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1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 必修1,Earthquakes,Unit 4,Section Learning about Language,Unit 4,观察下列句子，写出黑体词(关系代词)所指代的词及在定语从句中所作的成分A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses,roads and canals.(指代_，作_)Then later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as s
2、trong as the first one shook Tangshan.(指代_，作_)I dont know the girl whom you talked to just now.(指代_，作_),The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.(指代_，作_)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.(指代_，作_)答案：crack；主语quake；主语the girl；宾语people；主
3、语survivors；定语,一、基础点拨1定义及分类。,This is the film which/that created a great sensation.(which/that在定语从句中作主语)这就是那部引起很大轰动的电影。The book(which/that)they sent me is very good.(which/that在定语从句中作宾语)他们寄给我的书非常好。The man who/that stole your car has been arrested.(who/that在定语从句中作主语)偷你汽车的人已经被捕获了。,The man(whom/that)I s
4、aw told me to come here.(whom/that在定语从句中作宾语)我见到的那个人让我到这里来。Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.(whose在定语从句中作定语)请把黑色封面的字典递给我。,名师点津(1)关系代词that可指人，可与关系词which/who/whom互换，但是不可直接放在介词的后面作宾语。(2)作宾语或表语时who与whom可互换，若紧跟在介词后面则使用whom；whom在从句中不作主语。(3)关系代词作宾语时可省略(与介词连用时除外)。(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于
5、先行词。,(5)如果whose所修饰的是无生命的名词，常可用“the名词ofwhich(指物)”或“ofwhichthe名词”代替“whose名词”。This is the office in which I used to work.这就是我过去工作过的办公室。This is the building whose windows(the windows of which/of which the windows)were all painted green.这就是窗户都被漆成绿色的那幢楼。,二、难点突破关系词只用that，而不用which或who的情况：1当先行词为all,everythin
6、g,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。2当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most beautiful park that I have visited.这是我游览过的最漂亮的公园。,3当先行词被the only，the very,the last修饰时。Chatting was the only thing that interested her.聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。4当先行词既指人，
7、又指物时。She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。,5当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?站在门口的那个人是谁？6当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海已不是过去那个样子了。,名师点津如何选用关系代词？第一步：找准先行词，初步确定所用关系
8、词。第二步：正确分析先行词与定语从句中谓语动词的关系，从而验证所选关系词的正确性。如果发现先行词在从句中作状语，就应选用关系副词。第三步：验证定语从句中的主谓一致性。关系代词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。例如：,He is the only one of the students who knows English.(先行词是the only one,后面定语从句谓语用knows)他是唯一懂英语的学生。He is one of the students who know English.(先行词是the students,后面定语从句谓语用know)他是懂英语的
9、学生之一。,.语法单句填空1John is the boy _ legs were badly injured in the accident.答案：whose考查定语从句。句意：那个在车祸中腿严重受伤的男孩是约翰。先行词the boy和legs是所属关系。whose在从句作legs的定语。2You might search on the Internet for comments or news stories about this school _ may interest you.答案：that/which考查定语从句。句意：你可以在网上搜寻你感兴趣的关于这所学校的评论和新闻报道。分析从
10、句成分可知关系代词在从句中作主语。,3The most interesting book _ I want to read is Howls moving castle.答案：that考查定语从句。句意：我想读的最有趣的书是哈尔的移动城堡。先行词book被形容词的最高级修饰，应用关系代词that，而不用which。4The engineer _ my father works with is about 50 years old.答案：whom/who考查定语从句。句意：和我父亲一起工作的那个工程师大约50岁了。分析从句成分可知，从句中缺少with的宾语，先行词为the engineer。,5
11、Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago?答案：that/which考查定语从句。句意：你还记得我们三个月前参观过的养鸡场吗？先行词为the chicken farm，从句中visit缺宾语，故应用关系代词。6Effective measures _ will prevent the spread of the new disease should be taken in time.答案：that/which考查定语从句。句意：应该及时采取有效的措施来阻止这种新疾病的蔓延。先行词为effective
12、 measures，从句中缺主语。,7They talked about their classmates and things _ they still remembered in middle school.答案：that考查定语从句。句意：他们谈论了他们依然记得的中学的同学和事情。先行词为classmates and things，先行词表示人和物，关系代词用that而不用which。8The Sound of Music is the first English film _ I have ever seen.答案：that考查定语从句。句意：音乐之声是我看过的第一部英语电影。先行词是
13、English film，前面有序数词the first修饰，故关系词用that而不用which。,9Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.答案：who；who考查定语从句。句意：一天喝两杯咖啡的妇女患心脏病的几率比不喝咖啡的妇女要高。此句中包含两个定语从句，且关系词在定语从句中都作主语，不能省略。10In the end,she decided to sell the house _ windows wer
14、e almost all broken.答案：whose考查定语从句。句意：最后，她决定把窗户几乎都坏了的房子卖掉。先行词the house和windows是所属关系，whose在从句中作定语。whose windowsof which the windows。,11The increased monthly pay will benefit more than 23 million migrant workers _ are currently employed in Guangdong Province.答案：who考查定语从句。句意：月薪的增加将会让2,300多万在广东省打工的流动工人受
15、益。先行词为more than 23 million migrant workers，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词who。12Bears often hide themselves in places _ cant be found by hunters.答案：that/which考查定语从句。句意：熊经常把自己藏在猎人发现不了的地方。先行词是places，从句中缺少主语，故应用关系代词that或which。,13The reason _ she gave for her being late was _ she was caught in a traffic jam.答案：that/whic
16、h；that考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：她给出的迟到的原因是她遇到了交通堵塞。the reason是先行词，且在从句中作gave的宾语，故应用关系代词。第二个空是表语从句的引导词，且从句中不缺成分，故应用that。,14Do you have anything _ you want to say at the meeting?答案：that考查定语从句关系词的选择。句意：在会议上你还有什么要说的吗？先行词是不定代词anything，从句中缺少say的宾语。15Do you know the man _ the little girl is turning to for help?答案：who
17、m/who句意：你知道小女孩正在寻求帮助的那个人是谁吗？,.选用合适的关系代词填空1The boy _ saved your grandma is my neighbor.2He is the man _ I saw yesterday.3The book _ I bought yesterday is on English grammar.4Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?5All _ can be eaten has been eaten up.6This is the biggest laboratory _ we have ever b
18、uilt in our school.,7The first place _ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.8It is the day _ Ill never forget.9The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace.10Is there anyone in your class _ family is in the country?答案：1.who/that2.that/who/whom3.that/which4.that5.that6.that7.that8.which/that9.which/that10whose,
