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1、,Language and Culture,Warm-up,I,In a physics class Professor:What is matter?Students:Never mind.Professor:Then what is mind?Students:It doesnt matter.,English to Chinese Translation,Version I 教授：什么是物质呀？学生：非精神也。教授：什么是精神呢？学生：不是物质，就是精神。,Version II,教授：什么是物质呀？学生：没什么要紧的啦!教授：什么是精神呢？学生：没什么关系的啦!Can your tran
2、slation be as humorous as the original?,Changes in certain aspects of cultures especially in the area of behavior and customs,can occur rapidly.Changes in the underlying values,e.g.in ways of looking at the world,tend to be much slower.,李安导演的电影就说明了在文化冲击下,人们在中西/新旧文化中的徘徊和坚守,what we can see about cultu
3、res is just the tip of the iceberg,II.Cultural Differences,2.1.Theoretical Background2.2.Color Terms in Chinese and English2.3.Animal Words in English and Chinese,Theoretical Background,Cultural Differences of Languages 1.Lexical Level 2.Pragmatic Level 3.Discoursal Level 4.Stylistic Level,Culturall
4、y Loaded Words文化负载词(Cultural Loading Words),1.是指标志某种文化中特有事物的词组和短语.2.文化负载词是反映一个国家、一个民族特有的文化和历史的一些词汇.,2.2 Color Terms in Chinese and English,Group Work 1.红糖 2.红茶 3.眼红 4.开门红 5.红白喜事,1.brown sugar2.black-tea3.green-eyed4.to begin well,to make a good start5.weddings and funerals,1.清白 2.白眼 3.青天 4.背黑锅 5.黄色书
5、刊,1.pure/clean/stainless2.supercilious look3.blue sky4.be made a scapegoat/be unjustly blamed5.filthy books,blue booka blue Mondaya white liea green woundred-letter days,蓝皮书（美）刊载知名人士的书倒霉的星期一善意的谎言新伤，未痊愈的伤口喜庆的日子,Translating the Underlined Part,1)Hes just a green recruit fresh from college2)I tried to
6、call her many times but she was in a brown study and didnt hear me3)One day,out of the blue,a girl rang up and said she was my sister 4)The new office block has unfortunately become an expensive white elephant,5 Mary was always regarded as the black sheep of the family6)I got some black looks from t
7、he shopkeeper when I cancelled my order.7)It may cost over a week to go through all the red tape to get permission8)He based his judgment on yellow journalism,yellow journalism指不择手段的夸张，渲染以招揽或影响读者的黄色新闻编辑作风。如突出社会丑闻，把普通新闻写得耸人听闻，有时甚至歪曲事实以引起轰动等。,Exercise,Work together to make a tentative summary of the p
8、otential cultural implications of the following color terms.Red Yellow Green Blue Black White,Sharing Knowledge:Language as an environment,Chinese Zodiac,mouse,ox,tiger,snake,dragon,rabbit,Chinese Zodiac,horse,sheep,dog,pig,rooster,monkey,越南人有十二个生肖，与中国人的生肖基本相同。只是中国有“兔”无“猫”，越南则有“猫”无“兔”。印度人有十二个生肖，与中国人
9、的生肖基本相同。只是中国有“虎”无“狮”，印度则有“狮”无“虎”。埃及人有十二个生肖，分别是：牡牛、山羊、猴子、驴、蟹、蛇、犬、猫、鳄、红鹤、狮子、鹰。希腊人有十二个生肖，与埃及人的生肖基本相同，只是希腊人有“鼠”无“猫”，埃及人则有“猫”无“鼠”。墨西哥人有十二个生肖，有虎、兔、龙、猴、狗、猪和其它六种墨西哥特有的动物组成十二生肖。,12 zodiac animals,Favorite Animals,Chinese:Crane,cat,rabbit,ox,horse,panda,swan,peacock,gold fish,birdsEnglish:Dog,cat,horse,birds,
10、sheep,Reading I,How is Language Related to Culture,1 Culture and language are intertwined and shape each other,1)If we select language without being aware of the cultural implications,we may at best not communicate well and at worst send the wrong message2)The words in themselves do not carry the me
11、aning which comes out of the context,the cultural usage,2 Language reflects the environment in which we live3 Additionally,language reflects cultural values4 To communicate concepts effectively,cultural knowledge is as important as linguistic knowledge,5 Communication across cultures and languages i
12、s difficult and full of hurdles and pitfall,III.Identifying Difference,3.1 Denotations and Connotations3.2 Kinship terms and more,Lexical Level,Denotations:the meanings that relate it to the objects or concepts refers to,the actual or fictional things that are symbolized.(Dictionary meaning)Connotat
13、ions:refer to the additional meaning that a word or phrase has beyond its central meaning.(Associated meaning),Lexical Cultural Difference,1.Words with the same denotational and connotational meaning(Sun,Dove,Fox)2.Words with the same denotational but different connotational meanings(Owl,Cricket,Wil
14、low)3.Words with different denotational and connotational meanings(Dragon,Propaganda,Intellectual),Kinship Terms,Consider the following Chinese terms:叔叔 伯伯 舅舅 姨夫 姑父 阿姨 姑姑 舅母 婶婶 小姨子 大嫂 小舅子 小叔子 妹夫 婆婆公公岳母岳父 表兄弟堂兄弟表姐妹堂姐妹 连襟妯娌,Problems in Intercultural Understanding,A.林黛玉的母亲是贾宝玉的姑母，贾宝玉的母亲是林黛玉的舅母，又是薛宝钗的姨母
15、。B.Three cousins of the French President were also to receive diamonds.,Different Connotational Meanings of the Word“Dog”,1.watchdog 监察人监察团2.Love me,love my dog爱屋及乌3.Every dog has his day.人人皆有得意日4.Be as faithful as a dog.效犬马之劳5.An old dog will learn no new tricks.(=You cannot teach old dogs new tric
16、ks.)谚老狗学不了新把戏;老年人很难适应新事物。,6.Hes top dog in the office.佼佼者，优胜者7.Give a dog a bad name and hang him.谚一旦给人加一个坏名声,他就永远洗刷不掉;人言可畏。跳进黄河也洗不清 8.My aunt,always happy to help a lame dog over a stile.济人之急,帮助人渡过难关(通常指金钱上的帮助),1.狗胆包天:monstrously audacious2.狗急跳墙:a cornered beast will do something desperate 3.狼心狗肺:c
17、ruel and unscrupulous;brutal and cold-blooded;heartless and ungrateful4.狗仗人势:like a dog threatening people on the strength of its masters power,that is be a bully with the backing of a powerful person5.狗皮膏药:dogskin plaster quack medicine,6.狗头军师:a person who offers bad advice;villainous adviser 7.狗血喷
18、头:let loose a stream of abuse against somebody8.狗尾续貂:a dogs tail joined to sable a wretched sequel to a fine work 9.狗咬狗:dog-eat-dog10.狗腿子:hired thug;lackey henchman,11.狗屁:shit12.狗崽子:son of a bitch13.狗拿耗子多管闲事:poke ones nose into other peoples business14.狗嘴里吐不出象牙来:a filthily mouth can not utter decent
19、 language15.落水狗:a bad person who is down,Activity:Idioms,1.face the music:accept the criticism,unpleasant consequence that follow a decision of his own.用于承担后果2.play the game:do something in a fair and honorable way.按章办事，遵守规则,3.Its raining cats and dogs:Its raining heavily.4.put ones foot in ones mou
20、th;someone blunders by saying something he should not have.失言,Translate the following English idioms into Chinese:1.lick somebodys boots:2.sit at somebodys feet.3.have a big mouth4.a piece of cake.5.carry coals to Newcastle,拍马屁,寄人篱下,夸夸其谈,小菜一碟,画蛇添足,6.at sixes and sevens7.the pot calling the kettle8.D
21、utch courage9.castles in Spain10.the kiss of death,乱七八糟,五十步笑百步,酒壮菘人胆,白日做梦,帮倒忙,Translate the following ten Chinese idioms into English1.守口如瓶2.打退堂鼓3.雷声大，雨点小4.大海捞针5.黔驴技穷,button ones lip,draw in ones horns,much cry and little wool,look for a needle in a hay stack,at ones wits,6.四面楚歌7.半斤八两8.张三李四9.临时抱佛脚10
22、.道高一尺，魔高一丈,besieged on all sides,the pot calling the kettle black,the man in the street,seek help at the last moment,the more illumination,the more temptation,proverbs,1.Many hands make light work:2.Its no use crying over split milk.3.Where there is smoke there is fire.,众人拾柴火焰高,覆水难收,无风不起浪,4.Birds of
23、 a feather flock together.5.Idleness is the root of all evil.6.There is no rose without a thorn.,物以类聚,一懒生百邪,甘瓜苦蒂 物无全美,7.All good things must come to an end.8.The proof of the pudding is in the eating.9.Live and let live.,天下没有不散的宴席,亲身下河知深浅,得饶人处且饶人,10.As you sow,so you reap.11.Other countries,other manners.12.What we lose on the swings,we gain on the roundabouts.,种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆,十里不同俗,失之东隅，收之桑榆,slang,taboo words and euphemisms.,Slang:1.dead duck-complete failure2.no-diveimpossible3.dumdum-idiot4.hotpopular5.goes bananasis angry,6.freaking outlosing control7.hit it offhave a good e it-behave rudely,
