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1、Unit 5 The power of nature,基础知识自测,一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。1._ vCl5keinEu n.火山 2._ i5rQptvi.(火山)爆发3._AN5zaiEti n.担心；焦虑 4._ 5trembl vi.摇晃；颤动5._ bC:vt.使感到厌烦 6._ 5kAnsElvt.取消；撤消7._ 5kQridVn.勇气,胆量 8._ dai5vE:sitin.多样性；多种多样9._ Ed5ventFEn.冒险,volcano,erupt,anxiety,tremble,bore,cancel,courage,diversity,adven
2、ture,10._ i5vAljueitv.评价；估计11._ ik5saitn.使兴奋；使激动 12._ fAn5tAstikadj.奇异的；极好的13._ 5fauntinn.喷泉 14._ 5AbsElu:tliadv.绝对地；完全地15._ Qn5fC:tjJnEtlIadv.不幸地 16._ 5pAnikvi.&n.惊慌17._ 5preFEsadj.珍贵的；贵重的 18._ pE5tenF(E)ladj.潜在的；可能的 19._ im5presvt.给留下深该印象 20._ 7ArEn5ti:vt.保证；担保,evaluate,excite,fantastic,fountain,a
3、bsolutely,unfortunately,panic,precious,potential,impress,guarantee,二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，以及首字母或汉语提示，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词。1The students were e_ to hear the news that their team had won the game.2Sometimes the teachers teaching is b_ that some students even feel asleep I class.3A volcanologist is a person who st
4、udies the formation of v_,and their current and historic eruptions.4Li Ping fell off his bike and hurt himself yesterday,f_,it wasnt serious.,fortunately,excited,boring,volcanoes,5People all over the world were a_ to have peace.6The soldier had shown great _(勇气)in the battle.7In my childhood,my fath
5、er i_ on me the value of hard work.8I have_(删去)many unnecessary words in my manuscript(原稿).9.The new television _(保修单)had a with it.10All the children listened to his_(冒险)with eager attention.,Adventures,anxious,courage,impressed,cancelled,guarantee,三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.The crowd feel excited to
6、hear the _(excite)news。2.The Anthem Olympic Games was really an _(impress)one.3.Thanks to your _(encourage),Ive made great progress in my study.4.The teacher praised him for his _（anxious）for knowledge.5_（fortunate）,belts are worn only by a small percentage of drivers and passengers.,exciting,impres
7、sive,encouragement,anxiety,Unfortunately,6_(bathe)in the polluted water resulted in their disease.7The research project has only been under way for three months,so its too early _(evaluate)its success8It is really a _（fantasy）place for the children to play.9Real friend ship is _(precious)than money.
8、10The meeting had to _(cancel)in the end because of the heavy storm.,Bathing,to evaluate,fantastic,more precious,be cancelled,四、词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英文。pare with_ 2.make ones way _ 3.vary fromto _ 4.meet with _ 5.make an effort _ 6.由覆盖_7.全部焚烧_ 8.冒险 _ 9.匆匆看一遍_ 10.将比做 _,compare to,与相比,前往,由到不等,偶遇,遭受,努力,be
9、 covered with,burn to the ground,take a risk,glance through,五、词组运用 词组填空 根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选一个适当的词组并用其适当的形式填空。1.Living in a town cant _living in the country in many respects.2.It was a dark rainy night and they _ to the village at the foot of the mountain.3.There are different kinds of computers in the
10、 store and their prices _2,000 yuan _ 12,000 yuan.4.About 71%of the surface of the earth _water.,is covered with,compare with,made their way,vary from to,翻译填空 根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选一个恰当的词组完成句子。5.In the bookstore,I_(遇到)a former classmate.6.Can you _(看看)the figures for me?7.The big fire _ the house _(夷为平地).,b
11、urned to the ground,met with,glance through,句子翻译 从上述短语中选择恰当的短语翻译下列句子。8教师的工作常被比作蜡烛。9他冒险过这座旧桥。10他尽力爬上墙。,He took a risk when he crossed the old bridge.,A teachers work is often compared to a candle.,He made an effort to climb the wall.,Language points,1.It shows a volcano erupting.erupt.vi(指火山，战争，危机，问题
12、等）爆发；突然发生足球赛后城里发生了暴力事件。Violence erupted in the city after the football match.eruption.n eruptive adj.in eruption 在喷发中,explode 爆炸 burst 爆炸，炸开 erupt 爆发a volcano erupting 是一个动名词的复合结构，在此作shows的宾语，其中a volcano 是动名词erupting 逻辑上的主语。I dont understand his/him behaving like that.我不明白他有那种行为。,2.Share your knowle
13、dge with others in your class.share.vt.分享，分配，分摊；共有，共用;有同样的感情（或想法,经历等）Sue shares a house with three other students.We shared the pizza between the four of us.Men often dont like to share their problems.Both drivers shared the blame for the accident.share.n 一部分；一定量，一份，股份the lions share 最大，（或最好）的一份,3.Y
14、et,however weak we are,we are not completely powerless.yet.在此是连词，作“但是，然而”（but,however)I have slept eight full hours,yet Im still sleepy.我睡了足足8个小时了，可还是想睡。,并列连词but 不可与从属连词though/although 同时出现，而yet 作为副词，可与though/although 同时出现-Have you been to New Zealand?-No,Id like to,_.A,too B.though C.yet D.either t
15、hough 可用作副词，意为“然而，但是”,需置于句末，而yet 应置于句首。,4.Can you imagine climb into a live volcano in order to take the temperature of the boiling rock inside.live.adj.live animals.活的live coverage of the World Cup 世界杯的实况转播,live coals 燃烧着的煤块 Pollution is still very much a live issue.污染仍然是目前非常让人关注的问题（目前所关心的，时下重大的）,l
16、iving,lively,alive,lovely,live 的区别：living,现存的，活的 live,活的,现场直播的 alive 活着的，只作后置定语和表语。lively,精力充沛的，生气勃勃的lovely 可爱的，美丽的，优美的，有吸引力的,take the temperature of sb.take sbs temperature,测量某人的体温have/run a temperature 发烧（=have/run a fever）,5.Do you like adventure in your life?adventure.n.奇遇，冒险（活动）adj.adventurousv
17、t.拿.冒险；大胆进行；大胆表示She is so shy a girl that she never _ an opinion in public.Boys like adventure.男孩子喜欢冒险,adventure 使人心振奋，寻求刺激的冒险,adventures,6.I am never bored.bore.vt 使感到厌烦 bore.n 令人讨厌的人或事物 bored.adj.感到厌烦的 boring adj.令人厌烦的Mr.Smith,_ of the _ speech,started to read a novel.There was a _ expression on h
18、is face.The speech was so _ that I fell asleep while listening.,bored,boring,bored,boring,7.,because danger excites me and makes me feel alive.excite.vt.使兴奋；使激动,-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh,thats _.what makes me feel excited.B.whatever I feel excited aboutC.how I feel excited D.
19、when I feel excited.,改错：Much to our excitements,our team won the game againThe exciting look on his face suggested that he was much excited at the exciting news.Excitedly,my best friend Peter has come out first in the contest.,excitement,excited,Excitingly,8.However,the most important thing about my
20、 job is that I help to protect people from one of the,that I help to 这是that 引导的表语从句，在从句中，that 不作成分。_ the young man works very hard is _the manager appreciates him for.,That,what,however.不管怎样，无论什么程度，然而，不过instead.代替，反而，却，相反therefore 因此，所以，因而thus.如此，这样，因而，从而yet.还，尚未（否定句），然而，尽管,1.At his age,he is suppos
21、ed to study hard at school._ he spends most of his time in the net bar.2.There is still much to discuss.We shall,_,return to this item at our next meeting.3.Although he didnt attend the meeting,_ he knows everything about it.,however,therefore,instead,thus,yet,instead,therefore,yet,4.We thought the
22、figures were correct._,we have discovered some errors.5.Hes only 17 and _ not eligible to vote.6.He is the eldest son and _ heir to the title.,However,thus/therefore,thus/therefore,9.Having collected and evaluated the information,I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will fl
23、ow next and how fast it will flow.“Having information”用现在分词的完成式，在句中作时间状语，表明该动作发生在主句动作之前。我不想继续求学，便决定当一个服装设计师。Not wishing to continue my studies,I decided to become a dress designer.,由于没有收到回音，他决定再写一封信。Not having received a reply,he decided to write again.evaluate v.评估；评价；估计我没有看到他的工作情况，无法评价他的能力。I cant
24、evaluate his ability without seeing his work.Its hard to evaluate her as a singer.,10.Unfortunately,we cant move their homes out of the way and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.unfortunate.adj.不幸的，倒霉的,归纳拓展：unfortunate.adj.不合适的；不恰当的；令人遗憾的unfortunately.adv.遗憾地，不幸地fortuna
25、te adj.交好运的，带来好运的；幸运的fortune.n.机会；运气；命运；财产make a fortune 发财try ones fortune 外出找出路,He went to the west and _ a fortune soon by selling cars.received B.found C.made D.searched,burn to the ground 全部焚毁这所房子已焚为平地。The house was burnt to the ground.burn down(burn to the ground)烧毁，烧平burn up 烧掉，烧毁burn out 烧光，
26、烧尽,translate the several sentences:,When boiling rock erupts from the volcano and crashes back to earth,it causes less damage than you might imagine.当滚烫的岩石从火山喷出并撞回地面时，它所造成的损失比想象的要小些。,This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea where the rock fall.这是因为在熔岩降落的基拉维厄山顶附近无人居住。The lava that f
27、lows slowly down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path underthe molten rock.沿着山坡下流的熔岩造成的损失要大得多，因为火山岩浆所流经的地方，一切都掩埋在熔岩下。,11.I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound.,12.Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii a
28、lready.,quite a few(口语）相当多的(=not a few)Not a few people have made that mistake.很多人犯过这种错误。,a few 几个(表示肯定意义）only a few 仅少数的，只有几个以上短语皆修饰复数名词，修饰不可数的有：not a little 相当多的quite a little only a little 只有一点点,13.I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.,was about to+when
29、 这时，突然was doing sth.,他正要离开，突然电话响了。He was about to leave when the telephone rang.史密斯一家正在看电视，这时外面有人喊“救火”。The Smiths were watching TV when someone called“fire”outside.,14.in the distance 在远处；在遥远的地方 at a distance 以一定距离 在稍远处fountain.是人造喷泉,而指天然喷泉时则用spring.A group of children are playing in the fountain in
30、 the park.一群孩子在公园的喷泉中玩耍。An encyclopedia is fountain of knowledge.百科全书式知识的源泉。,15.It was an absolutely fantastic sight.*absolute.绝对的，完全的我认为他们那样对待那个孩子绝对不光彩(disgrace)。I think its an absolute disgrace the way they treat that child.,*absolute 还意为“确实的”，“的确如此”的，“无疑的”,”独立的”absolute truth 事实真相absolute alcohol
31、 无水酒精Its an absolute fact.这是千真万确的事。absolutely.adv.绝对，完全地，常用于回答问题或用作评语-Do you agree with me?-Absolutely.你同意我的意见吗？完全同意,fantastic.adj.(口语）极好的，很棒的；奇异的，古怪的；异想天开的；难以置信的You have passed your test?_!FantasticallyFantasticWonderfully Greatly,海湾的夜景更美。The night view of the bay is even more fantastic.insects of
32、fantastic shapes 奇型怪状的昆虫a fantastic plan 不切实际的计划,fantastically adv.难以置信地；奇异地；极好地fantasize v.想象；幻想fantasy n.想象；幻想，幻想出来的东西,16.It wasnt very easy to walk in these suits,but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the crater.make ones way(to).前进，前往，获得成功；发迹我们顺着山坡往下朝城里行进。We m
33、ade our way down the hill towards the town.Henderson began to make his way in politics.亨德森逐渐在政治界有所建树。,与way有关的词组：make way(for)让路；让出位置fight ones way 奋勇前进lose ones way 迷路go ones way 走自己的路feel ones way 摸索前进,make its way 有利可图make the best of ones way 尽快走push ones way 挤过 find a way out 找出出路find ones way找到
34、路；设法达到out of the way 不挡道；不碍事in the way 挡道的；妨碍人的In a way 在某点上；在某种程度上,17.potential.un.潜在性；可能性；潜能adj.可能的；潜在的He is a young singer with great potential.他是个非常有潜力的歌手。the potentials of the technology 该项技术的潜力,Language points for Reading II,Language Points:1.The height of the land varies from 700 metres above
35、 sea level to over 2,000 meters and is home to a great diversity of plants and animals.vary v.呈现不同；改变，变化vary fromto 由到不等；从变为,这些鱼的价格从3镑到5镑不等。The price of these fish vary from 3 to 5.,You need a lot of variety in your diet.variety(质量，种类或特征的)变化The plants of Asia show a great diversity of form.diversity
36、 n.变化多样，多样性(相当variety),2.It is said that this boy,who had a great gift for languages and persuasion,is the father of the Manchu people.it is said that:have a great gift for:,据说，据报道,对有很高的天赋,我们不能保证我们所有的航班都不误点。2.这里的天气时时都在变化。,We cant guarantee that all our flights will never be delayed.,The weather here
37、 varies from hour to hour.,3.他匆匆看了一遍那道题就开始回答了。,He glanced through the question and began to answer.,4.据说昨天的火灾中4个小孩丧生了。,It is said that four children died in fire yesterday.,5.尽管他数学不算好，音乐上却很有分天。,Even if he is not good at maths,he has a great gift for music.,Language points for Reading II,1.European f
38、ootball is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make2._ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,_ that he had
39、 enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added,分词作状语,4.“Cant you read?”Mary said _ to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed D.and angrilypointing5.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tie
40、d,-ing分词做状语：-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。-ing分词短语作时间状语，有时可由连词when,while引出。如：Be careful while/when crossing the road.当看到那些画，她想起了她的童年。Seeing those pictures,she remembered her childhood.=When she saw,-ing分词短语作原因状语，Not knowing his address,I cant send this book to him.Because I dont know his addr
41、ess,因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。Many of us,being so excited,couldnt go to sleep that night.,ing分词短语作结果状语。如：His father died,leaving him a lot of money.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground,breaking it into pieces.,-ing分词作伴随状语，可放于句首或句中。表示主语的另一个伴随的动作。如：他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。T
42、hey stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.=They stood there for half an hour and watch the stars in the sky.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。Following the old man,the young people started walking slowly.,-ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语如果你站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。Standing at the foot of a high mountain，you will f
43、ind himself very small.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.=Although they knew all this,they made me pay for the damage.,_(look)out of the window,we can see a big tree._(see)from the window,a big tree can be seen.,注:(1)分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语与主句的主语一致。V-ing表主动或进行,-ed 表完成或被动,Lo
44、oking,Seen,(2)Ving 所表示的动作与谓语表示的动作几乎同时发生。如果分词表示的动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前，则用动词Ving 形式的完成式（having done）eg.Writing the letter,he left out something important.(while/when he was writing the letter)Having written the letter,he read it carefully.(After he had written the letter),(3)否定式not的位置(在分词的最前面加not)Not knowing
45、 her address,we could not get in touch with her.Not having received an answer,he decided to write another letter to them.,“with/without+n.+-ing”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。His hair became grey with the years passing.因为期末考试快到了，他感到很紧张。With final-exams coming,he feels very nervous.,英语中习惯接
46、-ing分词作宾语的常见动词：避免 错过 少延期 avoid miss put off/postpone建议 完成 多练习 suggest finish practise喜欢 想象 禁不住 enjoy imagine can help承认 否定 与嫉妒 admit deny envy逃避 冒险 莫原谅 escape risk excuse忍受 保持 不介意 stand keep mind、,常见的带介词to的短语，后接-ing或名词。admit to承认 contribute to捐助、贡献get down to着手做 give way to让位于keep to 坚持、遵守 lead to 导
47、致look forward to期待 turn to 求助于 stick to坚持 be equal to 胜任的、等于 point to指向、表明 see to 注意、处理 be used to 习惯于 devote oneself to 献身于 be familiar to 为熟悉,一些固定的-ing分词短语，如generally speaking（一般来说）,judging from（根据来判断）,considering（考虑到）,talking of（谈到，提到）等等,从他的口音看他一定来自加拿大。Judging from his accent,he must come from Ca
48、nada.考虑到他是如此可爱，我们决定让他免费听音乐会。Considering how poor he was,we decided to let him attend the concert for free.,Practice,Choose the best answer:1.She is writing a letter to a friend of hers,_him to the party.A.Having invited B.inviting C.to invite D.invited2._all my letters,I had a drink and went out.A.F
49、inished B.Having finished C.Finishing D.To finish3._who she was,she said she was Mr.Johnsons friend.A.Asking B.Asked C.To be asked D.When asking,B,B,B,4._Sunday,the students are at home.A.Being B.To be C.It is D.It being 5._,your composition is full of mistakes.A.Writing carelessly B.Written careles
50、slyC.Having written carelessly D.Being written carelessly,D,B,6._several times,the young scientist still kept on making his experiments.A.Having been failed B.Having failedC.Though failed D.Because of failure 7.The food_ at the moment is for the dinner party.A.cooked B.to be cookedC.is being cooked
