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1、第四章基于TCP/IP的互连网络,TCP/IP 协议族,7,6,5,4,3,2,5,4,3,2,应用层,表达层,会话层,传输层,网络层,数据链路层,物理层,1,应用层,传输层,Internet层,网络接口层,1,应用层概述,*路由器使用,应用层,传输层,Internet层,网络接口层,文件传输-TFTP*-FTP*-NFSE-Mail-SMTP远程登陆-Telnet*-rlogin*网络管理-SNMP*名称管理-DNS*,传输层概述,Transmission ControlProtocol(TCP)User Datagram Protocol(UDP),应用层,传输层,Internet层,网络
2、接口层,面向连接非面向连接,TCP 数据格式,Source port(16),Destination port(16),Sequence number(32),Headerlength(4),Acknowledgemten number(32),Reserved(6),Code bits(6),Window(16),Checksum(16),Urgent(16),Options(0 or 32 if any),Data(varies),20Bytes,Bit 0,Bit 15,Bit 16,Bit 31,端口号,TCP,端口号,FTP,传输层,TELNET,DNS,SNMP,TFTP,SMTP
3、,UDP,应用层,21,23,25,53,69,161,RIP,520,TCP 端口号,源端口,目标端口,Host A,1028,23,SP,DP,Host Z,Telnet Z,目标端口=23.,发送 SYN(seq=100 ctl=SYN),接收 SYN,Host A,Host B,TCP 三次握手,发送 SYN(seq=100 ctl=SYN),接收 SYN,发送 SYN,ACK(seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack),Host A,Host B,接收 SYN,TCP 三次握手,发送 SYN(seq=100 ctl=SYN),接收 SYN,发送 SYN,ACK(seq=
4、300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack),建立会话(seq=101 ack=301 ctl=ack),Host A,Host B,接收 SYN,TCP 三次握手,TCP 简单确认,滑动窗口=1,发送方,接收方,TCP 简单确认,滑动窗口=1,发送方,接收方,发送 1,接收 1,TCP 简单确认,滑动窗口=1,发送方,接收方,发送 1,接收 1,接收 ACK 2,发送 ACK 2,TCP 简单确认,滑动窗口=1,发送方,接收方,发送 1,接收 1,接收 ACK 2,发送 ACK 2,发送 2,接收 2,TCP 简单确认,滑动窗口=1,发送方,接收方,发送 1,接收 1,接收 ACK 2,
5、发送 ACK 2,发送 2,接收 2,接收 ACK 3,发送 ACK 3,TCP 简单确认,滑动窗口=1,发送方,接收方,发送 1,接收 1,接收 ACK 2,发送 ACK 2,发送 2,接收 2,接收 ACK 3,发送 ACK 3,发送 3,接收 3,滑动窗口=1,发送方,接收方,发送 1,接收 1,接收 ACK 2,发送 ACK 2,发送 2,接收 2,接收 ACK 3,发送 ACK 3,发送 3,接收 3,接收 ACK 4,发送 ACK 4,TCP 简单确认,TCP 顺序号和确认号,源端口,目标端口,顺序号#,确认号#,Source,Dest.,Seq.,Ack.,1028,23,10,
6、1,我发送#10.,TCP 顺序号和确认号,我已收到#10,现在我需要#11.,源端口,目标端口,顺序号#,确认号#,1028,23,Source,Dest.,10,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,1,Ack.,我发送#10.,TCP 顺序号和确认号,源端口,目标端口,顺序号#,确认号#,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,2,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,10,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,1,Ack.,我已收到#10,现在我需要#11.,我发送#
7、10.,TCP 顺序号和确认号,源端口,目标端口,顺序号#,确认号#,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,2,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,10,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,12,Seq.,2,Ack.,我已收到#11,现在我需要#12.,我发送#11,TCP 窗 口,发送方,接收方,TCP 窗 口,Window size=3Send 2,发送方,接收方,Window size=3Send 1,Window size=3Send 3,Wind
8、ow size=3Send 2,TCP 窗 口,发送方,Window size=3Send 1,Window size=3Send 3,ACK 3Window size=2,数据 3 被丢弃,接收方,Window size=3Send 2,TCP 窗 口,发送方,Window size=3Send 1,Window size=3Send 3,ACK 3Window size=2,数据 3 被丢弃,Window size=3Send 4,Window size=3Send 3,接收方,Window size=3Send 2,TCP 窗 口,发送方,Window size=3Send 1,Wind
9、ow size=3Send 3,ACK 3Window size=2,数据 3 被丢弃,Window size=3Send 4,Window size=3Send 3,ACK 5Window size=2,接收方,TCP总结,TCP为什么是可以实现端到端面向连接的服务？1.在建立连接时使用三次握手确认对方身份；2.使用滑动窗口技术实现传输的平衡；3.使用先入先出方式进行排序；4.传输中使用确认和重传保证传输质量；所以，TCP有源端口、目标端口、顺序号、确认号。,没有顺序号和确认号,UDP 数据格式,Source port(16),Destination port(16),Length(16),
10、Data(if any),1,Bit 0,Bit 15,Bit 16,Bit 31,Checksum(16),8Bytes,Internet 层概述,OSI 网络层对应的是TCP/IP的internet层,Internet Protocol(IP)Internet Control MessageProtocol(ICMP)Address ResolutionProtocol(ARP)Reverse AddressResolution Protocol(RARP),应用层,传输层,Internet层,数据链路层,物理层,IP 数据,Version(4),Destination IP Addres
11、s(32),Options(0 or 32 if any),Data(varies if any),1,Bit 0,Bit 15,Bit 16,Bit 31,HeaderLength(4),Priority&Type of Service(8),Total Length(16),Identification(16),Flags(3),Fragment offset(13),Time to live(8),Protocol(8),Header checksum(16),Source IP Address(32),20Bytes,决定上层协议,协议域,TransportLayer,Internet
12、Layer,TCP,UDP,ProtocolNumbers,IP,17,6,ICMP协议,Application,Transport,Internet,Data Link,Physical,Destination UnreachableEcho(Ping)Other,ICMP,1,ARP协议,172.16.3.1,172.16.3.2,IP:172.16.3.2=?,我需要知道176.16.3.2的物理地址.,ARP协议,172.16.3.1,172.16.3.2,IP:172.16.3.2=?,ARP协议,172.16.3.1,IP:172.16.3.2 Ethernet:0800.0020
13、.1111,172.16.3.2,IP:172.16.3.2=?,ARP协议,映射 IP EthernetLocal ARP,172.16.3.1,IP:172.16.3.2 Ethernet:0800.0020.1111,172.16.3.2,IP:172.16.3.2=?,RARP协议,Ethernet:0800.0020.1111 IP=?,我的地址是多少？,RARP协议,Ethernet:0800.0020.1111 IP=?,我的地址是多少？,我听到了广播你的地址是 172.16.3.25.,RARP协议,Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP:172.16.3.25,E
14、thernet:0800.0020.1111 IP=?,我的地址是多少？,我听到了广播你的地址是 172.16.3.25.,RARP协议,映射 Ethernet IP,Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP:172.16.3.25,Ethernet:0800.0020.1111 IP=?,我的地址是多少？,我听到了广播你的地址是 172.16.3.25.,ARP和RARP区别,ARP:映射对方IP到MAC地址;RARP:映射自己MAC地址到IP;,IP 地 址,255,255,255,255,DottedDecimal,Maximum,Network,Host,32 bits,IP
15、 地 址,255,255,255,255,DottedDecimal,Maximum,Network,Host,1286432168421,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,Binary,32 bits,1,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,1286432168421,1286432168421,1286432168421,IP 地 址,255,255,255,255,DottedDecimal,Maximum,Network,Host,1286432168421,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,10101100
16、,00010000,01111010,11001100,Binary,32 bits,172,16,122,204,ExampleDecimal,ExampleBinary,1,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,1286432168421,1286432168421,1286432168421,Class A:Class B:Class C:Class D:多址地址 Class E:科研用,IP 地址分类,8 bits,8 bits,8 bits,8 bits,IP 地址分类,1,Class A:,Bits:,0NNNNNNN,Host,Host,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,
17、32,Range(1-126),1,Class B:,Bits:,10NNNNNN,Network,Host,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range(128-191),1,Class C:,Bits:,110NNNNN,Network,Network,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range(192-223),1,Class D:,Bits:,1110MMMM,Multicast Group,Multicast Group,Multicast Group,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range(224-239),三段私有地址,私有地址:在Inte
18、rnet上不被承认的地址。10.0.0.1-10.255.255.254 172.16.0.1-172.31.255.254 192.168.0.1-192.168.255.254 在任何的公司和网吧或具有私有空间的终端上都可以被分配。,主机地址,172.16.2.1,172.16.3.10,172.16.12.12,10.1.1.1,10.250.8.11,10.180.30.118,E1,172.16,12,12,网络,主机,.,.,网络,端口,172.16.0.010.0.0.0,E0E1,路由表,172.16.2.1,10.6.24.2,E0,11111111,计算可用的主机地址,17
19、2 16 0 0,10101100,00010000,00000000,00000000,16151413121110 9,87654321,网络,主机,00000000,00000001,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111110,.,.,00000000,00000010,11111101,1,2,3,65534,65535,65536,-,.,2,65534,N,2N-2=216-2=65534,IP地址分类练习,地址,类别,网络,主机,10.2.1.1,128.63.2.100,201.222.5.64,192.6.141.2,130.113.64.16,2
20、56.241.201.10,IP地址分类练习（答案）,地址,类别,网络,主机,10.2.1.1,128.63.2.100,201.222.5.64,192.6.141.2,130.113.64.16,256.241.201.10,A,B,C,C,B,Nonexistent,10.0.0.0,128.63.0.0,201.222.5.0,192.6.141.0,130.113.0.0,0.2.1.1,0.0.2.100,0.0.0.64,0.0.0.2,0.0.64.16,网络 172.16.0.0,172.16.0.0,不设子网的地址,172.16.0.1,172.16.0.2,172.16.
21、0.3,.,172.16.255.253,172.16.255.254,IP地址配置的基本原则,路由器的物理网络端口需要有一个IP地址相邻路由器的相邻端口IP地址在同一网段同一路由器不同端口在不同网段上(牢记！),网络 172.16.0.0,设置子网的地址,172.16.1.0,172.16.2.0,172.16.3.0,172.16.4.0,子网地址,172.16.2.200,172.16.2.2,172.16.2.160,172.16.2.1,172.16.3.5,172.16.3.100,172.16.3.150,E0,172.16,网络,网络,端口,172.16.0.0172.16.0
22、.0,E0E1,新路由表,2,160,主机,.,.,172.16.3.1,E1,子网地址,172.16.2.200,172.16.2.2,172.16.2.160,172.16.2.1,172.16.3.5,172.16.3.100,172.16.3.150,172.16.3.1,E0,E1,172.16,2,160,网络,主机,.,.,网络,端口,172.16.2.0172.16.3.0,E0E1,新路由表,子网,子网掩码,255,255,0,0,IPAddress,DefaultSubnetMask,8-bitSubnetMask,Network,Host,Network,Host,Net
23、work,Subnet,Host,“/16”表示子网掩码有16位.,“/24”表示子网掩码有24位.,11111111,11111111,00000000,00000000,十进制和二进制的转换,10000000=12811000000=19211100000=22411110000=24011111000=24811111100=25211111110=25411111111=255,128 6432168421,子网掩码练习,地址,子网掩码,类别,子网,172.16.2.10,10.6.188.20,10.30.36.12,255.255.255.248,255.255.240.0,255
24、.255.248.0,广播地址,172.16.1.0,172.16.2.0,172.16.3.0,172.16.4.0,172.16.3.255(Directed broadcast),255.255.255.255(Local network broadcast),X,172.16.255.255(All subnets broadcast),子网划分,Other subnets,192.168.5.16,192.168.5.32,192.168.5.48,20 子网5 主机/子网C类地址：192.168.5.0,11111000,IP Host Address:192.168.5.121S
25、ubnet Mask:255.255.255.248,Network,Subnet,Host,192.168.5.121:,11000000,11111111,Subnet:,11000000,10101000,10101000,11111111,00000101,00000101,11111111,01111001,01111000,255.255.255.248:,C类地址子网规划,Subnet Address=192.168.5.120Host Addresses=192.168.5.121192.168.5.126Broadcast Address=192.168.5.127Five Bits of Subnetting,Broadcast:,Network,Network,11000000,10101000,00000101,01111111,广播地址练习,地址,类别,子网,广播地址,201.222.10.60,255.255.255.248,子网掩码,15.16.193.6,255.255.224.0,28.216.32.13,255.252.0.0,53.50.6.27,255.240.0.0,
