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1、Unit One,Fresh Start,Questions,Do you remember your first days at college?Did anything special happen then?What is/are the difference(s)between high school and college lives?,Cultural NotesThe Ivy League,Cultural NotesThe Ivy League 1/4,An athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of
2、 higher education in the Northeastern United States.The conference name is also commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group.2 The eight institutions are Brown University(Providence,Rhode Island),Columbia University(NYC),Cornell University(Ithaca,NY,Dartmouth College(Hanover,New Hampshir
3、e),Harvard University(Cambridge,MA),Princeton University(Princeton,New Jersey),the University of Pennsylvania(Philadelphia),and Yale University(New Haven,Connecticut).The term Ivy League also has connotations of academic excellence,selectivity in admissions,and social elitism.,Cultural Notes The Ivy
4、 League 2/4,The term became official,especially in sports terminology,after the formation of the NCAA Division I(the highest level of National Collegiate Athletic Association)athletic conference in 1954,3 when much of the nation polarized around favorite college teams.The use of the phrase is no lon
5、ger limited to athletics,and now represents an educational philosophy inherent to the nations oldest schools.4 In addition,Ivy League schools are often viewed by the public as some of the most prestigious universities worldwide and are often ranked amongst the best universities in the United States
6、and worldwide.5,Cultural Notes The Ivy League 3/4,Undergraduate enrollments among the Ivy League schools range from about 4,000 to 14,000,7 making them larger than those of a typical private liberal arts college(文科院校)and smaller than a typical public state university.Overall enrollments range from a
7、pproximately 5,900 in the case of Dartmouth to over 20,000 in the case of Columbia,Cornell,Harvard,and Penn.Ivy League university financial endowments range from Browns$2.2 billion to Harvards$27.4 billion,the largest financial endowment of any academic institution in the world.,Cultural Notes The I
8、vy League 4/4,All of the Ivy Leagues institutions place within the top 15 of the U.S.News the exception is Cornell,which was founded in 1865.Ivy League institutions,therefore,account for seven of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution.The Ivies are all in the Northeast g
9、eographic region of the United States.All eight schools receive millions of dollars in research grants and other subsidies from federal and state government.,Cultural NotesCollege football,Cultural NotesCollege football,American football played by teams of student athletes fielded by American univer
10、sities,colleges,and military academies,or Canadian football played by teams of student athletes fielded by Canadian universities.It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in Canada and the United States.,Cultural NotesCafeteria,Cultural NotesCafeteria
11、1/3,A cafeteria is a type of food service location in which there is little or no waiting staff table service,whether a restaurant or within an institution such as a large office building or school;a school dining location is also referred to as a dining hall or canteen(in UK English).Cafeterias are
12、 different from coffeehouses,although that is the Spanish meaning of the English word.,Cultural NotesCafeteria 2/3,Instead of table service,there are food-serving counters/stalls,either in a line or allowing arbitrary walking paths.Customers take the food they require as they walk along,placing it o
13、n a tray.In addition,there are often stations where customers order food and wait while it is prepared,particularly for items such as hamburgers or tacos which must be served hot and can be quickly prepared.Alternatively,the patron is given a number and the item is brought to their table.Sometimes,f
14、or some food items and drinks,customers collect an empty container,pay at the check-out,and fill the container after the check-out.Free second servings are often allowed under this system.For legal purposes(and the consumption patterns of customers),this system is rarely or never used for alcoholic
15、beverages in the USA.,Cultural NotesCafeteria 3/3,Customers are either charged a flat rate for admission(as in a buffet),or pay at the check-out for each item.Some self-service cafeterias charge by the weight of items on a patrons plate.As cafeterias require few employees,they are often found within
16、 a larger institution,catering to the clientele of that institution.For example,schools,colleges and their residence halls,department stores,hospitals,museums,military bases,prisons,and office buildings often have cafeterias.,Cultural NotesSalad bar,Cultural NotesSalad bar,A salad bar is a buffet-st
17、yle table or counter at a restaurant on which salad components are provided for customers to assemble their own salad plates.Most salad bars provide lettuce(生菜),chopped tomatoes,assorted raw,sliced vegetables(such as cucumbers,carrots,celery芹菜 and green or red bell peppers青红椒),dried bread croutons(常
18、放在汤里吃的)油煎面包块,烤碎面包块,bacon bits,shredded(撕成碎片)cheese,and various types of salad dressing色拉酱.Some salad bars also have additional food items such as cooked cold meats(e.g.,chicken and ham),cooked beans(e.g.,chick peas or kidney beans云豆),deviled eggs,cold pasta salads,corn chips,bread rolls,soup,and fre
19、sh cut fruit slices.,Cultural NotesCheerleader,Cultural NotesCheerleader,Cheerleading is a physical activity,sometimes a competitive sport,based on organized routines,usually ranging from one to three minutes,which contain the components of tumbling,dance,jumps,cheers,and stunting to direct spectato
20、rs of events to cheer on sports teams at games or to participate in competitions.The athlete involved is called a cheerleader.,Listening comprehension,What are the tips given by the speaker?,Listening comprehension,to discipline yourselves,to be prepared to study hard and keep up from day one.To exp
21、lore in these areas,e.g.arts,literature,a profession,or a vocational skill,Listening comprehension,take the in-depth approach towards all subjects(more than earning a grade)To establish the habit of honest work and pride in your work,Text comprehension questions,1.How did Evelyn feel on her first ar
22、rival at the college campus?,She felt“first-gradish”on her arrival at the campus.The“first-gradish”feeling is a mixture of helplessness,disorientation,self-consciousness,and a lack of confidence.,2.Where did Evelyn choose to sit in her first class?why?,Refer to Para.3.She chose to sit in the front r
23、ow,a side seat because the freshmen manual suggested sitting near the front to show that one was an intelligent and enthusiastic student.Since she was not confident enough to sit in the professors direct line of vision,she chose a side seat in the front row.,3.What was the footballers response to th
24、e students cheers and claps when he fell on the cafeteria floor?And why?,Refer to Para.9.He did not take the accident seriously.On the contrary,he took it light-heartedly and just laughed it off.It shows that accidents like that are quite common on campus and one should learn to take them easy.,4.Wh
25、at,according to Evelyn,is one of the major difference between college and high school lives?,Refer to Para.11.One of the major differences between college and high school lives is that in high school one strives for popularity and has to avoid at any cost making himself/herself a laughing stock amon
26、g his/her peers.When a person is in college,he/she should be his/her own person and do his/her own thing and avoid taking others opinions too much to heart.,5.How should a person take his/her college life according to Evelyn?Do you agree?,A person,according to the author,should take his/her college
27、life for an experiment.He/she should not be afraid of making mistakes because it is only through trial and error that one can find his/her real self and finding his/her real self is the ultimate purpose of college education.College allows one to make massive mistakes.,Sentence Paraphrasing,I planned
28、 to be observant and silent so that nobody would notice I was a newcomer to college.It didnt matter whether or not you were widely accepted or admired.You did not have to behave to the liking of everybody else.So long as I could give up the attempt to be perfect in everything,I would well be able to
29、 do what I wanted in the way I was comfortable with.,Structural analysis,Part One:(Para.1)introduction.Part Two:(Para.2-9)the writer recalls a few incidents during her first days of college.Part Three:(Para.10-14)conclusion.,Text analysis&Language work,Part I(Para 1)Introduction,Q:Why does the autho
30、r feel“everyone on campus was watching me”?A:The author was over-sensitive and was thus uneasy with her identity as a freshman,as she thought a new student would attract others attention.,Drive off,(of a driver,car,etc.)to leave强盗开着抢来的车子离开了。The robbers drove off in a stolen vehicle.,Drive sb/sth off
31、,to force sb/sth to go back or away战士们击退了每次进攻。The soldiers drove off each attack.,leaving me standing pitifully,to cause or allow to be or remain in a specified condition leave the door open his manner left me cold The war had left the country heavily in debt.One should not leave the tap running on.
32、Lets leave the future to take care of itself.,Parking lot 停车场,wanting nothing more than,Nothing more than:no more than,only 仅仅Cf.no more than/not more than His bike is not more expensive than mine.His bike is cheaper than mine.His bike is no more expensive than mine.His bike is as cheap as mine.,Fir
33、st-gradish adj.,having the qualities and characteristics of a first-grade student;-ish:means characteristic of;like etc.E.g.selfish;greenish,Distinct adj.,clearly seen,heard,felt,understood,etc.;noticeable明显的,清晰的,不同的 A thing is distinct if it is sharply distinguished from other things or clearly not
34、iced.她的态度的明显改变 a distinct change in her attitude,Distinct adj.,Cf：distinctive:adj.a thing or quality that is clearly different from others of its kind;与众不同的，独特的啤酒有种不同的味道，与葡萄酒明显不同。Beer has a very distinctive smell;its quite distinct from the smell of wine.,Fill in the blanks,1.She has a very _ way of
35、 speaking.2.Mice is _ from rats.3.The photograph showed a _ image.4.Boy scouts wear a _ uniform.(key:1.distinctive 2.distinct 3.distinct 4.distinctive),Part II(2-9),The writer recalls a few incidents on the first days of her college life.Q:“raised my head,squared my shoulders,and set out in the dire
36、ction of my dorm,”What kind of effect does such short sentences describing a series of actions achieve?A:The sentences are short and use a series of actions.It revealed the narrators determination to look strong and confident.,Square v.,to make sth have straight edges and corners铺平vt.这就好像要展平一个圆，就是说，
37、不可能。It was like trying to square a circle.That is,it was impossible.,Square v.,square yourself/your shoulders:to make your back and shoulders straight to show you are ready or determined to do sth.Bruno挺直了腰板去见记者。Bruno squared himself to face the waiting journalists.,Square v.,square up(to sb/sth):to
38、 face a difficult situation and deal with it in a determined way坚定面对好吧，既然是我的错，就让我勇敢面对吧。OK，since it is my fault,let me square up to it.,Discussion,Under what circumstances will one square his/her shoulders?,Square adj.断然的，直截了当的,fair or honest,especially in business matters a square refusal 直截了当的拒绝,Di
39、screet adj.,careful in what you say/do,so as to keep sth secret or to avoid causing embarrassment/difficulty for sb谨慎的小心地看了下钟，我发现面试持续一小时了。A discreet glance at the clock told me the interview had lasted an hour.,It took everything I had college football player.(para.2),Live:adj.living Para:I tried my
40、 best to hold back my strong desire to stare at the college rugby player when he appeared before my eyes so real and in person.,Reserve n.,1.u.n.the quality that sb.has when they do not talk easily to other people about their ideas,feelings,etc.矜持；保守因天性矜持，她发现很难交到朋友。She found it difficult to make fri
41、ends because of her natural reserve.,Reserve n.,2.c.n.,usu.pl.a supply of sth.that is available to be used in the future or when it is needed储备large oil and gas reserves大量的油气储备该公司资金储备雄厚。The company has substantial reserves of capital.American Federal Reserve Committee美联储,Reserve n.,3(AmE.also preser
42、ve)c.n.a piece of land that is a protected area for animals,plants,etc禁猎区a wildlife reserve自然保护区 also game reserve,nature reserve,Reserve n.,4 the reserves pl.后备队 the reserve sing(the reserves pl.)an extra military force,etc.that is not part of a countrys regular forces,but is available to be used w
43、hen neededthe army reserve(s)预备军the reserve police 预备警察,Reserve n.,5(also reserve price)c.n.(BrE)the lowest price that sb.will accept for sth.,especially sth.that is sold at an auction底价最后这两幅地块以底价成交。Finally these two pieces of land were sold at their reserve prices.,Reserve v.,1 to ask for/keep a se
44、at,table,room,etc.to be available for you or sb else at a future time预定Synonym:book/keep我想订个八点的三人桌。Id like to reserve a table for three for eight oclock.,Reserve v.,2.reserve sth.to have or keep a particular power 保留本店享有最终解释权。The management reserves the right to make explanations.(law)All rights res
45、erved(=nobody else can publish or copy this).,I only hoped his attention to my shaking knees.(para.2),Airs of assurance:apparent confidence;assurance:self-confidenceI hoped he just noticed my apparent assurance instead of my nervousness.,Whereabouts n.下落,所在之处(=whereabout),the place where sb/sth is他至
46、今下落不明。His whereabouts are/is still unknown.Do you feel silly when asking questions concerning whereabouts?,Demeanor(UN),(fml)the way that sb looks or behaves举动,行为;风度 他自始至终都很职业化。He maintained a professional demeanor throughout.,Anthology n.,a collection of poems,stories,etc.that have been written by
47、different people and published together in a book合集儿童诗集 an anthology of poems for children,A crisp ruled page,_,Grope v.,1 vi.(around)(for sth.)to try/find sth.that you cannot see,by feeling with your hands摸索He groped around in the dark for his other sock.,Grope v.,真是太，我想要找个合适的词来形容。(fig.)Its so,so I
48、 was groping for the right word to describe it.,Grope v.,2 vt.,vi.to try and reach a place by feeling with your hands because you cannot see clearly 摸索着前进He groped his way up the staircase in the dark.She groped through the darkness towards the doors.,Assume v.,(fml)to begin to have a particular qua
49、lity or appearance/feeling or quality呈现；装作Synonym:take on/put onIn the story the god assumes the form of an eagle.(take on),Assume v.,他装作关心的样子。He assumed an air of concern.(put on),Tip off,tip sb off(about sth)(infml)to warn sb about sth that is going to happen,esp.sth illegal警示警方得到消息他可能正在威尔士。The po
50、lice were tipped off that he might be living in Wales.,under(ones)breath:whisper.,Goody n.,(also goodie)usu.plural plural goodies(informal)1 a thing that is very nice to eat甜食，好吃的a basket of goodies for the children,Goody n.,2 anything that is attractive and that people want to have享受物Were giving aw
