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1、正反、反正表达法Affirmative&Negative Expressions in Translation,2,1.What is Affirmation?What is Negation?,英语中带no,not,none,nothing,nowhere,nobody,never,neither,nor等否定词，或non-,un-,im-,in-,ir-,dis-,non-,-less等否定词缀的词句，汉语中含有“不”、“没有”、“无”、“非”、“未”、“否”、“休”、“勿”、“别”、“莫”、“毋”等成分的词句，都称为反说或者称为否定。相反，英汉语中不含这些成分的词句称为正说，即肯定。,3
2、,2.Negative in English,but Affirmative in Chinese or Affirmative in English,but Negative in Chinese,anxiety不知所措be fatally ill不成功life sentencesafe and sound不久staff only油漆未干请勿倒置请勿践踏草坪,焦虑不安at a loss不治之症failure无期徒刑安然无恙soon闲人免入wet paintkeep uprightkeep off the grass,4,1.You cannot be too careful when you
3、 drive a car.你开车要十分小心。2.He is no richer than I.他和我一样穷。3.There is nothing like health.健康是最重要的。4.I cant wait to see you again.我真希望能早点再见到你。5.He was the last man to say such things.他决不会说这样的话。6.Haste makes waste.欲速则不达,5,6,如何翻译?,我们做鸡是对的？我们做鸡正点耶 我们就是做鸡的。我们有做鸡的权利。我们只做鸡的右半边 我们可以做鸡，对吧！我们行使了鸡的权利 我们只做右边的鸡.我们让鸡向
4、右看齐 我们只做正确（正版）的鸡！我们只做正确的 我们一定要把鸡打成右派！实际上是说：“麦当劳做的是盗版”我们做的是“右派”的鸡（麦当劳做的是,只有朝右才是好鸡吧！我们有鸡的权利 我们做鸡做地很正确 我们只做正版鸡。只有我们可以做鸡！我们公正的作鸡！我们的材料是正宗的鸡肉！我们“正在”做鸡好不好.右面的鸡才是最好的 向右看，有鸡“左派”的鸡！）我们做的是半边烧鸡腿！我们只做右撇子鸡（要吃左撇子鸡请去麻荡老）,正确译文：炸鸡，我们真不赖！,7,滴滴香浓，意犹未尽,8,不求今日拥有，但求天长地久。（青岛电视）Choose once and choose for goodAsk for More（百
5、事流行鞋）渴望无限,9,表达转换译法亦称“正说反译法”、“正反译法”、“反正、正反表达法”，即以“正”译“反”或以“反”译“正”来表达原语的内容。,正反、反正表达法Affirmative&Negative Expressions in Translation,10,英语中有一些否定句，可根据词句的涵义、逻辑关系，按汉语表达习惯，把否定译肯定，才符合汉语思维和行文习惯。,反话正说，否定译肯定,11,例1：An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself.【译文】机会难得。例2：Such things are of no rare occurrence.【
6、译文】这些事情经常发生。,12,例3：No man can have too much knowledge and practice.【译文】知识和实践越多越好。例4：Thats not a man that lives who does not know his god-like hours.(William Wordsworth)【译文】凡是活在世上的人都曾有过神仙般的几段绝好时光。（双重否定表示强烈肯定）,13,例5：The significance of these incidents wasnt lost on us.【译文】这些事引起了我们的重视。例6：He has no smal
7、l chance of success.【译文】他大有成功的可能。例7：Nothing is useless to man.【译文】样样东西都有用。（双重否定用来表示强烈肯定）,14,例8：The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him amid his tribulation.【译文】在苦难中，重返故土的想法始终在他心头萦绕。,15,课堂互动1：翻译句子，注意否定译肯定,1These scientists could not believe the two Curies more.【译文】这些科学家完全相信居里夫妇
8、。2John can be relied on;he eats no fish and plays the game.【译文】约翰为人可靠，忠诚又正直。3No one has nothing to offer to society.【译文】人人对社会都有所贡献。（双重否定用来表示强烈肯定）,16,3Students,with no exception,are to hand in their papers this afternoon.【译文】今天下午，学生统统要交上书面作业。4Styles come and go,but good taste is timeless.【译文】文风随时在变，而
9、文雅是永恒的。5All the articles are untouchable in the museum.【译文】博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。6Mexico City is an earthquake zone and earth tremors are not unusual.【译文】墨西哥城市在地震区，地震颤动很正常。,17,英语中有一些句子，句式是肯定句，意义却是否定的。可根据词句的涵义，按汉语表达习惯，肯定译否定，通顺自然，语言地道。,正话反说，肯定译否定,18,例1：The window refuses to open.【译文】窗户打不开。例2：It is a wise fathe
10、r that knows his own child.【译文】聪明的父亲也未必了解自己的儿子。“it be+adj.+n.+that”It is good workman that never blunders.智者千虑，必有一失。It is a long lane that has no turning.路必有弯，事必有变。,19,例4：She refrained from laughing.【译文】她忍住没有笑。例5：The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.【译文】我走在厚厚的地毯上一点儿声音也没有。,20,例6：The purs
11、uit of science withdraws interest from external things.【译文】科学家由于致力于科学研究，对外界事物总是不感兴趣。例7：My guess is as good as yours.【译文】我的猜测并不比你的高明。,21,例8：In the grave the rich and the poor lie equal.【译文】人死后即无贫富之差别。例9：We live meagerly,but at the same time,we blessed in many ways.【译文】我们生活并不富裕，但同时在很多方面又是很幸运的。,22,课堂互动
12、2：翻译句子，注意肯定译否定,1She was refused admittance by them.【译文】他们不让她进去。2His noble deeds are above all praise.【译文】他的高尚行为是赞扬不尽的。3The mistake escaped me.【译文】我没注意到这个错误。4The truth is quite other than what you think.（other than=not,anything but）【译文】事实真相与你想的完全不同。,23,正反译法是一个很有用的翻译技巧，虽然说法变了，意思还是原来的。之所以要改变，主要是由于词语之间的
13、关系、句式的变化、习惯表达等方面的因素。“正话反说，反话正说”是提高译文水平的有效方法之一。,24,Practice,1、肯定译否定，更能传神达意,例1：In the high altitude snow and ice remain all the year.【译文】海拔高的地方，冰雪常年不化。例2：The explanation is pretty thin.【译文】这个解释很不详细。例3：Slips are scarcely avoidable when youre new to your work.【译文】工作没有经验，出点差错，在所难免。例4：There have always be
14、en more books than anyone could read.【译文】任何人都不能读尽天下之书。,25,例5：It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.【译文】他无权签订这个合同。例6：Yet the process of achieving gender equality is still an ongoing one.【译文】然而争取男女平等的过程仍然是一项未竟之业。,26,2 否定译肯定，更能表达原文涵义,例1：Dont lose time in posting the letter.【译文】赶快把信发出去。例2：Ther
15、e is nothing unexpected about it.【译文】一切在意料之中。例3：I could not feel better.【译文】我感觉很好。例4：Nothing can live without water.【译文】万物皆靠水生存。例6：It leaves nothing to be desired.【译文】这已完美无缺。例7：This fresh air will do you no harm after you being in the house all day.【译文】在屋里呆了一整天之后，吸吸新鲜空气对你大有好处。,27,例5：A book may be co
16、mpared to your neighbour;if it is good,it can not last too long;if bad,you cannot get rid of it too early.【译文】一本书可比作邻居；如果好，结识愈久愈好；如果不好，分手愈早愈好。,28,例8：Youve automatically arranged for a reward if you comply with your commitment and a punishment if you dont.【译文】一旦实现承诺，你自然会得到奖励；如果食言，面临的就是惩罚。,29,课堂互动3：注意
17、正反内涵意义,1She is past hope of recovery.【译文】她没有康复的希望了。2He aims at inhuman perfection in everything he does.【译文】他做任何事情都指望达到超人的完美。3The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanation.【译文】虽然他一再解释，疑团依然存在。4In all my travel I had yet to see a place as beautiful as the West Lake.【译文】我所到之处还未见过像西湖这样美的地方
18、。,A.翻译下列句子,30,课堂互动：注意正反内涵意义,5You ought to know better than to go out in this cold weather in those thin summer shoes;no wonder your feet got cold.【译文】你应该知道，这样冷的天气不可以穿着那样一双夏天的单鞋到外面去，你不冻脚才怪呢。know better than:很懂得（而不至于）；明白事理而不至于,A.翻译下列句子,31,课堂互动：注意正反内涵意义,1Man is not born to die.A人生下来就是要活下去。B人生下来不是要死。2He
19、 will certainly come unless he is ill.A只要他没有病倒，就一定会来的。B除非他病倒，他就一定会来的。3John was a fool for danger.A.约翰对危险是傻子。B.约翰天不怕地不怕。,B.正误判断,32,课堂互动：注意正反内涵意义,4Such a chance was denied me.A我被这样一个机会给拒绝了。B我没有得到这样一个机会。5.She is just like a man.A她刚好像个男人。B她一点也不像个女人。,B.正误判断,33,课堂互动：注意正反内涵意义,6I deserve it.I deserve that t
20、hey should know.I am too silly to be alive.(E.M.Forster:The Celestial Omnibus)A“真是的！我应该让他们知道这件事。我真是傻得该死。”B“真是的！我应该让他们知道这件事。我傻得不能活。”,B.正误判断,34,课堂互动：注意正反内涵意义,7Africa is not kicking out Western imperialism in order to invite other new masters.A非洲不踢出西方帝国主义为了请进其他新的主子。B非洲踢出西方帝国主义并不是为了请进其他新的主子。,B.正误判断,35,课
21、堂互动：注意正反内涵意义,8The significance of these incidents wasnt lost on us.A这些事件引起了我们的重视。B 这些事件不是对我们不起作用。,B.正误判断,36,课堂互动：注意正反内涵意义,9I believe then that I would die there,and I saw with a terrible clarity the things of the valley below.They were not the less beautiful to me.(N.S.Momaday:The End of my Childhood)A这时我觉得我要死在那儿了，下面山谷里的景致却看得异常清晰。在我看来，这些景致依然那样美丽。B这时我觉得我要死在那儿了，而下面山谷里的景致却看得异常清晰。在我看来，这些景致并不是不美丽。,B.正误判断,37,课堂互动：注意正反内涵意义,10Catch her telling lies again!A 她再也不敢说谎了。B 她正在说谎让人给逮住了。正确答案：1A 2A 3B 4B 5B 6A 7B 8A 9A 10A,B.正误判断,38,谢谢,Thank you for your attending,
