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1、时间状语从句,1.when,while和as的用法(1)when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂性动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生。When I lived there,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。When the film ended,the people went back.电影一结束，看电影的人便回去了。,when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。,Tom was about to close the window wh
2、en his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。,(2)while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.别人在工作时，别高声谈话。(3)as引导一个持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生。John sings as he works.约翰一边工作，一边唱歌。【温馨提示】while引导的动作必须是持续性的。当我进来的时侯，他在和别人说话。While I came in,he was talking wi
3、th others.()When I came in,he was talking with others.()分析while和when都可引起时间状语从句，但是while不能与短暂性动作连用。,2.as soon as,the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,no sooner.than,hardly/scarcely.when.，immediately,directly,instantly的用法。这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一就”，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。The moment she a
4、rrives，we can start.她一到，我们就可以开始。No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我们一到车站火车就出发了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.男孩一看到他的母亲就哭了。,【温馨提示】hardly.when和no sooner.than的意义相当于as soon as，但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如果hardly或no sooner位于句首时，主句的主谓语要用部分倒装。辨析他们刚到车站汽车就开
5、动了。Scarcely they had reached the bus stop when the bus started.()Scarcely had they reached the bus stop when the bus started.()分析表示否定意义的hardly,scarcely,barely放在句首，要用倒装语序。,3.till,until和not.until的用法(1)在肯定句中，主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，意为“某动作一直延续到某点才停止”。You may stay here till/until the rain stops.你得在这里呆到雨停。(2)在否定句中
6、，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。He wont go to bed till(until)she returns.直到她回来他才睡。,(3)not.until句型中的强调和倒装说法。It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(强调句型)Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until 置于句首，主句要倒装),4.before和since的用法(1)连词before表示“还未就”，“不到就”，“才”，“趁还没来得及
7、”。Before they reached the station,the train had gone.他们(还没)到达火车站前，火车已经开走了。We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。Please write it down before you forget it.趁你现在没忘把它记下来。,(2)before的句型：It will be时间段 before从句，表示“多久之后才”。It will be half a year before I come back.半年后我才回来。It wont be long bef
8、ore we meet again.不久后我们将再见面。(3)since的句型：It is/has been时间段 since从句。若从句谓语为非延续性动词，表示“自从有多久”；若从句的谓语为延续性动词，表示“自从结束/完成起有多久”。It is three years since the war broke out.战争爆发以来，有三年了。It is three years since he lived here.他不在这儿住已经有三年了。,5.every time,each time,next time,the first time,any time,all the time的用法 这些短
9、语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当”，“每次；下次”等。Every time I meet her I always forget her name.每次我见到她时，我总忘了她的名字。Next time you come,do remember to bring your son here.下次你来时，记住把你的儿子带来。You are welcome to come back any time you want to.你想回来随时可以回来。,【温馨提示】在时间状语从句中，不能用一般将来时或过去将来时，而要用一般现在时或一般过去时代替将来时。辨析下次你来这里，我会告诉你的。Next time
10、you come here,I will tell you.()Next time you will come here,I will tell you.()分析在时间状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。,(1)The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly,and her friend rushed out to greet her.解析句意：这个女孩刚一(几乎还没有)按门铃，门突然就被打开了，她的朋友冲出来迎接她。hardly.before“几乎还没有就”，“刚一就”，暗含“快”的意思。,before,(2)
11、(2012大纲全国，11)I had hardly got to the office my wife phoned me to go back home at once.解析考查固定句型hardly.when.的用法。句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打电话让我立刻回家。只要辨认出固定句型hardly.when.问题即可解决。,when,地点状语从句和原因状语从句,地点状语从句：1.地点状语从句可用where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere等引导。地点状语从句可用于主句之前或之后。You are free to go wherever you like.你愿意去哪里就
12、去哪里。Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Wherever there is smoke,there is a fire.无火不生烟(既无风不起浪)。,2.注意区分引导的定语从句与状语从句。where引导的地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions
13、.(定语从句),原因状语从句：1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now that,seeing that,considering that等，每个连词的含义不尽相同。(1)because用来回答why的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后；(2)since表示既然或已知的理由，稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首；(3)as引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因；(4)considering that,seeing that,now that和since的意义相似，都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去。,Why are you absent from the
14、meeting?Because I am ill.你为什么没开会？因为我病了。As it is raining,we shall not go to the park.因为天在下雨，我们将不去公园。Now that/Since everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，我们就开始我们的会议。,【温馨提示】回答why的提问，一定要用because。辨析你昨天为什么没有来？因为下雨了。Why didnt you come yesterday?Since it rained.()Because it rained.()分析回答以why开头的疑问
15、句时，不能用since，as或for，而要用because。,2.其他表示原因的方式除了状语从句外，一些介词短语同样可以表示原因，这样的短语有：because of,thanks to,due to,owing to等。Because of the weather,we had to put off the sports meeting.由于天气，我们不得不推迟会议。,(1)Today,we will begin we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.解析考查状语从句的连接词。句意：今天我们将从昨天停下来的地方开始，这样就
16、不会有要点被落下。此处是where引导地点状语从句，意为“在的地方”。,where,(2)(2012重庆，30)Coach,can I continue with the training?Sorry,you cant you havent recovered from the knee injury.解析考查状语从句。句意：教练，我能继续训练吗？抱歉，你不能继续训练，因为你膝盖受的伤还没有恢复。由此可知，空白处后面为原因状语从句，as符合题意。,as,目的状语从句和结果状语从句,目的状语从句：引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that
17、，in case,lest等。1.in order that与so that 两个连词都意为“以便，为了”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词；in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.我将说慢点以便你能理解我。In order that we might see the sunrise,we started for the peak early.为了能看到日出，我们很早就出发去山顶了。,2.for fear that,i
18、n case与lest这些从属连词本身带有否定意义，意为“以免，以防”，相当于so that.not.或in order that.not.；谓语动词有时也用should/might/could动词原形。The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.男孩躲在树后以免他的父亲看到他。Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.带上雨伞，以防下雨。,结果状语从句：1.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that,so.that.
19、，such.that.。其结构形式为：,Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.迈克是一位如此诚实的工人以至于我们都信任他。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣的钱如此少以至于不能养家。It is not surprising that such little worms eat so little grain.这么小的虫子吃这么少的谷物
20、并不令人感到惊讶。,区别so.that和such.that的用法名前such，形、副so，that从句跟在后；多多少少必用so，特别注意是little；“小”用such，“少”用so。,2.除结果状语从句外，too.to.，enough to.，so.as to等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.He got up too late to catch the bus.He got up so late as to miss the bus.他起得太晚了以至于没赶上公共汽车。,(1)(2011上海，37)The
21、 police officers in our city work hard the rest of us can live a safe life.解析句意：我们市里的警方官员们努力工作是为了让我们能过上安全的生活。(2)(2011山东，28)He had his camera ready he saw something that would make a good picture.解析句意：他准备好了照相机以免他看到什么可以成为很好照片的东西而无法拍摄下来。,in order that/so that,in case,条件状语从句和方式状语从句,条件状语从句：引导条件状语从句的从属连词有
22、：if,unless,once,so(as)long as,in case,on condition that,suppose/supposing,provided that等。Youll fail the exam unless you study hard.除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。As long as you dont lose heart,you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就会成功。Suppose/Supposing(that)they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help?如果他们拒绝了我们，我们能向谁求助呢？
23、,方式状语从句：引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as,as if,as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，正如”；其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。Do as you are told to,or youll be fired.按照被告诉的方式去做，否则你会被解雇的。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.老妇人对待那个男孩就像是对待自己的孩子。,(1)The medicine works more effe
24、ctively you drink some hot water after taking it.解析句意：如果你在服药后喝些热水，这种药能更有效地发挥作用。if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”，符合题意。(2)(2012江西，31)You can borrow my car you promise not to drive too fast.解析考查状语从句。句意：只要你保证不开得太快，你就可以把我的车借走。as long as只要。,if,as long as,让步状语从句和比较状语从句,让步状语从句：1.although/though,even though/if引导让步状语从句 alth
25、ough与though两者意思相同，一般可以互换，都可以与yet,still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of money.尽管他很有钱，但是他不幸福。Even though/if it is raining,well go there.即使天在下雨，我们也会去那儿。,2.as引导让步状语从句as从句一般放在主句之前，用倒装语序。从句中的表语或状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是孩子，他却懂得很多。M
26、uch as I like it I wont buy it,for its too expensive.虽然我很喜欢，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。Try as he might,he could not find a job.不管他怎样努力，他还是找不到工作。,3.疑问词ever,no matter疑问词与whether.or.引导让步状语从句Whether you believe it or not,it is true.无论你信不信，它是真的。Whatever(no matter what)you say,he wont believe you.无论你说什么，他不会信你。Whoever
27、you are(no matter who you are),you must obey the rules.无论你是谁，你必须服从这些规则。,4.while也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”(2011北京)While volleyball is her main focus,shes also great at basketball.尽管排球是她的主要项目，她也很擅长篮球。比较状语从句：比较状语从句常用than,so(as).as,the more.the more等引导。表示同级比较，肯定句用as.as.，否定句用not as/so.as.。than表示不同程度的比较，主句中用形容词或副
28、词的比较级。He runs less fast than me.他跑得不如我快。The film was not so(as)good as I had expected.这部电影比我期望的差。The busier he is,the happier he feels.他越忙感到越开心。,(1)(2011四川，4)Frank insisted that he was not asleep I had great difficulty in waking him up.解析句意：尽管我费了好大周折才把Frank弄醒，他却坚持说自己没有睡着。考查状语从句。用though/although引导让步状
29、语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。,although,(2)(2011陕西，19)all of them are strong candidates,only one will be chosen for the post.解析考查让步状语从句。while的意思是“虽然，尽管”，相当于though或although。句意：虽然他们都是强有力的候选人，但只有一个人将会被选中担任这个职务。,While,(3)(2011重庆，30)To show our respect,we usually have to take our gloves off we are to shake hands with.解析
30、考查让步状语从句。句意：我们不论是跟谁握手的时候，我们常常将手套取下，以示尊敬。shake hands with sb 表示“与某人握手”，本句中的with后缺少宾语，结合句意用whoever在句中引导让步状语从句。,whoever,易错点1whatever与however引导让步状语从句时的误用,(1)The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit_the season.解析考查让步状语从句。句意：无论什么季节，律师很少穿除了套装以外的衣服。应选whatever，相当于no matter what,其后用陈述语气，其完整形式为.whate
31、ver the season is。,whatever,(2)hungry I am,I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.解析考查让步状语从句。句意：无论我有多饿，我似乎从来都不能吃完整条面包。however相当于no matter how，其后用陈述语序。,However,【即时小练】Is the new job a real challenge for him?Well,difficulties he meets,I believe he will never lose heart.解析考查让步状语从句。句意：这
32、个新工作对他而言是真正的挑战吗？无论遇到什么样的困难，我相信他都不会失去信心。whatever后跟名词，意为“无论什么”。,whatever,以题说法对whatever与however引导的让步状语从句中的引导词的考查是历年高考中的常考点，考生因弄不清其区别常选错。whatever与however的用法区别与感叹句中的what与how的区别类似。在让步状语从句中，引导词whatever修饰的中心词为名词，通常其后直接接名词；而引导词however修饰的中心词为形容词或副词，通常其后直接接形容词或副词。突破指南在whatever与however引导的让步状语从句中，需记住whatever后跟名词
33、，however后跟形容词或副词，其后为陈述语序。,易错点2as与although引导的让步状语从句的误用,(1)(2012陕西，18)Hot the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.解析考查状语从句。句意：虽然晚上的空气很闷热，但是我们仍然睡得很沉，因为长途旅行后太累了。hot作从句的表语，as引导的让步状语从句中，要将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形提到as之前，故填as。,as,(2)(2011天津，5)regular exercise is very importan
34、t,its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.解析句意：尽管有规律的运动很重要，但是在睡前运动不是一个好主意。Although“尽管”。,Although,【即时小练】完成下列句子(1)he worked hard,he failed in the exam.(2)Hard he worked,he failed in the exam.(3)Try he might,Sue couldnt get the door open.,Although,as,as,以题说法although引导让步状语从句，句子为正常语序，而as引导
35、让步状语从句用倒装。突破指南同学们做题时需看清句子结构，根据句意来选择。,易错点3时间状语从句中since与before的误用,(1)It will be 5 or 10 years it is possible for people to found a space station on the moon.解析考查状语从句。句意：大约5年或10年后，人们才有可能在月球上建立太空站。before意为“在之前”，常用句式：It will be some time before.。,before,(2)(2013陕西，18)I have heard a lot of good things abo
36、ut you I came back from abroad.解析考查状语从句。句意：自从我从国外回来，我就听说了很多关于你的好事。since“自从”，引导时间状语从句，符合意境。,since,【即时小练】(1)He hung up I could explain what had happened.(2)It is three years he came to work in our school.(3)It will be two weeks they finish the work.,before,since,before,以题说法since引导时间状语从句表示“自从以来”，主句常用完成
37、时；before表示“在之前；还未就；趁着”等，常构成句式：It was not long before.;It will be some time before.等。突破指南对since和before的考查是时间状语从句中的难点，同学们应该记住其基本意思，还有其常用结构。,先翻译下面的句子，然后连成一篇50词左右的小短文。1.上周我去参观艺术展。(exhibition)2.我看到了一幅画，它是陈逸飞艺术风格的典型代表。(typical)3.这幅画可以追溯到许多年前。(date back to)4.我发现这幅作品很有想象力，很有价值。(imagination,of great value)5.
38、为了更好地了解艺术，我决定努力学习与艺术相关的知识。(in order to,relate to),【参考范文】Last week I visited an art exhibition,where I saw a painting which was a typical example of Chen Yifeis style.And it can date back to many years ago.I also found it full of imagination and of great value.In order to know more about art,I decided to study the knowledge related to art hard.,
