雅精致的品质,为中国赢得了好名声。瓷器是中国文明史上的重要物品。大约在公元1世纪时,中国就出现了瓷器。到了宋代,瓷器进入了成熟期。In English,the country and porc
16、elain share the same name“china”.This proves that Europeans have long known of Chinas relation to porcelain,which found its way to Europe in the 15th century,occupying an important position in the exchanges between China and other countries.Porcelain garnered a good reputation for China for its sophistication and elegance.It is of great significance in the history of Chinese civilization.Around the first century,porcelain production first emerged in China,and by the Song Dynasty it had become mature.,