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1、TEM-8,General Knowledge,Linguistics:the study of language,The core of linguistics:Phonetics,Phonology,Morphology,Syntax,Semantics,Pragmatics语音学，音位学，形态学，句法学，语义学，语用学,Phonetics,The study of the phonetic medium of language;it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the worlds languages.Three bran
2、ches:Articulatory Phonetics,Auditory Phonetics,Acoustic Phonetics发音语言学，听觉语言学，声学语言学（the physical properties of speech sounds,as transmitted between mouth and ear）,Phonology,Aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic com
3、munication注意，语音学着重语音的自然属性，是音位学的基础；音位学强调语音的社会功能。,Phone,phoneme,suprasegmental phonology,Phone:音素 a phonetic unit or segment.Phoneme:音位 a phonological unitSuprasegmental phonology:超音位 including stress(重音),tone（音调）and intonation（语调）,Morphology,Refers to the study of the internal structure of words,and
4、the rules by which words are formed.Morpheme(词素)：the smallest unit in terms of relationship between expression and content,the minimal unit of meaning.Free morphemes 自由词素，可以独立出现，独立成次词Bound morphemes 粘着词素，不可独立成词，必须与其它语素一起出现,stem,root,inflection,Stem:词干，可以附加词缀的词素或词素群Root：词根Affixes:词缀（prefix,suffix）Inf
5、lection：屈折变化，通过增加曲折词缀的方式表现语法关系,Syntax,A branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences,Semantics,The study of meaning in language.Synonymy?Polysemy?Homophones?Homographs?Complete homonyms?Hyponymy?Antonymy?Synonymy 同义关
6、系 Polysemy 一次多义Homophones 同音异义 Homographs 同形异义Complete homonyms 同行同音异义 Hyponymy 上下义关系 Antonymy 反义关系,Pragmatics,The study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.Topics studied in pragmatics:deixis 指示,speech acts 言语行为，indirect language 间接语言，conversation 会话，polit
7、eness 礼貌，cross-cultural communication 跨文化交际,and presupposition 前提,1.The study of _ does not form the core of linguistics.A.syntax B.pragmatics C.morphology D.sociolinguistics2.If the study of meaning is conducted in the context of language use,a branch of linguistic study called _ comes into being A
8、.syntax B.semantics C.pragmatics D.morphology,DC,1.Phonetics is the study of _.A.all the sounds that occur in the worlds languagesB.speech sounds used by human languages to representC.the differences between sounds used in human languages and sounds in natureD.how phonological differences can lead t
9、o misunderstanding.2.A sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of a word from another in a given language is a _.A.phoneme B.allophone C.phone D.allomorph,AA,1.Morphology is the study of _A.the internal structure of words and the rules that govern their formationB.the uses of
10、different types of utterances in different contextsC.the differences between sounds used in human languages and sounds in natureD.the rules that pertain to all languages throughout the world2.What is the minimal unit of meaning?A.Phoneme B.Morpheme C.Allophone D.Allomorph3.There are _ morphemes in t
11、he word“undesirability”.A.3 B.4 C.5 D.6,ABB,3.In the field of phonology,which of the following does not belong to the suprasegmental features?A.stress B.tone C.intonation D.syllable 4.Which of the following is not a free morpheme?A.bed B.tree C.dance D.children5._ are bound morphemes because they ca
12、nnot be used as separate wordsA.roots B.stems C.affixes D.compounds,DD,1.The meaning relationship between the two words“sheep”and“ewe”is _A.antonymy B.homonymy C.hyponymy D.polysemy 2.The ambiguity in“pass the port”is caused by _A.lexical items B.a grammatical structure C.homonymy D.polysemy 3._ is
13、NOT a pair of homophones.A.rain(water condensed from atmospheric vapor)and reign(exercise of sovereign power)B.flea(a kind of insect)and flee(to escape)C.lead(to guide)and lead(metal of a dull bluish-grey color)D.Compliment(an expression of praise or congratulation)and complement(something that comp
14、letes),CDC,1.Syntax is the study of _.(2005)A.language functions B.sentence structures C.textual organization D.word formation 2.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of _.(2006)A.reference B.meaning C.antonymy D.context 3._ refers to the study of the internal structu
15、re of words and the rules of word formation.(2007)A.Phonology B.Morphology C.Semantics D.Sociolinguistics 4.The phenomenon that word having different meanings have the same form is called _.(2008)A.hyponymy B.synonymy C.polysemy D.homonymy,BDBD,1.The full name of UK is _.2.There are _ members in the
16、 Commonwealth.3.There are _ stripes and _ stars in US National flag.4.What are the official languages of New Zealand5.What are the capital city of Australia,New Zealand,and Canada?,1.Canada is the _ largest country in the world,US is the _ largest,while Australia is the _ largest.2.The largest citie
17、s in these five countries.3.The smallest state in US and the smallest one in Australia4.The most important cities in western part of US,Canada and Australia5.political divisions of these five countries,1.UK 2.US 3.Canada 4.Australia 5.New Zealand:UK includes 4 parts:England,Scotland,Wales,and Northe
18、rn IrelandUS is made up of 50 states and 1 district Canada is made up of ten provinces and three territories.TheCommonwealthofAustralia is made up of six states and two territories.New Zealand is made up of two large islands.,The two main mountain ranges and the largest river in US.Great Lakes:Lakes
19、 Superior,Michigan,Huron,Erie,and Ontario.Which is the largest and which entirely located within the border of US?The highest mountain and the longest river in UKBen Nevis Mountain and Severn River,5;Parliament;Sovereign,the House of Lords and the House of Commons;Conservative Party,Labor Party and
20、Liberal Democratic,4;Congress;The House of Representatives and the Senate;the Democratic Party and the Republican Party,3 parliament,the House of Representatives and the Senate;Australian Labor Party,the Coalition of the Liberal Party and the National Party,3 Parliament;the House of Representatives;
21、the National Party and the Labor Party,4;parliament,the House of Commons and the Senate;The Liberal Party and the Progressive Conservatives,1.Europeans came to American continent for _ reasons,while they came to Australia to _2.The forefathers of Maori came from _3._“discovered”the New World in 1492
22、.4.The first English permanent settlement in US was founded in the state of _.5.The document _officially proclaimed the independence of 13 North American colonies.6.The early inhabitants in England are tribes of _,1._,_,and _ are regarded as the three world religions in the world.2.Christianity has
23、three main groups:_,_,and _.3._ is the Established Church in UK4.Today,the majority of Americans belong to _ church.But the largest single religious group is _.5.The most enduring religion in Australia is _.6._ is by far the largest single denomination of Christianity in Canada(more than 40%).,The o
24、ldest university in UK is _,the oldest one in US is _Of the four nations in UK,_ is the most densely populated,and _ is the least densely populatedAmong the American minorities,_ is the most numerous group,and _ is the secondUnited States has become the _ largest nation in terms of population Most o
25、f the population in Australia lives in the _ corner.The most populous state in US is _,Tragedies of ShakespeareRomeo and Juliet,Hamlet,Othello,King Lear,and Macbeth(P84)Comedies of ShakespeareThe Taming of the Shrew,A Midsummer Nights Dream,Twelfth Night,and The Tempest(P84),1.UKs oldest daily newsp
26、aper2.Americas national game3.the true sport of British Kings and Queens 4.the two influential transcendentalists in US 5.List three masterpieces of Ernest Hemingway,真题演练 2005,31._ is the capital city of Canada.A.Vancouver B.Ottawa C.Montreal D.York32.US presidents normally serve a term of _ years.A
27、.two B.four C.six D.eight33.Which of the following cities in NOT located in the Northeast US?A.Huston B.Boston C.Baltimore D.Philadelphia 34._ is the state church in England.A.The Roman Catholic Church B.The Baptist Church C.The Protestant Church D.The Church of England,真题训练2006,31.The President dur
28、ing the American Civil War was _.A.Andrew Jackson B.Abraham Lincoln C.Thomas Jefferson D.George Washington 32.The capital of New Zealand is _.A.Christchurch B.Auckland C.Wellington D.Hamilton33.Who were the ntives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?A.The Aborigines B.The Maoris
29、C.The Indians D.The Eskimos34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head of _.A.the Shadow Cabinet B.the Parliament C.the Opposition D.the Cabinet,真题演练2007,31.The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT _.A.the Anglos B.the Celts C.the Ju
30、tes D.the Saxons32.The Head of State of Canada is represented by _.A.the Monarch B.the President C.the Prime Minister D.the Governor-general 33.The Declaration of Independence was written by _.A.Thomas Jefferson B.George Washington C.Alexander Hamilton D.James Madison,真题演练2008,31.The largest city in
31、 Canada is _.A.Vancouver B.Montreal C.Toronto D.Ottawa32.According to the United States Constitution,the legislative power is invested in _.A.the Federal Government B.the Supreme Count C.the Cabinet D.the Congress33.Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A.Baseball B.Tennis C.Basketball D.American football34.The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is _.A.the President B.the Government-General C.the British monarch D.the Prime Minister,
