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1、Wheels and tyres,车轮和轮胎,wheel wil 车轮 tyre tai 轮胎 hub hb 轮毂 nave neiv 轮辐 wheel wi:l rim rim 轮辋 bead bi:d 胎圈 belts belts 带束层 sidewall saidw:l 胎壁 tread tred 胎面,New words&phrases,width wid 宽度 aspect spekt ratio reiiu 扁平比 load lud 负荷 load rating 载重指数 speed spi:d 速度 diameter daimit 直径 inch int 英寸 1英寸=2.54
2、厘米,Function,Walking parts 行走部件They are connected to the axles and are in contact with the road surface.They rotate around the axles and roll on the road.车轮和车胎连接车轴，接触地面，可以绕车轴转动并在地面滚动。,The tires and wheels must support the vehicle weight firstly.The tires are also required to change the vehicle direct
3、ion while the vehicle is in motion.轮胎和车轮首先要能支撑车和装载的重量，同时要求在汽车行进时轮胎能够改变汽车的行驶方向。,Wheels,Function:Support the vehicle 支承整车；Cushion of shocks from road surface缓和由路面传来的冲击；Provide driving and braking force by adhesion of tires and road surface通过轮胎与路面间存在的附着作用产生驱动力和制动力；,Components Wheel rim 轮辋 Hub 轮毂 wheel
4、nave 轮辐,轮毂,Tyres,The tyre provides a cushion between the vehicle and the road to reduce the transmission of road shocks.轮胎在汽车和路面之间作为垫带以衰减汽车在行驶时产生的振动。It also provides friction to allow the vehicle to perform its normal operations.同时它还提供了汽车正常行驶时所需要的摩擦力。,Tyre types,Two types of tyre construction are co
5、mmon:radial-ply(R)&cross-ply（Bias tire B)子午线轮胎 VS 斜交轮胎 Radial-ply tire:1946 Michelin of France soft sidewall&runs cooler than a cross-ply tire and longer tread life 散热性能好，可适应高温、高速行驶，胎面使用寿命长 Bias-ply tire:stiff sidewall&make tires run at high temperature 胎体牢固平稳，胎侧相对坚硬，产生摩擦和热量，高温运转，易磨损。,子午线轮胎,斜交轮胎,Tyr
6、e structure,Bead(胎圈）：Steel cable coated with rubber 高强度的并涂有橡胶的钢丝圈Belts(带束层）：reinforce the area under the tread 加固胎面下方区域，防刺穿Body（胎体）：several layers of fabrics 胎体由几层不同的织物组成，(ply 帘布层）Tread（胎面）：rubberSidewall(胎侧）：lateral stability&protect the body plies and help keep the air from escaping 保证轮胎横向稳定性，保护胎体
7、帘布层并防止漏气,Most car tires have two body plies.大多数车用轮胎有两层胎体帘布层。,Tyre ratings,A tyre rating is printed on the sidewall of every tyre.Its a series of numbers and letters that give you important information about the tyre.,轮胎规格,Tire type,P-passenger vehicle tyre 客车轮胎LT-light truck 轻型卡车T-temporary or spare
8、 tires 备胎,Tyre width 轮胎宽度,Measured from sidewall to sidewall 两胎侧之间的距离In millimeters(mm)以毫米为单位,Aspect ratio扁平比/高宽比,H/W（）；The smaller the aspect ratio,the wider the tyre in relation to its height.扁平比越小，相对于轮胎高度，宽度就越大。,目前常见的扁平率有：80、70、65、60、55、50、45；轮胎的发展方向是扁平化,rim diameter 轮辋直径,以英寸(inch)为单位 1英寸=2.54 厘米
9、,Tread wear 磨耗级数,The number comes from testing the tyre in controlled conditions on a government test track.由官方在特定的试验场地按标准条件测试得出。The higher the number,the longer the tread can last.（数值越高，胎面使用寿命越长）E.g:某轮胎磨耗等级为200，则表示它在官方指定的试验场地上比等级100的轮胎可以多跑一倍的时间。但实际上轮胎的磨耗等级与使用条件有关，如：路况、气候条件等。Attention:磨耗级数只能适用于同一制造商
10、的产品进行比较，不同品牌不能予以比较。,Traction 抓地级数,AA、A、B、CThe tyres ability to stop a car on wet concrete and asphalt 该指数是基于轮胎在湿的混凝土和沥青上的制动能力AA、A(good traction,short braking distance and safe ride 抓地力好，可以减少刹车距离，让行驶更安全),Temperature 温度级数,A.B.CThe rating is a measure of how well the tyre dissipates heat and how well i
11、t handles the buildup of heat.这个数值是轮胎的散热性能和耐热性能的标准。（夏天，如果轮胎的温度级数不够，容易爆胎）,Load rating 载重指数,The maximum permitted load for the tyre,Speed rating 速度指数,The maximum permitted speed for the tyre 允许轮胎达到的最高速度,1.tyre width in millimeters2.aspect ratio3.radial tyre 4.diameter of the wheel rim 5.the maximum pe
12、rmitted load 6.the maximum permitted speed,1 轮胎宽度,2 扁平比,3 子午线轮胎,4 轮辋直径,5 最大载重量,6 最高允许行使速度,客车用轮胎,Tread patterns（轮胎花纹）,轮胎花纹不仅是轮胎外观漂亮与否的决定因素，而且更关系到是否能够充分发挥轮胎的 牵引、制动、转弯、排水及噪音等性能。,横向花纹（transverse pattern),纵向花纹（circumferential pattern),纵横混合花纹(mixed pattern),轮胎上的纵向花纹主要起到快速排水的作用，但其会导致轮胎的抓地能力不足；而轮胎上的横向花纹拥有较高
13、的抓地能力，但排水能力及导向性不好.目前混合花纹轮胎被广泛运用于轿车，客车，货车等绝大数车辆上，是一种最省心的选择。,越野花纹(cross-country tread pattern),凹部深而粗，在软路面上与地面附着性好，越野能力强，适用于矿山、建筑工地以及其他一些松软路面使用的越野汽车轮胎。,光头胎（slicks),Racing-car tyre without patterns使用在干燥路面上的没有胎纹的赛车轮胎,没有排水沟槽以及其他任何花纹，所以它能够得到一条轮胎最大的接地面积。在干地抓干地路面上可以得到最大的摩擦力，从而让轮胎紧紧吸住地面。因为有如此之强的地能力，所以装配光头胎的赛车
14、能以更高的速度过弯。,也正因于此，FIA(国际汽车联合会）为了安全考虑，1998年之后禁止F1赛事使用光头胎，必须使用带有直沟花纹的轮胎。从而降低赛车过弯时的速度。,Brands of tyres 轮胎品牌,1889 France,1931 Japan,1898 America,1972 Italy,1888 Britain,Problems with tires,Unerinflation（充气不足）:wear more on the outside than the inside（外部磨损）;reduce fuel efficiency(降低燃料效能）；increase heat buil
15、dup（增加轮胎热量）,Overinflation(充气过多）:wear more in the center of the tread 胎面中心部位受损严重，胎面中间会鼓起来，这样汽车行走只会磨胎面的中间,1.How many plies do most car tires have?A.One B.Two C.Three 2.Which of the following aspect ratio would provide the greatest lateral stability?A.80%B.60%C.45%,3.What does“P”on side of a tire indicate?A.Proper inflation B.Passenger vehicle C.The tire brand 4.Which of the following is not casued by underinflation of tires?A.Increased heat buildup B.Skidding C.Reduced fuel efficiency 5.A tires strength is decided by _.A.tread B.sidewall C.plies of body,
