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1、初三英语专题复习之,宾语从句（含直接引语、间接引语）,一、宾语从句的类型（一）that引导的宾语从句 当直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，引导词用that，口语中that可以省略。eg:(1)He says“Jim is doing his homework”.He says(that)_.(2)Tom said“I likes collecting stamps”.Tom said(that)_.(二）if/whether引导的宾语从句 当直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，引导词if/whether eg:(3)Mr Brown asks me“Have you ever been to
2、 Paris?”Mr Brown asks me_ _.,Jim is doing his homework,he liked collecting stamps,if/whether I have ever been to,Paris,(4)Mary asked Kate“Did you clean the classroom?”Mary asked Kate _ _.(三）当直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，引导词为原来的疑问词(wh-/how)eg：(5)A:Whats your e-mail address?B:What did Tom ask you?A:He asked me_
3、.(6)A:Why is Jim late for school?B:What does Cindy want to know?A:She wonders _.二、宾语从句的时态 1.如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如例1、例3、例6.2.如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时）那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时,if/whether she had cleaned the,classroom,what my e-mail address was,why Jim is late fo
4、r school,过去将来时，过去完成时）。如例2、例4、例5。三、宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序为陈述句的语序。因此，当直接引语为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，要改为陈述句的语序。如例3、例4、例5、例6。注意：如果含特殊疑问句的直接引语的主语为疑问词，变为间接引语时，语序不需要改变。eg:(7)A:Who is waiting for the bus there?B:What does Mr Green say?A:He asks me_.四、宾语从句与简单句的转换（一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose
5、 等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。eg:(8)I hope that I can receive your e-mail.I hope_.,who is waiting for the bus there,to receive your e-mail,(二）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:(9)She doesnt know what she should do next.She doesnt know_.(三）当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach 等时，
6、从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:(10)Will you please show me how I can work it out?Will you please show me _.(四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell/orderSb.(not)to do sth 结构。eg:(11)A:Please be quiet.B:What did Bill say?A:He asked us to be quiet.,what to do next,how to work it out,(12)A:Dont make any noise.B:What does H
7、enry say?A:He tells me _.(五）动词seem后的宾语从句可用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型要有适当的变化。一般地，通常将宾语从句的主语作为简化的句子的主语，seem（适当形式）作谓语。eg:(13)It seems that football is very interesting._to be very interesting.(14)It seemed he was very excited._to be very excited.(六）宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语 eg:(15)I dont believe what Tom said.I dont believ
8、e _.,not to make any noise,Football seems,He seemed,Toms words,五、否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe,guess,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。eg:(16)I dont think he will come with you.注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。eg:(17)I dont believe he has finished the work,_?(18)He knew why Jim wasnt at school,_?解析：例17，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾 语从句的主语充当。例18，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语 由主句的主语充当。,has he,didnt he,
