《(新高一)英语完型填空完美突破.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《(新高一)英语完型填空完美突破.ppt（42页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、,我的新高一 之英语完形填空,主讲人：杭林,01,02,03,自我介绍,高中英语的变化,完型填空,高中英语的变化,词汇：词汇由常用生活词汇扩展到大量核心词汇及认知词汇初中要求学生掌握3000词汇，而高中则要求达到4500词汇。词汇学习在高中英语学习中是一个重要部分，它渗透在英语学习的各个环节，包括听力、阅读、完型及作文，并且对词汇的理解与应用要求提高，不是只停留在记忆层面上。,例子：pool,游泳池拼车,How,多在生活中运用（颜值？）做个爱显摆的人（作文中运用）改变死记硬背的单词记忆，找到新的高效的方法（动态记忆法restaurant）家族通杀法（nationnationalinternat
2、ional）形似单词的区分（quietquite）,词组：词组之间的区别度越来越低，很多动词+介词模式的词组要求学生能明确区分，然而他们之间的相似度达到99%。且就某一个单独的词组，其含义不再是简单的一两种意思，而是多种，给学生的记忆带来很大的困难。,例子：pick up,1.拿起，拾起，捡起：2.(跌倒后)使(自己)起来，再爬起来：3.(尤指偶然地、无意地、不费劲地)得到；偶然获得，偶然找到；无意地学会(技术、语言、游戏等)；无师自通地学会；理解；懂得；意识到；注意到：4.停下来把带走；中途把带走：5.增加(速度或冲力)；增加的速度；(发动机)增速：6.(病后)恢复健康、体力等；好转：7.(
3、在广播、电视里)收听、收看到；(用雷达、探照灯等)看到，偶然发现：8.把(货物)装进车辆或船只；(车、船等)中途搭人(或货)：9.恢复的精神，振作(精神)，鼓起(勇气)：10.(生意)逐渐好转；使好起来：,pick up的多层意思：,故事大王：6-10-7-9-3-8-4-1-5-2,Continue(28),语法:由零碎语法转向系统语法，高中语法体系庞大，不再是初中死记硬背就能解决的。要通过自己的方法，使知识条理化、网络化。,例子：定语从句that和which的区别,先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可
4、以用关系代词who。被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，little，few everything，anything，none，等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。先行词被the only，the just,the very，the same，the one唯一，强调，等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。例如：先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句
5、用that，而不用which.,只能用that不能用which的情况,逻辑数字+吃货方法,写作：由独立的单句转向简洁的英文短语在语言表达上要求准确、语句流畅;在内容上要求有自己的思想和观点;在体裁上要求掌握多种体裁的写法，尤其是应用文作文。,例子：如今世界粮食短缺，价格飞涨，给部分地区造成社会动荡，以“world food crisis”为题进行研究，分析原因及解决措施。,准备一个作文葵花宝典，随时摘录好的表达。平时在做阅读理解和完型时，注意自己不会用的表达。背单词的时候多记例句。凡事多想为什么？累积一些模板句型，多思考磨练，形成自己的模板。对各种题材的作文要做到心中有数。,inputoutp
6、ut,阅读、完型：高中英语语言综合能力的培养，主要是通过大量阅读来实现的。阅读材料来自各个领域的知识，包括边缘学科知识及跨学科知识，同时又能体现时代性。,完型填空,1试题特点：1)题材方面：高考完形填空试题的选材很有特色，所选材料 内容积极、时尚、融知识性、教育性与趣味性为一体；材料难度适中，强调语篇分析和理解、结构搭配的连贯性。完型填空题主要以语境和逻辑为主。2)设空方面：完形填空的首句不设空，通常是文章的主题句，或是提示文章所要涉及的相关领域与体裁。2.考点特点：1）了解语境 2）词语辨析 3）跨文化交际知识和生活常识 4）固定搭配 5）行文逻辑推理,解题技巧,跳读首尾句进行预测利用语法分
7、析利用固定搭配利用固定句型利用复现信息利用跳读利用排除法利用逻辑关系利用背景常识利用对比结构利用平行结构利用暗示和对应根据文章感情色彩,高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when,where,who,what，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事;若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文;若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。,Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland.In an interview,s
8、he recalled how she became a percussion soloist(打击乐器独奏演员)in spite of her disability.根据首句给出的信息，下面我们可以猜想Evelyn Glennie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难，而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器，Evelyn Glennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。,跳读首尾句进行预测,完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题，考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词(组)的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。,_8_ I had b
9、een born in the 16th century,I would have had no job.A.Because B.While C.If D.Since【解析】根据后面的I had been born in the 16th century可知这只是个假设，是一个虚拟语气的条件句。故前面要用 if 引导。,利用语法分析,完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是不能随意改动的。所以，平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力，特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能
10、力。,They couldnt read or write.They didnt like to work and they never _12_ baths.A.took B.washed C.ran D.covered【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配take a bath，意为“洗澡”。,利用固定搭配,会考到一些固定句型，考生掌握好这些句型，对确定题目的答案很有帮助。,It wasnt long _18_the police caught the thief.A.after B.when C.before D.until【解析】It wasnt long before是常用句型，意为“不久就”
11、。这里说的是不久警察就把小偷捉到了。,利用固定句型,语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。,I put my head in,expecting the worst.But to my surprise,the room wasnt empty at all.It had furniture,curtains,a TV,and even paintings on the wall.And then on the well-mad
12、e bed sat Amy,my new _44_,dressed neatly.A.roommate B.classmate C.neighbor D.companion【解析】名词同现，空格前出现了room,furniture,curtains,a TV等同现信息可知坐在铺好的床上的是“我”的室友。,利用复现信息,一般而言，完形填空要填的20空中总有一些空是相对简单的。对于这类空格考生可以先将其确定下来，之后再逐个去突破其他空。跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做题时循规蹈矩地一个顺着一个地去完成。,“Visitors!”repeated Josh,wide-awake at once.H
13、e_1_ up and looked around.A short distance away,a group of_2_ stood quietly watching us.One of them _3_ walking toward us.We both jumped to our _4_ not knowing what to expect.1.A.sat B.stayed C.thought D.put2.A.pilots B.natives C.editors D.assistants3.A.avoided B.delayed C.began D.desired4.A.boat B.
14、car C.horses D.feet【解析】在通读全文的第一遍中，我们可以很容易地将第四空填出来，这是固定搭配jump to ones feet(跳起来);由此也可推出第三空的答案，因为有人开始向“我们”走了过来，所以“我们”才跳了起来;再根据第一空前面的wide-awake可知，此处指的应该是“我和Josh完全清醒，坐起来，环顾四周”，所以第一空的答案为A;最后，根据句首Visitors可推知第二空的答案为B。,利用跳读,如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案，可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用，缩小选择的范围，提高正确率。,The woman looked carefully a
15、t me _5_ through her glasses,and then questioned me in a low voice.A.as usual B.for a while C.in a minute D.once again【解析】这篇文章讲述的是没有工作经验的作者找到工作的故事。此题的解题关键词是carefully，既然是“认真地看”，就不会是in a minute(立刻、马上);既然互不相识，作者也未曾去找过工作，不会是as usual(像往常一样);前面没说已经打量过作者一次了，所以用once again(再一次)是不合理的。所以，答案只能是B.,利用排除法,所谓逻辑关系并不
16、缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落与段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。,(1)句中逻辑关系Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and_45_nitrogen.They are different in that their elements are arranged differently,and each vitamin performs
17、 one or more specific functions in the body.A.mostly B.partly C.sometimes D.rarely【解析】短文中的usually和and是本题逻辑推理的线索。And前后构成了并列关系，即and前的 usually carbon,hydrogen,oxygen 这些维生素成分和and 后面的 nitrogen 成分形成并列关系，相应修饰 carbon,hydrogen,oxygen 的usually必然和修饰 nitrogen 的45空的词构成一一对应的逻辑关系。鉴于此，在45空考虑填入的应是和usually相对应的频度副词。mo
18、stly 和partly都表示了部分、量的含义，与频度无关。rarely(很少地，罕有地)虽表示了频度关系，但其意义与usually相反，不符合一一对应的一致性，因此排除。只有C项sometimes(不时，有时)恰到好处地表示了and前后两部分的逻辑对应。故选C。,利用逻辑关系,(2)句间逻辑关系所谓逻辑关系并不抽象，它往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。当然，句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部，它还可以渗透到篇章的层面上，在句与句之间表现出来。如：Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash._13_
19、,she encourages them to get _14_ ways to do business.A.Still B.Yet C.Instead D.While【解析】根据前后句子的意思可推出两句间的逻辑关系是转折，意思是“Old Mr Cleveland把工人用带子捆绑起来(没有任何自由)，而她不那样，相反(instead)她鼓励雇员”。,(3)段间逻辑关系这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。Not everyone sees that process in perspective.It is important to do so.It is generally recogniz
20、ed,_29_,that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century,followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s,radically changed the process,although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent.A.indeed B.hence C.however D.therefore【解析】这个题出现在第二段的第一句，那么，从完形填空注重逻
21、辑关系的命题思路来看，我们优先考虑段落间的逻辑关系。前段末句意为“不是每个人都能够正确看待这个进程”。而第二段首句为“大家普遍认为”，显然这两者之间存在了逻辑意义上的相反，此处可能体现了一种转折关系。故选C。,有时文章中提供的信息还不够，还需要把读者头脑中储存的一般知识信息结合起来考虑，最后作出符合常识的最佳答案。,After _2_ the British flag at the Pole,they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back.A.growing B.putting
22、 C.planting D.laying【解析】根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案为plant。,利用背景常识,对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。,A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and_59_room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a smal
23、l,noisy room with the television on.A.furnished B.expensive C.comfortable D.suitable【解析】本题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的a small,noisy room with the television on存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案为C。,利用对比结构,平行结构指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联，语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。这些结构的形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密。,Companies with low acc
24、ident rates plan their safety programs,work hard to organize them,and continue working to keep them _42_ and active.A.alive B.vivid C.mobile D.diverse【解析】因空格处与and后面的active是平行的，所以答案为与active意思相近的alive。,利用平行结构,完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和单词的辨析、句子结构的考查等，但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。暗示与上下对应的思维方法，是突破此类完形填空最关键的思维方式。,.he w
25、ould join student groups to discuss a variety of _47_:agriculture,diving and mathematics.A.questions B.subjects C.matters D.contents【解析】此题后面的冒号部分有提示：agriculture，diving and mathematics是他们谈话讨论的话题，由此可得出本题的答案为B。,利用暗示和对应,在第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用。,I wa
26、s so surprised that I was _47_(speechless).My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape._48_(As a result),at the point in our game when Id have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor,it was _49_(instead)7 to 9 and Ed was 50(leading).【解析】surprised 一词道出了情况的转折，可以看到这时作者用词的转变。
27、made an effort，get into shape 等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择起到了很好的引导作用。speechless,instead 都是由惊讶得出的。,根据文章感情色彩,例题讲解1,When Dave was eighteen,he bought a secondhand car for 200 so that he could travel to and from work more_1_ than by bus.It worked quite well for a few years,but then it got so old,and it was costing h
28、im _2_much in repairs that he decided that he had better _3_it.He asked among his friends to see if anyone was particularly_ 4_ to buy a cheap car,but they all knew that it was falling to pieces,so_5_ of them had any desire to buy it.Daves friend Sam saw that he was _6_ when they met one evening,and
29、 said,“Whats _7_,Dave?”Dave told him,and Sam answered,“Well,what about advertising it in the paper?You may _8_more for it that way than the cost of the advertisement!”Thinking that Sams_9_was sensible(合理的),he put an advertisement in an evening paper,which read“For sale:small car,_10_ very little pet
30、rol,only two owners.Bargain at 50.”For two days after the advertisement first appeared,there was no _11_.But then on Saturday evening he had an enquiry(询问).A man rang up and said he would like to_12_ him about the car.“All right,”Dave said,feeling happy.He asked the man whether ten oclock the next m
31、orning would be_13_or not.“Fine,”the man said,“and Ill _14_my wife.We intend to go for a ride in it to _15_ it.”The next morning,at a quarter to ten,Dave parked the car in the square outside his front door,_16_ to wait there for the people who had_17_ his advertisement.Even Dave had to _18_that the
32、car really looked like a wreck(残骸).Then,soon after he had got the car as clean_19_ it could be,a police car stopped just behind him and a policeman got out.He looked at Daves car and then said,“Have you reported this _20_ to us yet,sir?”,例题讲解1,When Dave was eighteen,he bought a secondhand car for 20
33、0 so that he could travel to and from work more_1_ than by bus.It worked quite well for a few years,but then it got so old,and it was costing him _2_much in repairs that he decided that he had better _3_it.1.A.directly B.safely C.properly D.easily 2.A.so B.such C.very D.too3.A.keep B.repair C.sell D
34、.throw,1.easily表达更容易，他买车的主要目的是为了上下班方便。答案为D。9,2.so muchthat，如此多以致于，这是一个固定结构。too much不能和hat连用，我们经常使用tooto。答案为A。3,3.根据上文修理花费太多，所以就决定卖掉，而且下文也就是围绕卖车而展开的。答案为C。12,例题讲解1,He asked among his friends to see if anyone was particularly_ 4_ to buy a cheap car,but they all knew that it was falling to pieces,so_5_
35、of them had any desire to buy it.Daves friend Sam saw that he was _6_ when they met one evening,and said,“Whats _7_,Dave?”4.A.anxious B.lucky C.ashamed D.generous5.A.some B.neither C.none D.most 6.A.delighted B.upset C.calm D.astonished7.A.on B.up C.it D.that,4.be anxious to do sth急着干，Dave想了解是否有人急着买
36、车，因为他想卖掉自己的车。答案为A。5,5前面已经提到“it was falling to pieces”车很快要成碎片，所以没有人愿意买。neither主要用于两个人中没有一个，所以在这不合适。答案为C。12,6.upset表示“伤心的，难过的”。因为没人愿意买车，所以他很伤心。答案为B。12,7.“whats up”表示“怎么回事，发生了什么”。答案为B。4,例题讲解1,Dave told him,and Sam answered,“Well,what about advertising it in the paper?You may _8_more for it that way tha
37、n the cost of the advertisement!”Thinking that Sams_9_was sensible(合理的),he put an advertisement in an evening paper,which read“For sale:small car,_10_ very little petrol,only two owners.Bargain at 50.”8.A.learn B.miss C.get D.find 9.A.message B.advice C.request D.description 10.A.uses B.loses C.has
38、D.spends,8.“get”表示“得到”，在这儿是表示“你将得到的要比广告花费的多”。答案为C。3,9.advice表示“建议”，因为前面有一句“what about advertising it in the newspaper?”这本就是一种建议“在报纸上登广告怎么样?”答案为B。5,10.uses表示“使用”，在这里表示车很省油。B.loses表示“丢失”；B.has表示“有”；spends表示“花费时间、金钱、精力”。答案为A。3,例题讲解1,For two days after the advertisement first appeared,there was no _11_.
39、But then on Saturday evening he had an enquiry(询问).A man rang up and said he would like to_12_ him about the car.“All right,”Dave said,feeling happy.He asked the man whether ten oclock the next morning would be_13_or not.“Fine,”the man said,“and Ill _14_my wife.We intend to go for a ride in it to _1
40、5_ it.”11.A.doubt B.help C.trouble D.answer12.A.tell B.see C.agree D.call13.A.exact B.suitable C.early D.late 14.A.follow B.meet C.bring D.introduce 15.A.recognize B.gain C.admire D.test,11.no answer表示“回应”，表示广告登出去以后无人问津。A.doubt表示“怀疑”；B.help表示“帮助”；C.trouble表示“麻烦”，均不合题意。答案为D。3,12.这里表示来看车。答案为B。12,13.su
41、itable表示“合适的”，在这里是问第二天早上十点钟是否合适。答案为B。9,14.bring my wife表示把妻子带来。A.recognize表示“认出”；B.gain表示“获得，得到”C.admire表示“羡慕”，均不合题意。答案为C。3,15.“test”表示“测试”，买车的人将和妻子一道来测试一下车子。答案为D。5,例题讲解1,The next morning,at a quarter to ten,Dave parked the car in the square outside his front door,_16_ to wait there for the people w
42、ho had_17_ his advertisement.Even Dave had to _18_that the car really looked like a wreck(残骸).Then,soon after he had got the car as clean_19_ it could be,a police car stopped just behind him and a policeman got out.He looked at Daves car and then said,“Have you reported this _20_ to us yet,sir?”16.A
43、.happening B.meaning C.turning D.failing 17.A.read B.inserted C.answered D.placed 18.A.forget B.show C.disagree D.admit 19.A.as B.that C.so D.such 20.A.bargain B.sale C.accident D.result,16.“mean to”表示“打算做”在这儿是打算等买车的人。答案为B。3,17.“answer”在这里表示“回应”，就是指那个看了广告以后准备来看车的人。答案为C。12,18“admit”表示“承认”在这里表示他自己也不得不
44、承认自己的车看起来太旧了答案为D。8,19.这里是一个固定结构“asas”。答案为A。4,20.“accident”表示“事故”。答案为C。12,例题讲解2,In order to be a success in the American business world,you must“get along”with people.You must learn to conduct yourself in such a way _1_ you earn the affection and respect of others._2_ we have already pointed out,Amer
45、icans_3_ business and pleasure.Therefore,learning how to _4_ informally can be a help with your American business _5_.Americans like to talk about a _6_of different topicssports,politics,cars,popular movies and television shows and personal interests.Many large American cities have sports teams.If y
46、ou are _7_ with Americans in the United States,it would be a good idea to _8_out about the local sports teams so that you can _9_ in the almost inevitable discussions about“how our _10_ will do this year”.Politics can be a _11_ topic unless everyone is of the same mind _12_.Limit your discussions to
47、 asking questions of your friends.Most Americans are _13_ owners and some are even obsessive about the subject.You can contribute _14_talking about cars you have owned or by _15_ information you have read in automotive magazines.Americans watch television almost every night and attend movies regular
48、ly,_16_ naturally television shows and the _17_ movies become topics for discussions.If you are unable to _18_ American television or attend American movies,reading the _19_ section of such magazines as Time News week will keep you up to date on _20_is popular in America.,In order to be a success in
49、 the American business world,you must“get along”with people.You must learn to conduct yourself in such a way _1_ you earn the affection and respect of others._2_ we have already pointed out,Americans_3_ business and pleasure.1.A.which B.where C.as D.that 2.A.While B.Since C.As D.Because 3.A.mix B.en
50、joy C.like D.manage,例题讲解2,1.suchthat在此引导的是结果状语从句，意思为：你必须学会用这种方式指导你自己的行为以便能赢得他人的尊重。如用suchas就是定语从句，as作关系代词在从句中做主语或宾语。而此句不缺此成分。答案为D。4,2.As we have already pointed out表示：正如我们所指出的那样。as引导非限制性定语从句答案为C。2,3.mix business and pleasure意思是：把工作和娱乐混在一起。答案为A。11,例题讲解2,Therefore,learning how to _4_ informally can be
