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1、学案四,语法精讲荟萃,主谓一致主谓一致是指英语中的谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与主语保持一致。1集合名词作主语(1)表示整体概念，强调一致性，谓语动词用单数形式；表示个体概念，强调每一个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集合名词有family，group，class，grade，team，army，nation，crowd，population，company，government，committee等。,Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.(强调整体性)在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面
2、比其他任何班都好。Our class are playing football.(强调每个成员)我们班的同学正在踢足球。(2)有些有生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词只用复数。常见的这类集合名词有people，police，cattle等。The cattle are grazing in the fields.牛在田里吃草。(3)无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates.气候寒冷的地区需要暖和的衣物。All the furniture has been moved to another room.所有
3、家具已经被搬到另外一个房间里。,2表示成双成套的名词，如trousers，shoes，glasses，socks，stockings，scissors单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但当它们与a pair of或pairs of连用时，谓语动词与pair的数保持一致。The pair of glasses fits you well.你戴这副眼镜很合适。Several pairs of new shoes have been sent to the old men.已经给这些老人寄去了好几双新鞋了。,3none，all，each，either，neither作主语。(1)none作主语指不可数名
4、词时，谓语动词用单数形式，但当none后接表示人或物的名词的复数时，谓语动词用单复数均可。None of the money in the drawer is his.抽屉里的钱没有一点是他的。None of the boys is/are from Shanghai.没有一个男孩是从上海来的。(2)all 修饰不可数名词表示单数概念时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果all修饰的是复数名词，谓语动词则用复数形式。All of the water is polluted.所有的水都被污染了。All of the students have arrived.所有的学生都已经到了。,(3)each，nei
5、ther，either等作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Either of them likes pop music.他们俩有一个喜欢流行音乐。Neither of them has worked out the problem.他们俩没有一个人算出这道题。Each of the students has a textbook.每个学生都有一本教科书。【注意】在“The students each have a textbook.”中，each作主语the students的同位语，谓语动词不受其影响。,4neither.nor.，not.but.，either.or.，not only.b
6、ut also.连接并列主语时，谓语动词与其邻近的主语保持一致。Neither the children nor the mother likes this kind of music.孩子们和妈妈都不喜欢这种音乐。Either you or I am to blame.你或我该受到责备。Not only you but also she is entirely wrong.不但是你而且她也完全错了。,5其他(1)主语后有as well as，with，rather than，but，like等短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式不受这些短语的影响。The teacher with his stude
7、nts is going there on foot.老师和他的学生们要步行去那里。(2)many a和more than one后加单数名词表示复数意义，但谓语动词用单数形式。Many a way has been tried.已尝试过多种方法了。(3)表示单一概念的不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Swimming in this river is very dangerous.在这条河里游泳很危险。,【注意】what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。What the poor need most is t
8、he ambition to become rich.穷人最需要的是发财的雄心。What we need are qualified teachers.我们需要的是合格的教师。,(4)表示“总量”或“总和”的时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。Twenty thousand dollars is a large amount of money.两万美元是很大的一笔钱。(5)分数、百分数或rest等作主语，根据其所代表的具体事物判断谓语动词的单复数形式。The rest of money has been saved.剩余的钱已经存了起来。The rest of the
9、 books were put on the shelf.剩余的书放到了架子上。,(6)There be 句型中，be动词的单复数与最靠近的名词保持一致。There is a desk and four chairs in the room.屋子里有一张桌子和四把椅子。(7)由and连接的两个词指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。The bread and butter is served for breakfast.早餐供应黄油面包。The professor and poet is going to give us a talk.那个教授兼诗人要给我们作个报告。,(8
10、)凡是由each.and each.，every.and every.，no.and no.，many a.and many a.连接名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company.在我们公司每个人都有机会得到提拔。Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。Many a boy and many a girl has seen it.许许多多的男孩和女孩都已看到它了。,语法专项训练,
